unit 1 – area of study 1 body systems & human movement
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UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1 Body Systems & Human Movement. JOINTS & HUMAN MOVEMENT. JOINTS. There are 3 classifications of joints:. 1. FIBROUS ( immovable ). skull. pelvis. JOINTS. There are 3 classifications of joints:. 2. CARTILAGENOUS ( semi-moveable ). ribs to sternum. pubic bones. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1
Body Systems & Human Movement
JOINTS & HUMAN MOVEMENT
JOINTS There are 3 classifications of joints:
skull pelvis
1. FIBROUS ( immovable )
JOINTS There are 3 classifications of joints:
2. CARTILAGENOUS ( semi-moveable )
pubic bonesribs to sternum
JOINTS There are 3 classifications of joints:
3. SYNOVIAL ( freely moveable ) ( controlled by muscles )
JOINTS There are 6 different types of synovial joints BALL & SOCKET -
The ball or head of one bones inserts into the socket or cup of another. Eg: shoulder / hip.
HINGE – Allows movement in one plane only ( flexion & extension ). Eg: elbow / knee.
PIVOT – One bone rotated around another. Eg: atlas & axis.
GLIDING – Bones glide or slide across each other. Eg: carpals / tarsals.
SADDLE – One bone sits atop another like a saddle on a horse. Eg: thumb.
CONDYLOID – Bones articulate together ( butt up against each ) but without the ball
and socket structure This allows not only flexion & extension but some circumduction – eg:
wrist
JOINTS There are 6 different types of synovial joints BALL & SOCKET -
The ball or head of one bones inserts into the socket or cup of another. Eg: shoulder / hip.
HINGE – Allows movement in one plane only ( flexion & extension ). Eg: elbow / knee.
PIVOT – One bone rotated around another. Eg: atlas & axis.
GLIDING – Bones glide or slide across each other. Eg: carpals / tarsals.
SADDLE – One bone sits atop another like a saddle on a horse. Eg: thumb.
CONDYLOID – Bones articulate together ( butt up against each ) but without the ball
and socket structure This allows not only flexion – extension but some circumduction – eg:
wrist
JOINTS All synovial joints have the same features :
JOINTS All synovial joints have the same features :
HYALINE CARTILAGE Lines the bones / protects / reduces
friction
JOINTS All synovial joints have the same features :
HYALINE CARTILAGE Lines the bones / protects / reduces
friction
JOINT CAPSULE Surrounds the joint / adds stability / stops
substances entering or leaving joint
JOINTS All synovial joints have the same features :
HYALINE CARTILAGE Lines the bones / protects / reduces
friction
JOINT CAPSULE Surrounds the joint / adds stability / stops
substances entering or leaving joint
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE Lines the inside of the capsule / produces
& secretes synovial fluid
JOINTS All synovial joints have the same features :
HYALINE CARTILAGE Lines the bones / protects / reduces
friction
JOINT CAPSULE Surrounds the joint / adds stability / stops
substances entering or leaving joint
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE Lines the inside of the capsule / produces
& secretes synovial fluid
SYNOVIAL FLUID Lubricates the inside of the joint
............................
JOINTS All synovial joints have the same features :
HYALINE CARTILAGE Lines the bones / protects / reduces
friction
JOINT CAPSULE Surrounds the joint / adds stability / stops
substances entering or leaving joint
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE Lines the inside of the capsule / produces
& secretes synovial fluid
SYNOVIAL FLUID Lubricates the inside of the joint
............................
LIGAMENTS Hold bones together / control
movement
MOVEMENT FLEXION The angle between
the bones decreases. Eg: bicep curl – UP
MOVEMENT FLEXION The angle between
the bones decreases. Eg: bicep curl – UP
FLEXION
EXTENSION The angle between
the bones increases. Eg: bicep curl – DOWN
MOVEMENT FLEXION The angle between
the bones decreases. Eg: bicep curl – UP
EXTENSION The angle between
the bones increases. Eg: bicep curl – DOWN
FLEXION
EXTENSION
MOVEMENT
ABDUCTION To take away from
the midline of body Eg: arm raise– UP
MOVEMENT
ABDUCTION To take away from
the midline of body Eg: arm raise– UP
ADDUCTION To bring back to the
midline of the body Eg: arm lowered–
DOWN
ABDUCTION
MOVEMENT
ABDUCTION To take away from
the midline of body Eg: arm raise– UP
ADDUCTION To bring back to the
midline of the body Eg: arm lowered–
DOWN
ABDUCTION ADDUCTION
MOVEMENT ROTATION Movement around an
axis Eg: turning head left
& right
MOVEMENT ROTATION Movement around an
axis Eg: turning head left
& right
CIRCUMDUCTION Bone makes a cone
shape as it moves Eg: circling the arms.
MOVEMENT ROTATION Movement around an
axis Eg: turning head left
& right
CIRCUMDUCTION Bone makes a cone
shape as it moves Eg: circling the arms.
MOVEMENT SUPINATION – Forearm is rotated to face
palm UP. PRONATION – Forearm is rotated to face palm
DOWN. PLANTAR FLEXION – Point toes down or raise
up onto tippy toes. DORSI FLEXION – Raise toes up higher than
the heels. INVERSION – Sole of the foot is turned to face
inwards. EVERSION – Sole of the foot is turned to face
outwards.
REVISION QUESTIONS1. The function of the skeletal system is to:
A/ provide protection of vital organs.B/ allow movement.C/ blood cell productionD/ mineral storageE/ all of the aboveF/ none of the above.
2. Which of the following form the axial skeleton ?A/ skull, sternum, rib cage, vertebral columnB/ skull, shoulder girdle, spine, pelvic girdleC/ skull, sternum, humerus, pelvis, femurD/ shoulder girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, legs
3. Which of the following are examples of long bones ?A/ face, vertebrae , femur, carpalsB/ pelvis, tarsals , humerus, digitsC/ metatarsals, digits, tibia, radiusD/ skull, ulna, femur, metacarpals
REVISION QUESTIONS4. From inferior to superior the curvatures of the spine are the:
A/ lumbar, sacral, cervical, thoracic.B/ cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral.C/ sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical.D/ thoracic, lumbar, sacral, cervical
5. Bones are attached to each other mainly by means of:A/ ligamentsB/ muscleC/ tendonsD/ skin
6. Which of the following is NOT a category of joint ?A/ cartilagenousB/ fibrousC/ hyalineD/ synovial
REVISION QUESTIONS7. Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint ?
A/ the base of the thumbB/ the ankleC/ the kneeD/ the hip
8. The function of the hyaline cartilage is to:A/ protect the bone.B/ reduce friction in the joint.C/ grease the surface of the joint.D/ all of the above.E/ none of the above.
9. Ball and socket joints permit the following movements:A/ flexion, extension, plantar flexion, supinationB/ rotation, circumduction, eversion, inversionC/ adduction, abduction, dorsi flexion, plantar flexionD/ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
REVISION QUESTIONS
11. Whilst carrying a tray in front of the body with the hands lying flat under the tray:A/ the hands are flexed.B/ the hands are extended.C/ the hands are supinated.D/ the hands are pronated.
10. Which of the following joints permits rotation only :A/ glidingB/ pivotC/ hingeD/ ball and socket
12. The movement “adduction” involves :A/ a decrease in the joint angleB/ an increase in the joint angleC/ taking a body part away from the midline of the bodyD/ taking a body part towards the midline of the body