unit 1: earth science essentials
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Unit 1: Earth Science Essentials. Mrs.Mauer. Temperature: Measure of the Average Kinetic Energy of molecules . 3 Scales to Measure Temperature . Fahrenheit: Water freezes at 32 Water Boils at 212 Celsius: Water freezes at 0 Water Boils at 100 Fahrenheit and Celsius meet at -40. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 1: Earth Science Essentials
Mrs.Mauer
Temperature: Measure of the Average Kinetic Energy of molecules
Fahrenheit: Water freezes at 32 Water Boils at 212
Celsius: Water freezes at 0 Water Boils at 100
Fahrenheit and Celsius meet at -40
3 Scales to Measure Temperature
Lord Kelvin 1. The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic temperature scale where absolute zero, the theoretical absence of all thermal energy, is zero kelvin (0 K).
2. This means 0 K = molecules aren’t moving
3. Never say degrees Kelvin!
If temperature is based on the movement of molecules, let’s look at the 4 phases of matter which describe their movement
Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma
4 States of Matter
Plasma is defined as partially ionized gas What does that mean? It means that electrons aren’t tied to their
atoms like they are normally What do I need to know? The sun is an example of a plasma meaning
that it is ionized gas!
Plasma?
Which of the following is the highest temperature?
Lowest?A.) 30 ° CB.) 270 ° KC.) 74 ° FD.) 0 ° C
Practice Problem:
The motion of their molecules
State of Matter Type of MotionSolid VibratingLiquid Sliding Gas BouncingPlasma Colliding
What Makes the 4 States of Matter Different?
When Molecules stop moving they are at absolute 0 or -273 C
Like temperature they are a lot of ways to measure something.
There can be errors in measurement. We can calculate this error!Percent Error or Percent Deviation
Measured - actual x100 actual
Measurements
You measure a soccer field to be 102 meters long. It is actually 100 m long. What is your % deviation?
Practice Problem
You measure a room to be 8 meters wide. It is actually 10 m wide. What is your % deviation?
Practice Problem
Also…how tightly packed the molecules are
D= Mass/Volume
Units are g/cm3
Mass: Amount of matter
Volume: Amount of space an object takes up
Density: Concentration of Matter
Mass & Volume
A 15g rock takes up 5 cm3. What is its density?
How can I make the rock MORE dense? Less dense?
When a substance is heated, its molecules move faster, and it EXPANDS.
What variable is changing? VOLUME. If volume increases, density:
DECREASES
Practice Problem
When an object becomes a solid it is almost always more dense than in its liquid form.
Name the substance that defies this law! Water!
Trick Question
Water Displacement
Density of Irregularly Shaped Objects
Remember: D=m/v
1.Weigh the object on the balance
2.Measure the change in volume.
3. Plug & Chug
How would the density of each piece of the rock compare to its original density?
You drop a coin into a jar with 4 different liquids of different densities. Where will the coin, with a D= 2.4 g/cm3 end up?
Comparing Densities
If you compress a squishy ball of goo, how would its density change and how quickly would it change?
Rate of Change: How fast something changes.
Look at Change in field valueChange in time
Field Value= Whatever you are measuring!
More Thought Provoking Q’s
Look at Monday night’s temperature change:
Examine the values below and calculate the R.O.C. from 10 PM to 6 AM
Practice Problem
Rate of change = -16° F8 hours = -2.0°F/hr
Time Temp10pm 5611pm 5412pm 501am 482am 463am 444am 425am 416am 40
Graphing is the best way to show rate changes!
10pm 11pm 12pm 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am0
10
20
30
40
50
60
5654
5048
4644
42 41 40
Title X & Y Axis indicators X & Y Axis Labels X & Y Axis Units Data!
Essential Parts of a Graph
Fill in the Missing Info
10pm 11pm 12pm 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am0
10
20
30
40
50
6056
5450
4846
4442 41 40
Extrapolation Interpolation
Common Graphing Problems
Extending your graph with data points you don’t know
Extrapolation
Adding data points within your set of data
Interpolation
Height over time
01234567
0 5 10 15
Age (yrs)
Hei
ght (
ft)