unesco executive summary of 2006 education study (español)

7/30/2019 UNESCO Executive Summary of 2006 Education Study (Espaol)

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Ly cq~jmvcfjy j ly jywcmwjyj Co~ic Lcwmc { jl Ic~nj

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` gjl Q~koj~ ^jq`~wj gj ^jyzlwcg`ygjl Yjhzmg` Jywzgk` ^jhk`mcl I`oqc~cwkr` { Juqlkicwkr`

`~hcmkvcikm gj lcy mcik`mjy zmkgcy qc~c lc jgzicikm, lc ikjmikc { lc izlwz~c

zmkwjg mcwk`my jgzicwk`mcl, yikjmwkbi cmg izlwz~cl ~hcmkvcwk`m

`~hcmkycwk`m gjy mcwk`my zmkjy q`z~ lgzicwk`m, lc yikjmij jw lc izlwz~j

@bikmc ^jhk`mcl gj Jgzicikm qc~c Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj


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Qznlkicg` q`~ lc @ikmc ^jhk`mcl gj Jgzicikm gj lc ZMJYI@ qc~c Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj @^JCLIZMJYI@ Ycmwkch`

Czw`~c

Jszkq` LLJIJ

Eiw`~ Rclgy %i``~gkmcg`~+, J~mjyw` W~jrk`, Ic~ojm Hl`~kc Cijrjg`, Ocz~kik` Icyw~`, Ycmg~c Ic~~kll`, ^`{ I`ywkllc,

Gcmkjl N`h`{c, Ic~l`y Qc~g`-

~jcy WjowkicyNjcw~kv Ocijg`, Lklkcmc N~`mvkmc { Cmc Cw`~~jyk-

Cq`{` Cgokmkyw~cwkr`

Yklrkc @~wkv

Ch~cgjikokjmw`y jyqjikcljy c ^`yc Nlcmi` { c Cmc Lzkvc Ociecg`, gk~jiw`~c c-k- { ju/gk~jiw`~c gj lc @^JCLIZMJYI@

Ycmwkch`, ~jyqjiwkrcojmwj- Cykokyo`, c w`g`y cszjll`y szj `~oc~`m qc~wj gjl LLJIJ q`~ yz i`lcn`~cikm jm lc ~jclk/vcikm gjl YJÎJ4 jm qc~wkizlc~ c Fcrkj~ Oz~kll` { Oc~ijlc ^òm q`~ yz i`lcn`~cikm jm lc ~jgciikm gj lcy rj~yk`mjy

kmkikcljy gjl q~jyjmwj ~jq`~wj-

Gkyj` kmwj~k`~

Fzlkc Yclcvc~

Gkch~cocikm { q~`gziikm gkhkwclCmc Oc~c Nc~c`mc { Ukojmc Okl`yjrki

Q`~wcgcCljfcmg~` Z~nm

Qj~okwkgc yz ~jq~`gziikm w`wcl ` qc~ikcl, cy iò` yz w~cgziikm c izclszkj~ kgkòc ikwcmg` lc zjmwj-

L`y czw`~jy y`m ~jyq`mycnljy q`~ lc yjljiikm { q~jyjmwcikm gj l`y ejie`y i`mwjmkg`y jm jywc qznlkicikm, cy iò`gj lcy `qkmk`mjy juq~jycgcy jm jllc, szj m` y`m mjijyc~kcojmwj jl qjmycokjmw` gj ZMJYI@ { m` iòq~òjwjm c lc@~hcmkvcikm- Lcy gjmòkmcik`mjy joqljcgcy jm jywc qznlkicikm { lc q~jyjmwcikm gj l`y gcw`y szj jm jllc hz~cmm` koqlkicm, gj qc~wj gj lc ZMJYI@, mkmhzmc wòc gj q`ykikm ~jyqjiw` cl jywcwzw` fz~gki` gj l`y qcyjy, ikzgcgjy,wj~~kw`~k`y ` v`mcy, ` gj yzy czw`~kgcgjy, mk ~jyqjiw` cl w~cvcg` gj yzy ~`mwj~cy ` lokwjy-

KYNM6 ;85/;:2/591>/;7/5Koq~jy` jm Ieklj q`~ Ycljykcm`y Koq~jyk`mjyYcmwkch`, Ieklj- Fzmk`, >115

Crj~wjmic

Jl zy` gj zm ljmhzcfj szj m` gkyi~kokmj mk ~jq~`gzvic jyszjocy gkyi~kokmcw`~k`y jmw~j eòn~jy { ozfj~jy jy

zmc gj lcy q~jìzqcik`mjy gj mzjyw~c @~hcmkvcikm- Ykm jonc~h`, m` ec{ cizj~g` jmw~j l`y lkmhkywcy cij~ic

gj lc ocmj~c gj ecij~l` jm jyqc`l-

Jm wcl yjmwkg`, { qc~c jrkwc~ lc y`n~jic~hc h~ic szj yzq`mg~c zwklkvc~ jm jyqc`l `c4 l`ylcy { `w~cy `~ocy

yjmyknljy cl hmj~` i`m jl m gj oc~ic~ lc q~jyjmikc gj con`y yju`y, ejo`y qwcg` q`~ zyc~ lc `~oc ocyizlkmc

jm yz w~cgkik`mcl cijqikm hjm~kic, jm jl jmwjmgkg` szj jy gj zwklkgcg qc~c ecij~ ~jj~jmikc wcmw` c eòn~jy

{ ozfj~jy ykm jrkwc~ lc q`wjmikcl conkhjgcg szj yj gj~krc~c gj lc `qikm gj zyc~ izcljyszkj~c gj lcy `~ocy

gj o`g` hjm~ki`-


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mgkij gj i`mwjmkg`y

Q^JYJMWCIKM 8

JL YJHZMG@ JYWZGK@ ^JHK@MCL I@OQC^CWKR@ [ JUQLKICWKR@ 5

L@Y L@H^@Y GJ L@Y JYWZGKCMWJY 3>

BCIW@^JY CY@IKCG@Y CL L@H^@ 7:

I@MYKGJ^CIK@MJY BKMCLJY 78


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^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` :

Lc ZMJYI@, jyw llcocgc, gjygj yz icoq` jyqjii` gj ciikm, c hjmj~c~ lcy i`mgkik`mjy

qc~c szj w`gcy lcy iòzmkgcgjy { qj~y`mcy hìjm gj zmc czwmwkic qcv { gj l`y njmjik`y gjl

gjyc~~`ll`- Jm jywc ~jhkm, lc q`n~jvc { lcy gjykhzclgcgjy y`m l`y q~kmikqcljy ciw`~jy szj q`mjmjm ~kjyh` lc yjhz~kgcg { lc gkhmkgcg gj lcy qj~y`mcy- Lc iòzmkgcg kmwj~mcik`mcl mjijykwc zmc

rkykm ezocmkvcgc gjl gjyc~~`ll` szj yj ncyj jm jl ~jyqjw` c l`y gj~jie`y ezocm`y, jm jl gkl`/h` kmwj~izlwz~cl, { jm lc q~òìkm gj lc fzywkikc- Jm jl onkw` gj lc jgzicikm lc ZMJYI@ yj ecq~`qzjyw` iò` `nfjwkr`y ijmw~cljy lc q~òìkm gj lc jgzicikm iò` gj~jie` zmgcojmwcl, jlojf`~cokjmw` gj lc iclkgcg { jl òjmw` gj lc kmm`rcikm { lc hjmj~cikm gj i`mìkokjmw`y qc~c

ojf`~c~ lcy q`lwkicy jgzicwkrcy-

Jm l`y lwko`y c`y, l`y qcyjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj ecm ~jclkvcg` koq`~wcmwjy crcm/

ijy jm jgzicikm6 yj ec coqlkcg` lc gz~cikm gj lc jgzicikm nlkhcw`~kc4 ec czojmwcg` lc i`nj~/

wz~c gjl ykywjoc4 yj ecm gkyjcg` mzjr`y iz~~izl`y4 yj ec ojf`~cg` lc g`wcikm gj ocwj~kcljy { lckm~cjyw~ziwz~c jyi`lc~, { yj ec kmrj~wkg` jm lc `~ocikm gj l`y gìjmwjy- Ykm jonc~h`, qj~ykywjmq~`nljocy jm lc iclkgcg gj lc jgzicikm { jm yz fzywc gkyw~knzikm jm jl i`mfzmw` gj lc yìkjgcg-

Gjygj zm jm`szj gj lc jgzicikm iò` gj~jie` ezocm`, lc @ikmc ^jhk`mcl gj lc ZMJYI@qc~c Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj, qlcmwjc zm i`mijqw` gj iclkgcg szj kmilz{j ikmi` gkojmyk`mjygj ocmj~c kmwjh~cgc6 lc ~jljrcmikc, q~ò`rkjmg` cq~jmgkvcfjy szj i`mykgj~jm lcy mjijykgcgjy gjl

gjyc~~`ll` gj lcy qj~y`mcy { gj lcy yìkjgcgjy4 lc qj~wkmjmikc, ecikjmg` szj jl cq~jmgkvcfj yjcykhmkicwkr` qc~c qj~y`mcy gj gkywkmw`y i`mwjuw`y yìkcljy { izlwz~cy4 lc jszkgcg, q~`q`~ik`mcmgc icgc szkjm l`y ~jiz~y`y { c{zgcy szj mjijykwc qc~c jywc~ jm khzclgcg gj i`mgkik`mjy gj ciijgj~ c

lc jgzicikm, i`mwkmzc~ yzy jywzgk`y { gjyc~~`llc~ cl ouko` yzy icqcikgcgjy4 lc jbicikc, clicmvc/g` lcy ojwcy ~jlcik`mcgcy i`m lc ~jljrcmikc, lc qj~wkmjmikc { lc jszkgcg4 { lc jbikjmikc, cykhmcmg`{ zwklkvcmg` l`y ~jiz~y`y gj `~oc cgjizcgc qc~c l`h~c~ l`y `nfjwkr`y q~`qzjyw`y-

Zmc gj lcy q~kmikqcljy ciwkrkgcgjy gj lc @ikmc ^jhk`mcl jy lc hjmj~cikm { gkzykm gj i`/mìkokjmw`y szj yk~rcm qc~c lc wòc gj gjikyk`mjy gj q`lwkicy { q~iwkicy jgzicwkrcy ~kjmwcgcyc `~wcljij~ lc iclkgcg gj lc jgzicikm jm l`y qcyjy- Jm jywj oc~i`, jl Lcn`~cw`~k` Lcwkm`coj/

~kicm` gj Jrclzcikm gj lc Iclkgcg gj lc Jgzicikm %LLJIJ+, zmgcg` jm Ikzgcg gj Ouki` jm3;;7, { i``~gkmcg` q`~ lc @^JCLIZMJYI@ Ycmwkch`, i`mywkwz{j zmc ~jg ~jhk`mcl gj ykywjocy gjjrclzcikm jgzicwkrc szj n~kmgc cq`{` wimki` c l`y qcyjy- Jmw~j 3;;: { 3;;8 jl LLJIJ ~jclkv

jl Q~koj~ Jywzgk` ^jhk`mcl Iòqc~cwkr` { Juqlkicwkr` iz{`y ~jyzlwcg`y yj gkj~`m c i`mìj~ jm

gkikjon~j gj 3;;5- Q`ywj~k`~ojmwj, i`m lc qc~wkikqcikm gj ykjwj qcyjy yj ~jclkv zmc kmrjy/wkhcikm izclkwcwkrc gj jyizjlcy i`m ~jyzlwcg`y gjywcicnljy jm jywj Q~koj~ Jywzgk`- Jmw~j l`yc`y >11> { >115, jl LLJIJ ec ~jclkvcg` jl Yjhzmg` Jywzgk` ^jhk`mcl Iòqc~cwkr` { Juqlkicwkr`

%YJÎJ+, iz{`y q~kmikqcljy ~jyzlwcg`y yj q~jyjmwcm jm jywj km`~oj- Jyqj~co`y szj yz ljiwz~cyjc wkl qc~c lc wòc gj gjikyk`mjy gj q`lwkicy { q~iwkicy jgzicwkrcy szj qj~okwcm crcmvc~ gj`~oc oy gjikgkgc ecikc zmc jgzicikm gj iclkgcg ykm juilzyk`mjy jm mzjyw~c ~jhkm-

^`yc Nlcmi`

Gk~jiw`~c, c-k-@ikmc ^jhk`mcl gj ZMJYI@ qc~c

Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knjZMJYI@ Ycmwkch`


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^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` 8

Q~jyjmwcikm

Ojf`~c~ lc iclkgcg gj lc jgzicikm ykhzj ykjmg` jl h~cm gjyc` gj l`y ykywjocy jgzicwk/

r`y gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj- L`y h`nkj~m`y w~cncfcm jm koqljojmwc~ q`lwkicy szj

qj~okwcm `~jij~ zmc jgzicikm gj iclkgcg, gkyq`mknlj qc~c w`g`y { gkyw~knzkgc gj ocmj~c

jszkwcwkrc- Nzyicm cy ~òqj~ l`y gjwj~okmkyo`y yìkcljy szj ocmwkjmjm jm gjyrjmwcfc c

l`y yjiw`~jy oy q`n~jy { h~zq`y okm`~kwc~k y jm jllcy-

Lc jrclzcikm gj lc iclkgcg jgzicwkrc gj l`y ykywjocy jgzicwkr`y mcik`mcljy, ec qj~ok/

wkg` c lcy czw`~kgcgjy wimkicy { q`lwkicy ~jrkyc~ { cmclkvc~ sz { io` yj jyw jmyjcmg`

{ q`~ ikj~w`, sz jywm cq~jmgkjmg` l`y mk`y { mkcy szj iz~ycm Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc jm lcyjyizjlcy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj-

Jm jywj oc~i`, c mcljy gj >11>, l`y qcyjy szj i`m`~ocm jl Lcn`~cw`~k` Lcwkm`/

coj~kicm` gj Jrclzcikm gj lc Iclkgcg Jgzicwkrc %LLJIJ+ gj lc @^JCLIZMJYI@ Ycmwkch`,

gjikgkj~`m gjyc~~`llc~ jl Yjhzmg` Jywzgk` ^jhk`mcl Iòqc~cwkr` { Juqlkicwkr` %YJÎJ+,

szj icqkwclkvc~c l` ejie` { cq~jmgkg` i`m jl q~koj~` %QJÎJ, 3;;5+, qj~` szj gkj~c qcy`y

~jljrcmwjy jm izcmw` c coqlkc~ jl cmlkyky c oy qcyjy, h~cg`y { ~jcy jrclzcgcy-

Gkyq`mj~ gj ~jyzlwcg`y rlkg`y, q~jiky`y { i`mcnljy y`n~j l` szj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj

Q~koc~kc jywm cq~jmgkjmg`, cy iò` gj km`~ocikm ~jljrcmwj y`n~j l`y q~kmikqcljy ci/

w`~jy cyìkcg`y c jyw`y, yj i`mywkwz{j jm jl q~`qykw` ijmw~cl gjl YJÎJ, iz{` ukw` gjnj~

~jbjfc~yj jm lc gkyizykm { zy` gj gkie`y ~jyzlwcg`y jm lcy ciik`mjy { q`lwkicy yìkcljy

{ jgzicwkrcy szj nzyszjm ojf`~c~ { `~wcljij~ lc iclkgcg gj lc jgzicikm qnlkic jm l`y

qcyjy qc~wkikqcmwjy-

Jl q~jyjmwj wjuw` jy jl ~jyzojm gjl q~ìjy`, cqlkicikm, ~jyzlwcg`y { ecllcvh`y gjl

YJÎJ- ^ji`~~j cy yzy q~`qykw`y, qj~yqjiwkrc i`mijqwzcl zwklkvcgc qc~c lc jrclzcikm

gjl ~jmgkokjmw`, l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl gjyjoqj` jm Ocwjowkic, Ljiwz~c { Ikjmikcy gj l`y

jywzgkcmwjy szj iz~ycncm 9j~ { 2 h~cg`y gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc jm >11: >1123, { l`y

q~kmikqcljy ciw`~jy szj cqc~jijm cyìkcg`y c gkie`y ~jyzlwcg`y, cy iò` koqlkicmikcy {~jiòjmgcik`mjy qc~c lcy q`lwkicy yìkcljy { jgzicwkrcy-

Jl YJÎJ jy q~`gziw` gjl jyzj~v` { iòq~òky` gj olwkqljy jszkq`y, `~hcmkvcik mjy

{ czw`~kgcgjy ~jhk`mcljy { mcik`mcljy- Jyqjikcljy ch~cgjikokjmw`y c szkjmjy ecm jywcg` jm

lc gk~jiikm gj lc @^JCLIZMJYI@ gz~cmwj lcy gkywkmwcy jwcqcy gjl YJÎJ6 Cmc Lzkvc

Ociecg` { `yc Nlcmi`, ciwzcl gk~jiw`~c c-k-4 cl Ncmi` Ozmgkcl, jl Ncmi` Kmwj~coj~kicm` gj

Gjyc~~`ll` { lc Bzmgcikm B`~g, q~kmikqcljy g`mcmwjy, q`~ lc i`mcmvc { cq`{` n~kmgcg` jm

icgc zmc gj lcy cyjy gjl jywzgk`, c l`y i``~gkmcg`~jy gjl LLJIJ jm l`y gkywkmw`y qcyjy, cy

iò` c l`y gjljhcg`y mcik`mcljy { c yzy jszkq`y- Mzjyw~`y oy ykmij~`y ch~cgjikokjmw`y cl`y gk~jiw`~jy, gìjmwjy, qcg~jy { ocg~jy, mk`y { mkcy gj lcy jyizjlcy qc~wkikqcmwjy jm jl

jywzgk`- Ykm yz i`lcn`~cikm { iòq~òky` jywc kmrjywkhcikm m` eznkj~c ykg` q`yknlj-

3 Yjhm jl icljmgc~k` jyi`lc~ gj l`y qcyjy gjl jywzgk`-


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L`y Cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y Jywzgkcmwjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj5

Jl Yjhzmg` Jywzgk` ^jhk`mcl Iòqc~cwkr` { Juqlkicwkr` %YJÎJ+ jy lc jrclzcikm gjl

gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy oy koq`~wcmwj { conkik`yc gj lcy gjyc~~`llcgcy jm Co/

~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj- Jy `~hcmkvcg` { i``~gkmcg` q`~ jl Lcn`~cw`~k` Lcwkm`coj~kicm`

gj Jrclzcikm gj lc Iclkgcg gj lc Jgzicikm %LLJIJ+ { yj jmoc~ic gjmw~` gj lcy ciik`mjy

hl`ncljy gj lc @ikmc ^jhk`mcl gj Jgzicikm gj lc ZMJYI@ qc~c Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj

%@^JCLIZMJYI@ Ycmwkch`+ wjmgkjmwjy c cyjhz~c~ jl gj~jie` gj w`g`y l`y jywzgkcmwjy

lcwkm`coj~kicm`y { ic~knj`y c ~jiknk~ zmc jgzicikm gj iclkgcg-Yz `nfjwkr` jy lc hjmj~cikm gj i`mìkokjmw` cij~ic gj l`y cq~jmgkvcfjy gj Ocwjowk/

ic, Ljmhzcfj %Ljiwz~c { Jyi~kwz~c+ { Ikjmikcy gj lc Mcwz~cljvc szj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ { 2

h~cg`y gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc ecm q`gkg` l`h~c~ c yz qcy` q`~ lcy kmywkwzik`mjy jgzicwkrcy

gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj-

Jl Yjhm Jyw ^jhmclIoqc~cwr { Juqlicwr


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^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` ;

Cgjoy gj kgjmwkic~ sz ycnjm l`y mk`y { lcy mkcy, yj ecij zm cmlkyky gj l`y

~jyzlwcg`y { yj juqlkicm c qc~wk~ gj l`y ciw`~jy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy, gj lcy czlcy { gj lcy

jyizjlcy4 i`lìcmg` zm mcyky jyqjikcl jm cszjll`y ciw`~jy yzyijqwknljy gj yj~ o`gkic/g`y i`m q~`h~cocy { q`lwkicy-

Jl YJÎJ yj i`mywkwz{j, jmw`mijy, jm zm jyzj~v` i`ljiwkr` gj l`y qcyjy qc~wkikqcmwjy,

gjnkgcojmwj i``~gkmcg`y q`~ jl jszkq` ijmw~cl gjl LLJIJ { cq`{cg`y q`~ zm Iòkw Wimk/

i` I`myzlwkr` { qcmjljy gj juqj~w`y jm icgc wjoc- Yzy q~kmikqcljy cyjy yj ecm gjyc~~`llc/

g` gjygj jn~j~` gj >117 { yj juwjmgj~m ecywc jl yjhzmg` yjojyw~j gj >115-

H^kI` 3 JMWKGCGJY QC^WKIKQCMWJY JM JL YJÎJ

Jm jl YJÎJ qc~wkikqc~`m 32 qcyjy oy jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm- Jm w`g`y

jll`y yj jrclzc~`m l`y cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 9 j~ { 2 h~cg`y gj Q~koc~kc jm

Ljmhzcfj { Ocwjowkic, okjmw~cy szj lc jrclzcikm gj Ikjmikcy gj lc Mcwz~cljvc yj lljr c

icn` jm jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 h~cg` gj mzjrj qcyjy, oy jl jywcg` gj Mzjr` Ljm- Jm w`wcl


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zj~`m jywzgkcgcy 9-12: jyizjlcy, szj jmhl`ncm 7-2>8 czlcy gj 9j~ h~cg` { 7->>8 czlcy gj

2 h~cg`- Jm jywcy jyizjlcy { czlcy yj jrclzc~`m 311-8:> jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ h~cg` { ;:->55

gj 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc>- Lc ozjyw~c ~jq~jyjmwc c ij~ic gj `mij okll`mjy gj jywzgkcmwjy gj9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc { gkjv okll`mjy gj jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc gj lc ~jhkm-

Qc~c lc jrclzcikm gj l`y gjyjoqj`y, cy iò` qc~c jl jywzgk` gj ciw`~jy cyìkcg`y,

jl YJÎJ zwklkvc zm i`mfzmw` gj kmyw~zojmw`y gkyjcg`y jyqjiicojmwj qc~c wcljy mjy-

Icgc zm` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy jrclzcg`y ~jyq`mgk lcy q~zjncy gj Ocwjowkic, Ljiwz~c {

Ikjmikcy joqljcmg` gcy gkj~jmwjy { zm wkjoq` szj gjqjmgk gj lc q~zjnc ~jmgkgc-

Lc km`~ocikm gj i`mwjuw`, yìk`gjo`h~ic, coklkc~ { qj~y`mcl, cgjoy gj q~ìjy`y

{ gkmokic jyi`lc~, yj ~ji`hk c w~cry gj izjywk`mc~k`y cqlkicg`y c l`y q~`qk`y jywzgkcm/

wjy, gìjmwjy, gk~jiw`~jy { qcg~jy gj coklkc gj lcy jyizjlcy gj lc ozjyw~c- L`y `nfjwkr`ygj icgc zm` gj jyw`y kmyw~zojmw`y yj ~jyzojm jm jl izcg~` ykhzkjmwj-

IzCg^` 3 YMWJYKY GJ L@Y KMYW^ZOJMW@Y GJ ^JI@LJIIKM GJ KMB@ÔCIKM GJL YJÎJ

Ciw~ kmyw~ojmw `nfjwr

Jywzgkcmwj Izjywk`mc~k` gjl jywzgkcmwj

Kmgchc~ y`n~j jl jmw`~m` coklkc~ { yìkìzlwz~cl, cgjoygj lc gkmokic j kmwj~ciikm jm jl czlc { lc ycwkyciikmi`m lc jyizjlc, iòqcj~`y { gìjmwjy, jmw~j `w~`y wjocy-

Gìjmwjy Izjywk`mc~k` gjl gìjmwj

Kmgchc~ y`n~j cyqjiw`y yìk`gjo`h~i`y, `~ocikmq~`jyk`mcl, i`mgkik`mjy lcn`~cljy, juqj~kjmikc gìjmwj {ycwkyciikm i`m lc jyizjlc, jmw~j w~`y-

Izjywk`mc~k y y`n~jlc jmyjcmvc

Q~`zmgkvc~ y`n~j lcy q~iwkicy qjgchhkicy jm jl h~cg`{ ~jc i`~~jyq`mgkjmwj, wcljy iò` hjywkm gjl wkjoq`,gkyq`mknklkgcg gj ~jiz~y`y jgzicwkr`y, juqjiwcwkrcy i`myzy jywzgkcmwjy, wkq` gj ciwkrkgcgjy, koqljojmwcikmiz~~kizlc~, jyw~cwjhkcy gj jrclzcikm, jmw~j `w~`y-

Gk~jiw`~jy Izjywk`mc~k` gj

gk~jiw`~jy

^ji`hj~ km`~ocikm ~jj~kgc c yzy ic~ciwj~ywkicy

qj~y`mcljy, `~ocikm { juqj~kjmikc q~`jyk`mcl, o`gjl`gj hjywkm zwklkvcg` jm lc gk~jiikm, juqjiwcwkrcy, ycwky/ciikm i`m lc jyizjlc { yzy okjon~`y, cgjoy gj `w~`ycyqjiw`y gj lc rkgc jyi`lc~-

Bkiec gjjoqcg~`mcokjmw`

^ji`qklc~ km`~ocikm y`n~j lìclkvcikm, jszkqcokjmw` jkm~cjyw~ziwz~c gj lc jyizjlc-

Qcg~jy gjBcoklkc

Izjywk`mc~k` gjcoklkc

Kmgchc~ y`n~j lcy ic~ciwj~ywkicy yìk`gjo`h~icy gjlc coklkc, cgjoy gj lc gkyq`mknklkgcg gj yj~rkik`y {~jiz~y`y ocwj~kcljy jm jl e`hc~, qc~wkikqcikm { cq`{` jmjl q~ìjy` gj jgzicikm gj l`y ekf`y { ycwkyciikm i`m lc

jyizjlc, jmw~j w~`y cyqjiw`y-

> L`y gcw`y gj lc ozjyw~c gj jywzgkcmwjy i`~~jyq`mgj cl w`wcl gj jywzgkcmwjy szj cl ojm`y ~kmgkj~`m zmc gj lcyq~zjncy gjl YJÎJ, { jywj w`wcl jy gkj~jmwj cl w`wcl gj jywzgkcmwjy jrclzcg`y jm icgc ~jc-


10/52

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` 33

Jl jywzgk` q~jyjmwc l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj g`y `~ocy

gkj~jmwjy-

Q`~ zm lcg`, ozjyw~c lcy qzmwzcik`mjy ojgkcy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy { yz rc~kcnklkgcgq`~ qcy, yjhm ~jcy { h~cg`y- Cgjoy gj o`yw~c~, qc~c icgc qcy, lcy ~jlcik`mjy

jmw~j jl q~òjgk` gj qzmwcfjy i`m jl kmh~jy` mcik`mcl qj~ iqkwc { i`m jl mgkij gj

gjykhzclgcg gj Hkmk-

Jm yjhzmg` w~okm` yj q~jyjmwcm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y c qc~wk~ gj lc gkyw~knzikm gj jy/

wzgkcmwjy jm l`y mkrjljy gj gjyjoqj` jm icgc qcy- Jywc km`~ocikm `~jij kgjcy

ilc~cy y`n~j jl q`~ijmwcfj gj jywzgkcmwjy i`m qj~ljy gj ~jmgkokjmw` ykoklc~ jm

icgc qcy-

Jl Q~koj~ ^jq`~wj gj ^jyzlwcg`y gjl YJÎJ kmilz{j zm crcmij gjl jywzgk` gj ciw`~jycyìkcg`y cl ~jmgkokjmw`, szj c~~`fc lcy q~koj~cy lzijy y`n~j lcy rc~kcnljy szj kmbz{jm jm

jl cq~jmgkvcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-


11/52

L`y Cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y Jywzgkcmwjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj3>

L`y jm`szjy gj lc Jrclzcikm gj Cq~jmgkvcfjy

Qc~c lc jrclzcikm gj l`y gjyjoqj`y gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy, jl YJÎJ zwklkv q~zjncy ~jj~k/

gcy c jljojmw`y iòzmjy gj l`y iz~~izl`y gjmw~` gj lc ~jhkm, jyw~ziwz~cgcy c qc~wk~ gjl

jm`szj gj ecnklkgcgjy qc~c lc rkgc q~ò`rkg` q`~ lc ZMJYI@-

Jywcnljij~ { ci`~gc~ jl oc~i` iz~~kizlc~ iòm gj l`y qcyjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jlIc~knj yzqzy` lc ~jrkykm, ykywjocwkvcikm { cmlkyky ~jyqjiw` gj sz jy l` szj q~jyi~knjm

l`y iz~~izl`y jm lcy gkywkmwcy ~jcy c jrclzc~ jm lc ~jhkm, c m gj lljhc~ c jywcnljij~

Ly lh~yj ly jywcmwjy


12/52


gòkmk`y i`mijqwzcljy iòzmjy c l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc gj w`g`y l`y

qcyjy qc~wkikqcmwjy9-

Lc kgjmwkicikm gj l`y i`mwjmkg`y iòzmjy, l`y jm`szjy c qc~wk~ gj l`y izcljy l`yqcyjy jrclcm jl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy { lc `~oc jm szj yw`y yj `~hcmkvcm, zj/

~`m l`y i~kwj~k`y szj hzkc~`m jl cmlkyky iz~~kizlc~, szj yk~rk gj ncyj qc~c lc jlcn`~cikm

gj lcy q~zjncy-

Q`~ `w~` lcg`, jl jm`szj gj ecnklkgcgjy qc~c lc rkgc jywcnljij cszjllcy gjyw~jvcy,

q~kmikqk`y, rcl`~jy { ciwkwzgjy szj l`y clzom`y lcwkm`coj~kicm`y gjnj~cm cq~jmgj~ { gj/

yc~~`llc~, qc~c ciwzc~ { qc~wkikqc~ qljmc { ciwkrcojmwj jm lc yìkjgcg, iò` kmgkrkgz`y {

ikzgcgcm`y- Jyw` jy, ecij~ ~jmwj c ykwzcik`mjy, wòc~ gjikyk`mjy zwklkvcmg` lc km`~ocikm

gkyq`mknlj, ~jy`lrj~ q~`nljocy, cy iò` gjjmgj~ { c~hzojmwc~ yzy qzmw`y gj rkywc, jmw~j`w~`y-

Gkyjc~ lcy q~zjncy i`mykgj~cmg` jl oc~i` iz~~kizlc~ iòm { q`mkjmg` mcyky jm lcy

ecnklkgcgjy qc~c lc rkgc, gjycc lc jmyjcmvc c k~ oy cll gj lc nyszjgc gjl ukw` jm lc

jyizjlc { `~jij~ cy jyqcik`y { cq~jmgkvcfjy szj q~òzjrcm { cyjhz~jm zmc ojf`~ iclkgcg

gj rkgc qj~y`mcl { yìkcl c l`y jywzgkcmwjy-

Lcy q~zjncy gjl YJÎJ jrclcm m` yl` l`y ycnj~jy cq~jmgkg`y q`~ l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj

9j~ { 2 h~cg`y gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc, ykm` wconkm jl zy` ` cqlkicikm szj l`y jywzgkcmwjy

ecijm ` qzjgjm ecij~ gj gkie`y ycnj~jy, qc~c iòq~jmgj~ j kmwj~q~jwc~ jl ozmg` jm zmc

rc~kjgcg gj ykwzcik`mjy { i`mwjuw`y gj lc rkgc gj w`g`y l`y gcy-

Lcy q~jhzmwcy gj lcy q~zjncy yj `~hcmkvc~`m jm yjky izcgj~mkll`y gkj~jmwjy, l` szj

jm yz i`mfzmw` qj~okwk izn~k~ jl w`wcl gj l`y gòkmk`y gjl oc~i` gj ~jj~jmikc gj lcy

q~zjncy-

Lc kmilzykm gj q~jhzmwcy cnkj~wcy, qj~okwk cl jywzgkcmwj i`myw~zk~ yz ~jyqzjywc, { c

qc~wk~ gj jywc i`myw~ziikm, zj q`yknlj cmclkvc~ lcy jyw~cwjhkcy yjhzkgcy q`~ jl jywzgkcmwj

qc~c ~jyq`mgj~ c lc q~jhzmwc- Cy iò` jl h~cg` jm szj jl jywzgkcmwj yj ec cq~`qkcg` gj

ciwkwzgjy, q~ìjgkokjmw`y { rcl`~jy, wcmw` iò` jl gjyc~~`ll` gj o`g`y gj qjmycokjmw`-

Lcy q~jhzmwcy kmilzkgcy y`m oz{ gkrj~ycy jm izcmw` c lc ocmj~c gj q~jyjmwc~ lc km/`~ocikm6

Q`~ zm lcg`, yj izjmwc i`m q~jhzmwcy g`mgj yj jmw~jhc km`~ocikm jm wjuw`y jy/

i~kw`y, { q`~ `w~`, lcy q~jhzmwcy q~jyjmwcm km`~ocikm jm izcg~`y, ~jlcw`y, h~icy

` gknzf`y-

Cgjoy, yj q~jyjmwcm l`y i`mwjmkg`y jm ykwzcik`mjy i`wkgkcmcy q~ukocy c l`y jywz/

gkcmwjy, qc~c q`mj~ gj ocmkjyw` lc zmik`mclkgcg { zwklkgcg gj l`y cq~jmgkvcfjy-

Q`~ `w~` lcg`, qc~c jrclzc~ sz ycnjm l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj yji`miknkj~`m g`y gkojmyk`mjy6 l`y gòkmk`y i`mijqwzcljy ` ycnj~jy jyqjii`y gj icgc ~jc {

9 Hzcwjoclc yj kmi`~q`~ cl jywzgk` gjyqzy gj i`milzkg` jl cmlkyky iz~~kizlc~, q`~ jyc ~cvm m` yj hc~cmwkvc szjec{c zmc i`mi`~gcmikc w`wcl jmw~j l`y i`mwjmkg`y iz~~kizlc~jy gj jywj qcy i`m cszjll`y yjljiik`mcg`y qc~c lcyq~zjncy-


13/52


l`y q~ìjy`y i`hmkwkr`y, jmwjmgkg`y iò` lcy `qj~cik`mjy ojmwcljy szj jl jywzgkcmwj ~jclkvc

qc~c jywcnljij~ ~jlcik`mjy i`m { jmw~j l`y nfjw`y, lcy ykwzcik`mjy { l`y jmojm`y-

IzCg^` > G@OKMK@Y I@MIJQWZCLJY [ Q^@IJY@Y KOQLKICG@Y JM ICGC Q^ZJNC GJL

YJÎJ

~jc gomy Imijqwcljy Q~ijyy

Ocwjowkic Mzo~ki` ji`mìkokjmw` gj nfjw`y { jljojmw`y Y`lzikm gj q~`nljocy ykoqljy Y`lzikm gj q~`nljocy iòqljf`y

Hjòw~ki`

Gj lc OjgkikmW~cwcokjmw` gj lckm`~ocikm

Rc~kcik`mcl

Ljiwz~c Juwjmykm gjl wjuw` ljg` Q~ìjy`y hjmj~cljy Q~ìjy`y ~jlcwkr`y c wjuw`y jyqjii`y Q~ìjy`y ojwclkmhywki`yIlcyj { hmj~` gjl wjuw`

Ikjmikcy gj lcMcwz~cljvc

Yj~jy rkr`y { yclzg ji`mìkokjmw` gj i`mijqw`y Kmwj~q~jwcikm { cqlkicikm gj i`mijqw`y Y`lzikm gj q~`nljocy

Wkj~~c { conkjmwj

Ocwj~kc { jmj~hc

Clhzm`y jfjoql`y gj l`y wjoy zwklkvcg`y y`m l`y szj ykhzjm6


14/52

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` 3:

Mrjl k- Ocwjowic 9j~h~c

Jfjoql 3- Lkn~`y rjmgkg`y q`~ ojy

iec jfjoql 3H~cg` 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Mkrjl gj Gjyjoqj` K

Gòkmk` i`mijqwzcl W~cwcokjmw` gj lc km`~ocikm

Q~ìjy` ^ji`mìkokjmw` gj nfjw`y { jljojmw`y

Ciikm wc~jc Kmwj~q~jwc~ km`~ocikm gk~jiwc q~jyjmwcgc jmzm h~i` gj nc~~cy

^jyqzjywc i`~~jiwc C6 Jmj~`

Gkizlwcg 73>,1>Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy i`~~jiwcy 8:,27*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy gj l`y gkyw~ciw ~jy N6 ;,13*I6 2,32*G6 2,1>*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy kmrlkgcy 9,38*


15/52


Mrjl kR- Ocwjowic 9j~h~c

Jfjoql >- Yjizjmikc mzo~kic

iec jfjoql 7H~cg` 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Mkrjl gj Gjyjoqj` KR

Gòkmk` i`mijqwzcl Rc~kcik`mcl

Q~ìjy` Y`lzikm gj q~`nljocy iòqljf`y

Ciikm wc~jc c ~jclkvc~ Kgjmwkic~ lc ~jhlc gj `~ocikm gj zmc yj/izjmikc mzo~kic cgkwkrc q`~ yz jmzmikcg`

^jyqzjywc i`~~jiwc I6 Yj ch~jhc~`m 911 zmkgcgjy icgc rjv

Gkizlwcg 2>;,12

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy i`~~jiwcy 91,7:*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy gj l`y gkyw~ciw ~jy C6 >7,;:*N6 >3,3;*G6 3:,;5*



16/52


Mrjl kk- Ljiw~c 2 h~c

Jfjoql 9- Icncll` yjizmgc~k`

iec jl jfjoql 9H~cg` 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Mkrjl gj gjyjoqj` KK

Gòkmk`y Juwjmykm6 Wjuw` iòqljw`

Ilcyj gj wjuw` { hmj~`6 Mc~~cikm4 izjmw` wkq`kmw~`gziikm/mzg`/gjyjmlcij

Q~ìjy`y Hjmj~cl6 Kgjmwkic~ km`~ocikm yjizmgc~kcJyqjii`6 Gkj~jmikc~ rìjy jm lc mc~~cikmOjwclkmhywki`6 Mkmhzm`

Ciikm wc~jc ^ji`mìj~ jl cw~knzw` gj zm qj~y`mcfj yjhm l` gkie` q`~`w~`

^jyqzjywc i`~~jiwc N6 kmwjlkhjmwj

Gkizlwcg 792,2;

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy i`~~jiwcy 87,;:*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy gj l`y

gkyw~ciw`~jy

C6 :,7:*

I6 2,1;*G6 33,>5*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy kmrlkgcy >,>9*


17/52


Mrjl kR- Ljiw~c 2 h~c

Jfjoql 7- Wwzl` { qc~wjy gj lc mc~~cikm

iec jl jfjoql 7H~cg` 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Mkrjl gj gjyjoqj` KR

Gòkmk`y Juwjmykm6 Wjuw` ~jlcwkrcojmwj juwjmy`

Ilcyj gj wjuw` { hmj~`6 Juqlkicikm { mc~~cikm6 lj{jmgcQ~ìjy`y Hjmj~cl6 Cyìkc~ zmc ymwjyky i`m l` ykmwjwkvcg`

Jyqjii`6 Kgjmwkic~ sz qc~wj gjl wjuw` mc~~cwkr` jyykmwjwkvcgc q`~ jl wwzlÒjwclkmhywki`6 I`mìj~ jl ykhmkicg` gj wwzl` { gj l`ymòn~jy gj lcy qc~wjy gj lc mc~~cikm

Ciikm wc~jc Kgjmwkic~ sz qc~wj gjl wjuw` jy ykmwjwkvcgc q`~ jl wwzl`,gkyi~kokmmg lc gj lcy `w~cy qc~wjy, mòn~cgcy w`gcy i`mzy` gj ojwcljmhzcfj

^jyqzjywc i`~~jiwc N6 Jl i`mbkiw`

Gkizlwcg :;;,2>9

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy i`~~jiwcy 9:,88*Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy gj l`ygkyw~ciw`~jy

C6 >>,;;*

I6 35,28*

G6 35,;:*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy kmrlkgcy 9,2>*


18/52

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` 3;

Mrjl kk- Ijmicy 2 h~c

Jfjoql :- Gjyc{zm` jszklkn~cg`

iec jfjoql >H~cg` 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Mkrjl gj gjyjoqj` KK

Gòkmk` i`mijqwzcl Yj~jy rkr`y { yclzg

Q~ìjy` ^ji`mìkokjmw` { cqlkicikm gj i`mijqw`y

Ciikm wc~jc c ~jclkvc~ Jl clzom` gjnj yj~ icqcv gj ~ji`mìj~ i`mijqw`y kmr`lzi~c/g`y { cqlkic~ c zmc ykwzcikm coklkc~ { i`wkgkcmc

^jyqzjywc i`~~jiwc C6 B~zwc, ljiej { qcm

Gkizlwcg 7;:,21

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy i ~~jiwcy :2,35*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy gj l`ygkyw~ciw`~jy

N6 93,>;*

I6 :,89*

G6 :,88*



19/52

L`y Cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y Jywzgkcmwjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj>1

Mrjl kR- Ijmicy 2 h~c

Jfjoql 2- Lc Lzmc

iec jfjoql 2H~cg` 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Mkrjl gj gjyjoqj` KR

Gòkmk` i`mijqwzcl Wkj~~c { conkjmwj

Q~ìjy` Y`lzikm gj Q~`nljocy

Ciikm wc~jc c ~jclkvc~ Ocmjfc~ i`mijqw`y ~jj~kg`y c lc zj~vc gj h~crjgcg { zwk/lkvc~l`y cgjizcgcojmwj qc~c ~jy`lrj~ lc ykwzcikm q~`nljocq~jyjmwcgc

^jyqzjywc i`~~jiwc G6 ec{ qìc zj~vc gj h~crjgcg

Gkizlwcg 5>>,7:Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy i`~~jiwcy 35,98*

Q`~ijmwcfj gj ~jyqzjywcy gj l`ygkyw~ciw`~jy

C6 91,9;*

N6 39,;9*

I6 99,;8*



20/52

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` >3

Q~jyjmwcim j ^jylwcy

L`y ~jyzlwcg`y yj q~jyjmwcm, q`~ icgc h~cg` { ~jc, gj lcy ykhzkjmwjy `~ocy6

Qzmwzcik`mjy q~òjgk` { rc~kcnklkgcg qc~c icgc zm` gj l`y qcyjy, i`m zmc jyiclcc~nkw~c~kc gj ojgkc :11 { 311 gj gjyrkcikm jywmgc~- ywc m` wkjmj mkmhm ykhmk/

icg` jm w~okm`y gj cq~`nc~ ` m` cq~`nc~-

Mkrjljy gj gjyjoqj , szj ilcykicm c l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj cizj~g` c l` szj y`m

icqcijy gj ecij~-

Iòqc~cik`mjy gj jywzgkcmwjy jm i`mwjuw`y z~ncm` { ~z~cl, cgjoy gj cmlkyky q`~

hmj~`-

Lc ~jlcikm jmw~j l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj cq~jmgkvcfj { jl q~`gziw` kmwj~m` n~zw` qj~

iqkwc gj icgc qcy { lc gkyw~knzikm gjl kmh~jy`, zycmg` jl mgkij gj Hkmk-

L`y Cq~jmgkvcfjy jm 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

Ocwjowic

Jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj Ocwjowkic qc~c jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ h~cg` yj nyj~rcm koq`~wcmwjy

gkj~jmikcy jmw~j l`y qcyjy- Jm jjiw`, jukywj zmc gkj~jmikc oc{`~ c >:1 qzmw`y jmw~j

lcy mcik`mjy szj yj jmizjmw~cm jm jl juw~jo` yzqj~k`~ j kmj~k`~ gj ~jmgkokjmw`, l` szj

jszkrclj c oy gj >,: gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~- Ykm jonc~h`, cl iòqc~c~ jmw~j jl yjhzmg` {

jl qjmlwko` qcy, lc gkj~jmikc jy cl~jgjg`~ gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~- Jyw` koqlkic szj

ec{ oc{`~ eò`hjmjkgcg jmw~j l`y qcyjy szj m` jywm jm l`y juw~jo`y gj ~jmgkokjmw`-

Jl cmlkyky hl`ncl gj l`y ~jyzlwcg`y ecij q`yknlj ilcykic~ c l`y qcyjy jm ikmi` h~zq`y,

gj cizj~g` c yz gkj~jmikc i`m jl q~òjgk` gj l`y qcyjy6

Qcyjy i`m zmc ojgkc gj qzmwzcik`mjy jm Ocwjowkic oz{ yzqj~k`~ cl q~òjgk`

%i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj oy gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~+4 yj w~cwc, y`lcojmwj, gjl

icy` gj Iznc-

Qcyjy i`m qzmwzcik`mjy ojgkcy yzqj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` gj lc ~jhkm, qj~` ojm`~jyszj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~6 Ieklj, I`ywc ^kic, Ouki` { Z~zhzc{, fzmw` i`m jl

jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm-

Qcyjy khzcljy cl q~òjgk`, jy gjik~, ykm gkj~jmikcy jywcgywkicojmwj ykhmkicwkrcy

i`m l6 C~hjmwkmc, N~cykl { I`lònkc `~ocm jywj h~zq`-

Qcyjy iz{c qzmwzcikm ojgkc jm Ocwjowkic, 9j~ h~cg`, jy kmj~k`~ cl q~òjgk`

%i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj ojm`y gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~+6 Hzcwjoclc, Jizcg`~, Jl

Yclrcg`~, Mkic~chzc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~ { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc7&-

C mkrjl ~jhk`mcl, jm Ocwjowkic gj 9j~

h~cg` lcy gkj~jmikcy gj gjyjoqj` jmw~j l`yqj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1, clicmvc l`y >73 qzmw`y, i`m ik~cy szj bziwcm jmw~j l`y 32: { l`y 973

qzmw`y jm Mkic~chzc { Iznc, ~jyqjiwkrcojmwj-

& Gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy i`m :* gj j~~`~, gj cizj~g` i`m zmcq~zjncwgj iòqc~cikm gj ojgkcy-


21/52

L`y Cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y Jywzgkcmwjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj>>

H^kI` > Q^@OJGK@ [ RC^KCNKLKGCG GJ LCY QZMWZCIK@MJY JM OCWJOWKIC GJ L@Y

JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM ICGC QCY

LKKI6 Lokwj Kmj~k`~ gjl Kmwj~rcl` gj I`mcmvc i`m zm c? 1,1:-LYKI6 Lokwj Yzqj~k`~ gjl Kmwj~rcl` gj I`mcmvc i`m zm c? 1,1:-Lcy nc~~cy ~jq~jyjmwcm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl 51* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj icgc qcy szj yj jmizjmw~cmjmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1- Jy gjik~, jl juw~jo` gj~jie` gj icgc nc~~c ~jq~jyjmwc jlqzmwcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy szj yj znkicm jm jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 { jl juw~jo` kvszkj~g`, jl gj l`y szjjywm jm jl 31- C oc{`~ gkywcmikc jmw~j jyw`y g`y qzmw`y, oc{`~ rc~kcnklkgcg jm l`y gjyjoqj`ygj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-Lc ojgkc yj kgjmwkic i`m lc lmjc nlcmic ijmw~cl- Jl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc, i`~~jyq`mgj c lclmjc oy `yiz~c szj ~`gjc lc ojgkc { juq~jyc l`y rcl`~jy q`yknljy gj jywc-

Fzmw` i`m Iznc, l`y qcyjy szj q~jyjmwcm oc{`~jy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j yzy qj~ijmwkljy 31

{ ;1 y`m Qc~chzc{ { N~cykl i`m >:5 { >7: qzmw`y gj gkj~jmikc, ~jyqjiwkrcojmwj-

Q`~ `w~` lcg`, qcyjy szj ozjyw~cm lcy ojm`~jy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j yzy qj~ijmwkljy 31 {

;1 y`m, Qcmco, Jl Yclrcg`~ { Hzcwjoclc szj ~`mgcm l`y 351 qzmw`y-


22/52


IzCg^` 9 GJYI^KQIKM GJ L@Y MKRJLJY GJ GJYJOQJ@ GJ L@Y JYWZGKCMWJY GJ

9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM OCWJOWKIC [ Q@ÎJMWCFJ GJ JYWZGKCMWJY JM

ICGC ZM@ GJ JLL@Y

MrjlQmwy

j i~wj

* jJywcmwjy gjyi~qim

KR

2>3,25

33,>9* ji`m ijm lc ~jhlc gj `~ocikm gj zmc yjizjmikc mzo~kic jkgjmwkicm yz jmzmikcg`-

jyzjlrjm ykwzcik`mjy q~`nljowkicy jm jl icoq` ozlwkqlkicwkr`szj kmr`lzi~cm zmc kmihmkwc jm zm` gj l`y ciw`~jy ` szj ~jszkj/~jm cqlkic~ jszkrcljmikc jmw~j ojgkgcy zyzcljy gj l`mhkwzg-

L`y jywzgkcmwjy kgjmwkicm zm jljojmw` jm zm qlcm` nkgkojmyk`/

mcl { lcy q~`qkjgcgjy gj l`y lcg`y gj zm izcg~cg` ` ~jiwmhzl`qc~c ~jy`lrj~ zm q~`nljoc-

KKK

::5,:7

37,91* jyzjlrjm q~ nljocy jm jl icoq` ozlwkqlkicwkr` ` szj kmilz{jmzmc jizcikm cgkwkrc ` szj ~jszkj~jm g`y `qj~cik`mjy-

^jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy jm jl icoq` cgkwkr` i`m zmkgcgjy gj ojgkgc{ yzy jszkrcljmikcy szj kmilz{jm ~ciik`mjy zyzcljy-

^ji`mìjm lc ~jhlc gj `~ocikm gj zmc yjizjmikc h~ic `mzo~kic cgkwkrc qc~c q`gj~ i`mwkmzc~lc-

L`y clzom`y kgjmwkicm jljojmw`y gj hz~cy hjòw~kicy m`zyzcljy j kmwj~q~jwcm gkywkmw`y wkq`y gj h~i`y qc~c juw~cj~ km/`~ocikm { ~jy`lrj~ q~`nljocy szj koqlkicm qj~c~ i`m l`y gcw`y-

KK

75;,13

>5,>2* L y jywzgkcmwjy ~ji`mìjm lc ~hcmkvcikm gjikocl { q`ykik`mcl gjlykywjoc gj mzoj~cikm { l`y jljojmw`y gj hz~cy hjòw~kicy-

Kgjmwkicm zm ~ji`~~kg` jm zm qlcm` { lc zmkgcg gj ojgkgc ` jlkmyw~zojmw` oy cq~`qkcg` qc~c ojgk~ zm cw~knzw` gj zm `nfjwì`mìkg`-

Kmwj~q~jwcm wcnlcy { izcg~`y qc~c juw~cj~ km`~ocikm { iòqc~c~gcw`y-

jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy jm jl icoq` cgkwkr` szj ~jszkj~jm zmcozlwkqlkicikm i`m yjmwkg` gj q~`q`~ik`mclkgcg jm jl icoq` gj l`ymoj~`y mcwz~cljy-

K

9;3,:1

92,19* L`y clzom y ~ji`mìjm lc ~jlcikm gj `~gjm jmw~j moj~ y

mcwz~cljy { lcy hz~cy hjòw~kicy zyzcljy gj g`y gkojmyk`mjy jmgknzf`y ykoqljy- Lìclkvcm q`ykik`mjy ~jlcwkrcy gj zm nfjw` jm zmc ~jq~jyjmwcikm

jyqcikcl- Kmwj~q~jwcm wcnlcy { h~i`y qc~c juw~cj~ km`~ocikm gk~jiwc-

Gjncf`gj K

31,3;* L`y jywzgkcmwjy jm jywj mkrjl m` y`m icqcijy gj l h~c~ lcy ecnklk/gcgjy jukhkgcy q`~ jl mkrjl K

Wcl iò` yj `nyj~rc jm jl izcg~` 9 zm 31,>* gj jywzgkcmwjy m` l`h~c ~jclkvc~ lcy wc/

~jcy i`~~jyq`mgkjmwjy cl mkrjl oy ncf`- Jywj h~zq` gj mk`y { mkcy szj, jm jl i`mfzmw`

gj qcyjy cmclkvcg`y yzqj~c jl okllm gj jywzgkcmwjy, ~jszkj~j lc oy z~hjmwj { cgjizcgccwjmikm q`~ yzy ncf`y mkrjljy gj cq~jmgkvcfj- Jm jl izcg~` 7 yj gjyi~knj lc gkyw~knzikm gj

l`y jywzgkcmwjy q`~ mkrjl gj gjyjoqj` jm icgc qcy-

Iznc jy jl qcy i`m ojf`~jy gjyjoqj`y, {c szj jl :7,92* gj yzy jywzgkcmwjy clicmvcm

jl Mkrjl KR-


23/52


Jm Ieklj, I`ywc ^kic, Ouki`, Z~zhzc{ { Mzjr` Ljm, oy gj zm wj~ik` gj yzy clzom`y

yj znkic jm l`y Mkrjljy KKK { KR-

Zmc izc~wc qc~wj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj N~cykl { C~hjmwkmc yj znkicm jm l`y mkrjljy KKK{ KR- Jm jl ~jyw` gj l`y qcyjy ojm`y gj lc izc~wc qc~wj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy clicmvcm l`y

mkrjljy KKK { KR-

Gjncf` gjl mkrjl K yj ykwc jl 73,>5* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc, {

jmw~j 37* { 38* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy jm Jizcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{ { Qj~-

IzCg^` 7 Q@ÎJMWCFJ GJ JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC Q@^ MKRJL GJ

GJYJOQJ@ JM OCWJOWKIC JM ICGC QCY

Qcy gjncf j k k kk kkk kRC~hjmwkmc 31,72 9>,88 93,39 3:,38 31,78

N~cykl 31,9> 92,:: >2,87 37,9> 3>,18

Ieklj :,31 >8,;1 99,21 3;,98 37,1>

I`lònkc 5,:8 95,21 99,3; 3>,;8 2,28

I`ywc kic >,2> >7,77 98,11 >>,91 39,2:

Iznc 3,1; 31,3; 32,;: 38,73 :7,92

Jizcg`~ 37,97 7:,75 >5,3> 8,;3 7,37

Jl Yclrcg`~ 31,93 7:,11 93,51 ;,>: 9,27Hzcwjoclc 38,97 :1,12 >:,18 :,72 >,15

Ouki` :,3: >5,5: 91,81 3;,83 3:,:;

Mkic~chzc 3>,31 78,;: 91,:1 8,7; 3,;8

Qcmco 3:,;5 7;,2; >:,3: 2,7> >,8:

Qc~chzc{ 3:,58 98,55 >:,:1 33,:2 ;,>1

Qj~ 3:,>7 7:,7> >:,;: 5,23 7,88

^- Gòkmkicmc 73,>5 7;,>8 5,7; 1,57 1,39

Z~zhzc{ :,85 >:,;: 91,19 3;,>; 35,;:

Mzjr` Ljm >,97 35,7: 93,2; >7,73 >9,33

Wwcl CL { I 31,3; 92,19 >5,>2 37,91 33,>9

M`wc6 L`y jywzgkcmwjy gjncf` gj K y`m cszjll`y szj m` l`h~cm lljhc~ cl mkrjl K-

Lc znkicikm gj lc jyizjlc hjmj~c wconkm gkj~jmikcy jm jl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywz/

gkcmwjy gj lc ~jhkm- Cy, wcl iò` yj nyj~rc jm jl izcg~ :, l`y mk`y { mkcy szj cykywjm

c jyizjlcy ~z~cljy jm Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj `nwkjmjm gjyjoqj`y oy ncf`y szj l`y

szj i`miz~~jm c jyizjlcy joqlcvcgcy jm jl onkw` z~ncm`:7-

7 Lcy gjmkik mjy gj v`mc ~z~cl m y`m jyw~kiwcojmwj iòqc~cnljy jmw~j qcyjy- Qc~c kgjmwkic~ lcy jyizjlcy iò`~z~cljy yj zy lc gjmkikm rkhjmwj jm icgc qcy- Q`~ l` wcmw`, l`y gcw`y gjl w`wcl gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knjy`m zmc cq~ùkocikm hjmj~cl szj gjnj wòc~yj i`m lcy gjnkgcy ~jyj~rcy gcgcy lcy gkj~jmwjy gjmkik`mjy gj~z~clkgcg-


24/52

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` >:

L`y qcyjy i`m oc{`~jy gkyqc~kgcgjy z~ncm`/~z~cljy y`m Qj~, N~cykl { Ouki`- Iznc,

Mkic~chzc { Qc~chzc{ m` ozjyw~cm gkj~jmikcy jywcgywkicojmwj ykhmkicwkrcy jm jl q~òj/

gk` szj `nwkjmjm l`y jywzgkcmwjy ~z~cljy { z~ncm`y-

IzCg^` : GKBJ^JMIKC GJ QZMWCFJY Q^@OJGK@ JMW^J JYIZJLCY Z^NCMCY [ ^Z^CLJY

[ YJHM HMJ^@- OCWJOWKIC 9j~ H^CG@

Qcy gj~jmic z~ncm ~cl gj~jmic Mc MC~hjmwkmc 71,1;& /3,7>

N~cykl 2>,38& 3,;3

Ieklj 99,>;& /39,98&I`lònkc >2,>;& /5,>2&

I`ywc ^kic >;,>:& /31,51&

Iznc 8,8; 7,78

Jizcg`~ >1,81& 1,::

Jl Yclrcg`~ 9;,;>& /31,;1&

Hzcwjoclc 71,18& /2,;5&

Ouki` 79,13& 1,1;

Mkic~chzc /3,3: /3>,8>&

Qcmco >>,73& :,:9

Qc~chzc{ 38,;3 >,93Qj~ 2;,55& /;,>1&

^- Gòkmkicmc 38,21& 3>,22&

Z~zhzc{ 93,8>& 1,>5

Mzjr` Ljm >5,25& /9,;>

Wwcl CL { I / /3,>:

& Ykhmkicwkrc c zm mkrjl gj i`mcmvc gj :*-

Jm w~okm`y gjhmj~`, c mkrjl ~jhk`mcl, m` yj `nyj~rcm gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy jm lcojgkc gj lcy qzmwzcik`mjy jm Ocwjowkic gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc- Jywj

~jyzlwcg` hl`ncl, ykm jonc~h`, ìzlwc koq`~wcmwjy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j qcyjy6

Jm C~hjmwkmc, N~cykl, Iznc, Jizcg`~, Ouki`, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Z~zhzc{ { jl jywc/

g` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm, lcy gkj~jmikcy q`~ hmj~` m` y`m ykhmkicwkrcy-

Ieklj, I`lònkc, I`ywc kic, Jl Yclrcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc { Qj~ q~jyjmwcm gk/

j~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy { ywcy kmgkicm szj y`m l`y mk`y szkjmjy clicmvcm oc{`~jy

gjyjoqj`y szj lcy mkcy jm Ocwjowkic-

Iò` icy` juijqik`mcl, jm ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc lcy mkcy `nwkjmjm oy clwcyqzmwzcik`mjy szj l`y mk`y-

L`y cmlkyky gj lc ~jlcikm gjl ~jmgkokjmw` i`m lcq~`gziikm gj icgc qcy { i`m lcy

gjykhzclgcgjy jm lc gkyw~knzikm gjl kmh~jy` qj~okwjm rj~ lcy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j qcyjy-


25/52


Jukywj zmc i`~~jlcikm jmw~j jl q~òjgk` gj lcy qzmwzcik`mjy jm Ocwjowkic gj l`y

clzom`y gj 9j~ h~cg` gj zm qcy { yz QKN qj~ iqkwc- Jm i`mi~jw`, >5,98* gj lc rc~kcmvc

gjl ~jmgkokjmw` q~òjgk` gj l`y qcyjy jy juqlkicg` q`~ jywj kmgkicg`~ ji`moki`-Lc ~jlcikm jmw~j l`y ~jyzlwcg`y { jl mgkij gj Hkmk iò` kmgkicg`~ gj gkyw~knzikm gjl

kmh~jy` jy khzclojmwj ykhmkicwkrc, czmszj kmrj~yc, jy gjik~ szj c oc{`~ gjykhzclgcg

gj l`y qcyjy yj jmizjmw~c ~jyzlwcg`y oy ncf`y jm lc q~zjnc gj Ocwjowkic gj 9j~ h~cg`

gj Q~koc~kc- Jl i`jikjmwj gj Hkmk l`h~c juqlkic~ 38,12* gj lc rc~kcmvc gjl gjyjoqj`

q~òjgk` jm Ocwjowkic gj l`y qcyjy-

Ljiw~c

Cl khzcl szj jm Ocwjowkic, jukywjm koq`~wcmwjy gkj~jmikcy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj l`yqcyjy- Cy, lc gkj~jmikc jmw~j jl qcy i`m oc{`~jy ~jmgkokjmw`y { cszjl szj clicmvc l`y

~jyzlwcg`y oy ncf`y, lljhc c >,9 gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~, jy gjik~ c zm`y >91 qzmw`y- Ykm

jonc~h`, lc gkj~jmikc jmw~j jl yjhzmg` { jl qjmlwko` qcy jy gj 3,3: gjyrkcik`mjy jywm/

gc~, l` szj ~jq~jyjmwc zmc gkyw~knzikm clh` oy eò`hmjc gj l`y ~jyzlwcg`y-

Gcgc lc h~cm gkyqc~kgcg szj yj `nyj~rc wcmw` jm l`y q~òjgk`y gj lcy mcik`mjy iò` jm

yz gkyqj~ykm kmwj~mc, yj kgjmwkic~`m ikmi` h~zq`y gj qcyjy, jm zmikm gjl ~jmgkokjmw`

q~òjgk` gj yzy jywzgkcmwjy-

Qcyjy iz{` gjyjoqj` q~òjgk` jy oz{ yzqj~k`~ c lc ojgkc gj l`y qc~wkikqcmwjy

jm jl YJÎJ { i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj oy gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~- Yj w~cwc gjl

icy` gj Iznc-

Qcyjy i`m gjyjoqj`y yzqj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` gj l`y qc~wkikqcmwjy gjl YJÎJ {

iz{c gkywcmikc jy gj ojm`y gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~- Jl h~zq` jyw `~ocg` q`~

C~hjmwkmc, Ieklj, I`lònkc, I`ywc ^kic, Ouki` { Z~zhzc{, cy iò` q`~ jl jywcg`

ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm-

Qcyjy i`m gjyjoqj`y i`m zmc qzmwzcikm ojgkc jywcgywkicojmwj khzcl cl q~`/

ojgk` ~jhk`mcl6 N~cykl { Jl Yclrcg`~-

Qcyjy i`m gjyjoqj`y iz{cy qzmwzcik`mjy y`m kmj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` gj l`y qc~wk/ikqcmwjy gjl YJÎJ, { i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~ ojm`y gj jywj-

Csz yj jmizjmw~cm znkicg`y Jizcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{,

Qj~ { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc2&-



26/52


H^kI` 9 Q^@OJGK@ [ RC^KCNKLKGCG GJ LCY QZMWZCIK@MJY JM LJIWZ^C GJ L@Y

JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM ICGC QCY

LKKI6 Lokwj kmj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c? 1,1:-LYKI6 Lokwj yzqj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c ? 1,1:-Lcy nc~~cy ~jq~jyjmwcm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl 51* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj icgc qcy szj yj jmizjmw~cmjmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1- Jy gjik~, jl juw~jo` gj~jie` gj icgc nc~~c ~jq~jyjmwc jlqzmwcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy szj yj znkicm jm jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 { jl juw~jo` kvszkj~g`, jl gj l`y szjjywm jm jl 31- C oc{`~ gkywcmikc jmw~j jyw`y g`y qzmw`y, oc{`~ rc~kcnklkgcg jm l`y gjyjoqj`ygj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-Lc ojgkc yj kgjmwkic i`m lc lmjc nlcmic ijmw~cl- Jl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc, i`~~jyq`mgj c lclmjc oy `yiz~c szj ~`gjc lc ojgkc { juq~jyc l`y rcl`~jy q`yknljy gj jywc-

Jm lc q~zjnc gj Ljiwz~c gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc, lcy gkj~jmikcy jm jl gjyjoqj` jmw~j

l`y jywzgkcmwjy gjl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 gj ~jmgkokjmw` jm icgc qcy `yiklcm jmw~j

l`y >15 { >7> qzmw`y, c juijqikm gj l`y icy`y gj Iznc { Mkic~chzc-

Iznc q~jyjmwc lc oc{`~ gkyqj~ykm gj ~jyzlwcg`y, qzjy lc gkywcmikc jmw~j l`y jy/

wzgkcmwjy gj l`y qj~ijmwkljy yzfjw`y c iòqc~cikm jy gj >;: qzmw`y, czmszj l`y

clzom`y gj ojm`~ gjyjoqj` jm Iznc `nwkjmjm qzmwzcik`mjy ykoklc~jy cl q~òj/

gk` gj l`y qcyjy-

Mkic~chzc, q`~ yz qc~wj q~jyjmwc zmc ncfc gkyqj~ykm gj ~jyzlwcg`y i`m gkj~jmikcy

jmw~j l`y clzom`y gj l`y juw~jo`y, szj cqjmcy yzqj~cm l`y 359 qzmw`y- Hzcwjoclc, Qj~ { Jl Yclrcg`~, ozjyw~cm zmc gkyqj~ykm o`gj~cgc, {c szj lcy gkj/

~jmikcy jmw~j yzy juw~jo`y bziwcm jmw~j l`y >15 { l`y >>1 qzmw`y-

L`y gìj qcyjy ~jywcmwjy q~jyjmwcm gkj~jmikcy jmw~j yz q~koj~ { lwko` gjikl szj

rcm gjygj l`y >>7 c l`y >73 qzmw`y-


27/52


IzCg^` 2 GJYI^KQIKM GJ L@Y MKRJLJY GJ GJYJOQJ@ JM LJIWZ^C GJ L@Y

JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC

MrjlQmwy

j i~wj


KR

298,7;

5,73* Kmwjh~c~ { hjmj~clkvc~ km ~ocikm gkyw~knzkgc jm zm q~~c ` jml`y igkh`y rj~ncl { h~i`4

jq`mj~ km`~ocikm m` juqlikwc4 Q~`yjhzk~ jl wjuw` znkicmg` jm l km`~ocikm mzjrc4 Iòq~jmgj~ w~cgziik`mjy gj zm igkh` c `w~` %mzo~ki` c rj~ncl,

rj~ncl c h~i`+

KKK

::>,37

>3,29* Lìclkvc~ km ~ocikm yjqc~mg lc gj w~c, ij~icmc4

Kmwj~q~jwc~ ~j`~ozlcik`mjy szj ykmwjwkvcm clhzm`y gcw`y4 Kmj~k~ km`~ocikm cq`{mg`yj jm jl i`mìkokjmw` gjl ozmg`4 Gkyi~kokmc~ zm ykhmkicg` jm qclcn~cy szj wkjmjm rc~k`y, ncymg`/

yj jm jl wjuw`

KK

723,9>

98,87* Lìclkvc~ km ~ocikm jm ojgk gj zm wjuw` n~jrj { szj m gjnjyj~ gkywkmhzkgc gj `w~cy km`~ocik`mjy i`mijqwzclojmwj ij~icmcy4

Gkyi~kokmc~ qclcn~cy gj zm y`l` ykhmkicg`4 ji`m ij~ ~j`~ozlcik`mjy ykoqljy gj ~cyjy4 ^ji`mìj~ ~jgzmgcmikcy jmw~j l`y igkh`y h~i` { rj~ncl

K

928,92

>:,:3* Lìclkvc~ km ~ocikm i`m zm y`l` ykhmkicg , jm zm lzhc~ gjy/wcicg` gjl wjuw`, ~jqjwkgc lkwj~clojmwj ` ojgkcmwj ykmmko`y, {ckylcgc gj `w~cy km`~ocik`mjy-

Gjncf`gj K

2,83* L`y jywzgkcmwjy jm jywj mkrjl m y`m icqcijy gj l`h~c~ lcy ecnklk/gcgjy jukhkgcy q`~ jl mkrjl K

Zm 2,8* gjl w`wcl gj jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc jm lc ~jhkm jywm

q`~ gjncf` gjl Mkrjl K gj l`h~` jm Ljiwz~c- Jyw` koqlkic szj m` l`h~cm lìclkvc~ km`~ocikm

i`m zm yl` ykhmkicg`, ~jqjwkgc jm jl wjuw` { ckylcgc gj `w~cy km`~ocik`mjy- Jm jl izcg~`

8 yj jmizjmw~cm l`y gjyjoqj`y q`~ qcy { yj i`mywcwc szj6 77,9* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy izncm`y gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc clicmvcm jl

Mkrjl oy clw` jm Ljiwz~c, yjhzkg`y q`~ l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Mzjr` Ljm %35,7*+,

I`ywc ^kic %35,>*+ { Ieklj %38,5*+-

93,7* gj l`y clzom`y gj ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc yj ykwcm q`~ gjncf` gjl Mkrjl K,

cl khzcl szj oy gjl 37* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Jizcg`~ { Hzcwjoclc, { cq~ùkoc/

gcojmwj zm 33* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Qcmco { Qc~chzc{-

Jm Ljiwz~c, l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj jyizjlcy ~z~cljy qc~wkikqcmwjy jm jl YJÎJ `nwkjmjm

l`h~`y oy ncf`y szj l`y szj cykywjm c jyizjlcy jm jl onkw` z~ncm`8:- Wcl iò` yj `nyj~rc

: Lcy gjmkik mjy gj v`mc ~z~cl m y`m jyw~kiwcojmwj iòqc~cnljy jmw~j qcyjy- Qc~c kgjmwkic~ lcy jyizjlcy iò`~z~cljy yj zy lc gjmkikm rkhjmwj jm icgc qcy- Q`~ l` wcmw`, l`y gcw`y gjl w`wcl gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knjy`m zmc cq~ùkocikm hjmj~cl szj gjnj wòc~yj i`m lcy gjnkgcy ~jyj~rcy gcgcy lcy gkj~jmwjy gjmkik`mjy gj~z~clkgcg-


28/52

^jyzojm Jfjizwkr` >;

jm jl izcg~` 5 g`mgj yj gjyi~knjm lcy gkj~jmikcy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y jmw~j l`y jywzgkcmwjy

gj jyizjlcy z~ncmcy { l`y gj jyizjlcy ~z~cljy-

IzCg^` 8 Q@ÎJMWCFJ GJ JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC Q@^ MKRJL GJ

GJYJOQJ@ JM LJIWZ^C JM ICGC QCY

Qcy gjncf j k k kk kkk kRC~hjmwkmc 2,>2 >>,13 9;,89 >9,29 5,98

N~cykl 2,>; >:,>: 9;,57 >3,:7 8,18

Ieklj 3,21 ;,;8 97,72 92,>> 38,82

I`lònkc 7,;7 >9,23 73,85 >3,32 5,:>I`ywc kic 3,72 31,71 97,>1 9:,89 35,>>

Iznc 1,:2 2,75 >3,1; >8,23 77,>8

Jizcg`~ 37,2> 98,78 97,>1 33,23 >,31

Jl Yclrcg`~ :,97 >;,1: 73,1: 3;,3: :,71

Hzcwjoclc 37,98 79,35 9>,17 5,:3 3,;3

Ouki` 9,2: 3;,27 98,1; >8,:> 3>,1;

Mkic~chzc 2,;: 98,>; 79,95 31,2; 3,81

Qcmco 33,>3 98,>7 9:,>; 3>,9: 9,;3

Qc~chzc{ 33,78 98,5: 9>,>8 3>,;> :,7;

Qj~ ;,>7 92,35 9:,8; 3:,39 9,2:^- Gòkmkicmc 93,95 72,89 35,17 9,>; 1,:2

Z~zhzc{ 7,2; 3;,;2 9;,1> >7,;7 33,9;

Mzjr` Ljm 3,81 3>,83 97,5> 9>,71 35,95

Wwcl CL { I 2,83 >:,:3 98,87 >3,29 5,73

Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj q~jyjmwc gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj

Ljiwz~c szj i`mykhzjm l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc jm jyizjlcy z~ncmcy { l`y

szj cykywjm c jyizjlcy ~z~cljy- Qj~ jy jl qcy szj q~jyjmwc oc{`~jy gkj~jmikcy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj yzy jyizjlcy

~z~cljy { z~ncmcy, yzqj~cmg` l`y 8; qzmw`y gj gkj~jmikc- L` ykhzjm Hzcwjoclc,

N~cykl { Ouki` i`m gkj~jmikcy szj rcm jmw~j l`y 2> { l`y 27 qzmw`y, ~jyqjiwkrc/

ojmwj-

Iznc { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc y`m l`y qcyjy szj ozjyw~cm ojm`~jy gkj~jmikcy

jmw~j lcy jyizjlcy ~z~cljy { z~ncmcy, i`m 32 { 3; qzmw`y ~jyqjiwkrcojmwj-

Wconkm yj cq~jikcm gkj~jmikcy gj hmj~` jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y jm Ljiwz~c- Jm jl YJÎJ,

jm w~okm`y hl`ncljy, y`m lcy mkcy lcy szj `nwkjmjm ojf`~jy ~jyzlwcg`y jm Ljiwz~c jm 9j~

h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc- Jm jjiw`, jllcy crjmwcfcm c l`y mk`y jm 3>,8 qzmw`y, jm q~òjgk`-

C~hjmwkmc, N~cykl, Iznc, Ouki`, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc, Z~z/

hzc{ { jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm q~jyjmwcm gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy jmw~j

l`y qzmwcfjy `nwjmkg y q`~ mkcy { mk`y jm Ljiwz~c-


29/52


L`y qcyjy ~jywcmwjy m` q~jyjmwcm gkj~jmikcy jywcgywkicojmwj ykhmkicwkrcy cl

ecij~ lc iòqc~cikm yjhmhmj~`-

Jl gjyjoqj` gj l`y clzom`y jm Ljiwz~c gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc ozjyw~c zmc i`~~jlc/

ikm gk~jiwc i`m lcq~`gziikm kmwj~mc gj icgc qcy- Jm qc~wkizlc~, zm wj~ik` gj lc rc~kcnk/

lkgcg gj l`y q~òjgk`y mcik`mcljy gj ~jmgkokjmw` jm Ljiwz~c yj juqlkic q`~ lcy gkj~jmikcy

jm QKN qj~ iqkwc jmw~j l`y qcyjy-

Izcmw` oc{`~ jy lc gjykhzclgcg jm lc gkyw~knzikm gjl kmh~jy`, ojm`~ jy jl ~jmgkokjmw`

q~òjgk` jm Ljiwz~c jmw~j l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 9j~ h~cg` gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc- Jl 3>,2*

gj lcy rc~kcik`mjy jm lcy ojgkcy mcik`mcljy gj ~jmgkokjmw` jm Ljiwz~c, yj juqlkicm q`~ lcy

gkj~jmikcy gjl mgkij gj Hkmk jm l`y qcyjy-

IzCg^` 5 GKBJ^JMIKC GJ QZMWCFJY Q^@OJGK@ JMW^J JYIZJLCY Z^NCMCY [ ^Z^CLJY

[ YJHM HMJ^@- LJIWZ^C 9j~ H^CG@

Qcy gj~jmic z~ncm ~cl gj~jmic Mc MC~hjmwkmc 97,:9& 38,87

N~cykl 2>,28& 35,:8

Ieklj 97,25& >,72

I`lònkc :1,;>& 7,27I`ywc ^kic 73,>7& 7,2;

Iznc 3:,;7& 39,97

Jizcg`~ 7>,59& ;,1>

Jl Yclrcg`~ :8,>;& 3,9;

Hzcwjoclc 27,18& 3,28

Ouki` 2>,78& 39,>1

Mkic~chzc >;,7>& 3,88

Qcmco :7,81& 37,;7

Qc~chzc{ 92,7:& 3:,2;

Qj~ 8;,91& 1,82

^- Gòkmkicmc 3;,7:& 39,1:

Z~zhzc{ >5,:2& 3>,89

Mzjr` Ljm 98,>7& ;,1:

Wwcl CL { I / 3>,87

& Ykhmkicwkrc c zm mkrjl gj i`mcmvc gj :*


30/52


L`y Cq~jmgkvcfjy jm 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc

OcwjowicJl cmlkyky gj lcy qzmwzcik`mjy ojgkcy jm Ocwjowkic gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 gj

Q~koc~kc jrkgjmikc gkyqc~kgcgjy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y- Lc gkj~jmikc gjl q~`ojgk` clicmvcg`

q`~ l`y qcyjy gj ojf`~ { oy ncf` gjyjoqj` %Iznc { ^jqnlkic G`okmkicmc, ~jyqjiwk/

rcojmwj+, clicmvc l`y >>1 qzmw`y4 jyw` jy oy gj > gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~- Ykm jonc~h`,

lc gkj~jmikc jmw~j jl yjhzmg` { qjmlwko` qcy gj lc gkyw~knzikm jy gj 3,>2 gjyrkcik`mjy

jywmgc~-

H^kI` 7 Q^@OJGK@ [ RC^KCNKLKGCG GJ LCY QZMWZCIK@MJY OJGKCY JM OCWJOWKIC

GJ L@Y JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM ICGC QCY

LKKI6 Lokwj kmj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c ? 1,1:-LYKI6 Lokwj yzqj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c? 1,1:-Lcy nc~~cy ~jq~jyjmwcm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl 51* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj icgc qcy szj yj jmizjmw~cmjmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1- Jy gjik~, jl juw~jo` gj~jie` gj icgc nc~~c ~jq~jyjmwc jlqzmwcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy szj yj znkicm jm jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 { jl juw~jo` kvszkj~g`, jl gj l`y szjjywm jm jl 31- C oc{`~ gkywcmikc jmw~j jyw`y g`y qzmw`y, oc{`~ rc~kcnklkgcg jm l`y gjyjoqj`ygj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-

Lc ojgkc yj kgjmwkic i`m lc lmjc nlcmic ijmw~cl- Jl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc, i`~~jyq`mgj c lclmjc oy `yiz~c szj ~`gjc lc ojgkc { juq~jyc l`y rcl`~jy q`yknljy gj jywc-


31/52


Jl cmlkyky hl`ncl gj l`y ~jyzlwcg`y, m`y qj~okwj ch~zqc~ c l`y qcyjy jm izcw~` h~zq`y,

gj cizj~g` c yz gkj~jmikc i`m lc ojgkc gj l`y qcyjy6

Qcyjy iz{`y clzom`y gj 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc jueknjm jm Ocwjowkic zm gjyjo/qj` q~òjgk` yzqj~k`~ cl q~òjgk` ~jhk`mcl, znkimg`yj c oy gj zmc gjyrkcikm

jywmgc~ q`~ y`n~j jllc- Iznc kmwjh~c jywj q~koj~ h~zq` i`m zm q~òjgk` gj 298

qzmw`y-

Qcyjy i`m qzmwzcik`mjy ojgkcy yzqj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` ~jhk`mcl, qj~` ykwzcgcy

c ojm`y gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~- Jm jywj h~zq` yj znkicm Z~zhzc{, jl jywcg`

ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm, C~hjmwkmc, Ieklj, I`ywc ^kic { Ouki`-

Qcyjy iz{` gjyjoqj` q~òjgk` jy khzcl cl q~òjgk` gjl i`mfzmw` gj l`y qcyjy4

jy gjik~, ykm gkj~jmikcy jywcgywkicojmwj ykhmkicwkrcy i`m l- Jm jywj h~zq` yjjmizjmw~cm N~cykl, I`lònkc { Qj~-

Qcyjy iz{c qzmwzcikm ojgkc jy kmj~k`~ cl q~òjgk` gj l`y qcyjy %ojm`y gj zmc

gjyrkcikm jywmgc~+6 Jizcg`~, Jl Yclrcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc, Qcmco, Qc~c/

hzc{ { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc5&-

Lc gjykhzclgcg jgzicwkrc qzjgj rj~yj c w~cry gjl cmlkyky gj lc rc~kcnklkgcg szj jueknj

jl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-

Jm lc ~jhkm lc gkj~jmikc jmw~j l`y qzmwcfjy q~òjgk`y gj l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1,

clicmvc l`y >7>,2 qzmw`y-

Gjych~jhcmg` q`~ qcyjy, jmi`mw~co`y gkj~jmikcy szj rcm gj l`y 35> c l`y 95: qzm/

w`y, jmw~j l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1- Cy jy q`yknlj jywcnljij~ izcw~` h~zq`y gj mcik`mjy6

^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc, Mkic~chzc, Jl Yclrcg`~, Qcmco { Hzcwjoclc, y`m qcyjy

iz{` ~cmh` gj gkyqj~ykm jmw~j l`y qj~ijmwkljy iòqc~cg`y jy kmj~k`~ c l`y >11

qzmw`y-

I`lònkc, Qc~chzc{, N~cykl, I`ywc ^kic, C~hjmwkmc, Jizcg`~, Ieklj { jl jywcg` ojuk/

icm` gj Mzjr` Ljm, y`m mcik`mjy iz{c rc~kcnklkgcg jmw~j l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1,bziwc jmw~j >11 { >:1 qzmw`y-

Ouki`, Qj~ { Z~zhzc{ q~jyjmwcm zm ~cmh` gj gkyqj~ykm gj yzy gjyjoqj`y yz/

qj~k`~ c >:1 qzmw`y, qj~` kmj~k`~ c 911-

Iznc q~jyjmwc zmc rc~kcnklkgcg kmwj~mc yzqj~k`~ c l`y 911 qzmw`y-



32/52


IzCg^` ; GJYI^KQIKM GJ L@Y MKRJLJY GJ GJYJOQJ@ GJ L@Y JYWZGKCMWJY GJ

2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM OCWJOWKIC

MrjlQmwy

j i~wj


KR

2>7,21

33,77* L`y jywzgkcmwjy jmizjmw~cm q~òjgk`y { ~jyzjlrjm ilizl`y, iònkmcmg`lcy izcw~` `qj~cik`mjy nykicy jm jl icoq` gj l`y moj~`y mcwz~cljy-

Kgjmwkicm qc~cljlkyo` { qj~qjmgkizlc~kgcg jm zmc ykwzcikm ~jcl {i`mi~jwc { lc ~jq~jyjmwcikm h~ic gj zm q`~ijmwcfj-

^jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy szj kmr`lzi~cm q~`qkjgcgjy gj l`y mhzl`y gjw~kmhzl`y { izcg~klwj~`y, szj kmwjh~cm ~jcy gj gkj~jmwjy hz~cy g`y `qj~cik`mjy jmw~j moj~`y gjikocljy-

jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy szj kmr`lzi~cm jl i`mijqw` gj ~ciikm-

Ecijm hjmj~clkvcik`mjy qc~c i`mwkmzc~ zmc yjizjmikc h~ic szj~jyq`mgj c zm qcw~m gj `~ocikm iòqljf`-

KKK

:37,73

9>,9:* L`y clzom`y iòqc~cm ~ciik`mjy, zycm jl i`mijqw` gj q`~ijmwcfjjm jl cmlkyky gj lc km`~ocikm { jm lc ~jy`lzikm gj q~`nljocy szj~jszkj~jm iclizlc~l`-

Kgjmwkicm qj~qjmgkizlc~kgcg { qc~cljlkyo` jm jl qlcm`, iò` cywconkm, izj~q`y { yzy jljojmw`y ykm zm cq`{` h~i`-

jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy szj ~jszkj~jm kmwj~q~jwc~ l`y jljojmw`y gj zmcgkrkykm ` jszkrcljmikc gj ojgkgcy-

ji`mìjm mhzl`y ijmw~cljy { hz~cy hjòw~kicy gj zy` ~jizjmwj,kmilzkg` jl i~izl`, { ~jiz~~jm c yzy q~`qkjgcgjy qc~c ~jy`lrj~ q~`nljocy-

^jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy gj ~jcy { qj~ojw~`y gj w~kmhzl`y { izcg~klwj~`y- Ecijm hjmj~clkvcik`mjy szj ljy qj~okwjm i`mwkmzc~ zmc yjizjmikc

h~ic ` ecllc~ lc ~jhlc gj `~ocikm gj zmc yjizjmikc mzo~kic szj~jyq`mgj c zm qcw~m clh` iòqljf`-

KK

739,:5

71,5>* L`y jywzgkcmwjy cmclkvcm j kgjmwkicm lc `~hcmkvcikm gjl ykywjoc gjmzoj~cikm gjikocl q`ykik`mcl, jywkocm qjy`y %ocycy+ juq~jymg`l`yjm lc zmkgcg gj ojgkgc qj~wkmjmwj cl cw~knzw` c ojgk~-

ji`mìjm hz~cy hjòw~kicy gj zy` ~jizjmwj { yzy q~`qkjgcgjyqc~c ~jy`lrj~ q~`nljocy-

Kmwj~q~jwcm, iòqc~cm { `qj~cm i`m km`~ocikm q~jyjmwcgc jmgkj~jmwjy ~jq~jyjmwcik`mjy h~icy-

Kgjmwkicm lc ~jhzlc~kgcg gj zmc yjizjmikc szj ~jyq`mgj c zm qcw~mykoqlj- jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy ~jj~kg`y cl icoq` cgkwkr`, jm gkj~jmwjy

icoq`y mzo~ki`y %mcwz~cljy { juq~jyk`mjy gjikocljy+, kmilzkgcy~ciik`mjy jm yzy zy`y ~jizjmwjy ` jszkrcljmikc gj ojgkgcy-

jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy szj ~jszkj~jm ozlwkqlkicikm gkrkykm, g`y`qj~cik`mjy i`m moj~`y mcwz~cljy ` szj kmilz{jm ~jlcik`mjy gjq~`q`~ik`mclkgcg gk~jiwc-

K

91;,27

39,;3* L`y clzom`y ~gjmcm moj~`y mcwz~cljy gj ecywc ikmi` ik~cy {juq~jyk`mjy gjikocljy gj ecywc oklyko`y-

ji`m ijm izj~q`y hjòw~ki`y zyzcljy { lc zmkgcg gj ojgkgc qj~wk/mjmwj cl cw~knzw` c ojgk~-

Kmwj~q~jwcm km`~ocikm jm ~jq~jyjmwcik`mjy h~icy qc~c iòqc~c~/lc { w~cgzik~lc c `w~c `~oc gj ~jq~jyjmwcikm-

jyzjlrjm q~`nljocy szj ~jszkj~jm zmc y`lc qj~cikm, jm jl icoq`cgkwkr` { jm jl icoq` gj l`y moj~`y mcwz~cljy-

Gjncf`gj K

3,75* L`y jywzgkcmwjy jm jywj mkrjl m` y`m icqcijy gj l`h~c~ lcy ecnklkgc/gjy jukhkgcy q`~ jl mkrjl K


33/52


Jm jl izcg~` 31, yj `nyj~rc szj jm Iznc { Z~zhzc{, cl~jgjg`~ gjl 8:* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy

yj znkic jm l`y mkrjljy KKK { KR, clicmvcmg` l`y oy clw`y ~jmgkokjmw`y jm jywc q~zjnc-

Mzjr` Ljm, I`ywc ^kic, Ouki` { Ieklj, l`h~cm znkic~ c oy gjl :1* gj yzy jywzgkcm/wjy gj 2 h~cg`, jm l`y mkrjljy yzqj~k`~jy gj gjyjoqj` jm Ocwjowkic-

Q`~ `w~` lcg`, C~hjmwkmc, N~cykl, Qj~, I`lònkc { Qc~chzc{ wkjmjm jmw~j jl :1* { jl

21* gj yzy jywzgkcmwjy jm l`y mkrjljy gj gjyjoqj` K { KK-

Jizcg`~, Jl Yclrcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc, Qcmco { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc, wkjmjm

oy gjl 81* gj yzy jywzgkcmwjy jm l`y mkrjljy K { KK-

IzCg^` 31 Q@ÎJMWCFJ GJ JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC Q@^ MKRJL GJGJYJOQJ@ JM OCWJOWKIC JM ICGC QCY

Qcy gjncf j k k kk kkk kRC~hjmwkmc 3,:9 33,5; 98,;; 92,>2 3>,97

N~cykl 3,72 37,11 77,1; 93,2: 5,51

Ieklj 3,71 ;,57 98,5: 98,9; 39,:>

I`lònkc 3,1> 39,>; 78,27 9>,21 :,72

I`ywc kic 1,1; 7,:: 9>,83 79,81 35,;:

Iznc 1,3; 7,79 38,;9 >2,99 :3,39

Jizcg`~ 7,>7 >7,52 7:,3: >3,73 7,97Jl Yclrcg`~ 3,;: 3;,35 :3,23 >9,53 9,7:

Hzcwjoclc >,85 >7,;7 :1,51 3;,:> 3,;2

Ouki` 1,:3 5,95 9>,73 9;,31 3;,21

Mkic~chzc >,>: >9,55 :>,2; 3;,73 3,82

Qcmco 9,9> >8,32 7;,:: 38,27 >,99

Qc~chzc{ 9,5: >3,11 72,:1 >9,;3 7,87

Qj~ >,73 3;,:5 9;,5> >5,;1 ;,>;

^- Gòkmkicmc :,2; 73,8; 7:,79 2,5: 1,>7

Z~zhzc{ 1,28 7,>2 >>,92 71,73 9>,93

Mzjr` Ljm 1,97 2,>; >;,9: 71,22 >9,92

Wwcl CL { I 3,75 39,;3 71,5> 9>,9: 33,77

Jm Ocwjowkic, l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 h~cg` gj jyizjlcy ~z~cljy qc~wkikqcmwjy jm jl

YJÎJ nwkjmjm gjyjoqj`y oy ncf`y szj l`y szj cykywjm c jyizjlcy jm jl onkw` z~ncm`,

wcl iò` yj qzjgj rj~ jm jl izcg~` 33-


34/52



[ YJHM HMJ^@- OCWJOWKIC 2 H^CG@

Qcy gj~jmic z~ncm ~cl gj~jmic Mc MC~hjmwkmc 71,>3& /:,8;

N~cykl 7>,87& /31,1>&

Ieklj 92,:3& /2,57&

I`lònkc >;,19& /37,:9&

I`ywc ^kic >9,97& />1,28&

Iznc 7,;5 5,>7&

Jizcg`~ 7>,53& 1,>;

Jl Yclrcg`~ 77,82& /;,75&

Hzcwjoclc 95,9;& /2,;3&Ouki` :3,7>& 2,9:

Mkic~chzc 31,>7& /31,32&

Qcmco 98,99& >,53

Qc~chzc{ 93,35& /1,:;

Qj~ 58,19& /35,;7&

^- Gòkmkicmc ;,13& 1,;2

Z~zhzc{ :>,7:& 1,35

Mzjr` Ljm 9:,8;& 1,>8

Wwcl CL { I / /2,38&


L`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj szj iz~ycm 2 h~cg` jm jyizjlcy ~z~cljy

l`h~cm oy ncf`y ~jyzlwcg`y jm Ocwjowkic szj szkjmjy l` ecijm jm jyizjlcy z~ncmcy-

Qj~ jy jl qcy szj q~jyjmwc oc{`~jy gkj~jmikcy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj yzy jyizjlcy

~z~cljy { z~ncmcy, yzqj~cmg` l`y 58 qzmw`y gj gkj~jmikc, jm q~òjgk`- L` ykhzjm

Z~zhzc{ { Ouki` i`m gkj~jmikcy szj n`~gjcm l`y :> qzmw`y- Cl i`mw~c~k`, Iznc { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc y`m l`y qcyjy szj ozjyw~cm ojm`~jy

gkj~jmikcy jmw~j lcy jyizjlcy ~z~cljy { z~ncmcy, i`m : { ; qzmw`y ~jyqjiwkrcojmwj-

Jl cmlkyky q`~hmj~` gjl YJÎJ kmgkic szj c mkrjl ~jhk`mcl l`y mk`y `nwkjmjm zm`y 2

qzmw`y oy szj lcy mkcy, jm lc q~zjnc gj Ocwjowkic gj 2 h~cg`- Cgjoy, yj i`mywcwcm

koq`~wcmwjy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j qcyjy, jyw` m`y qj~okwj lc i`m`~ocikm gj w~jy h~zq`y6

Jm q~koj~ lzhc~, jyw C~hjmwkmc, Jizcg`~, Ouki`, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, jqnlkic G`/

okmkicmc { Z~zhzc{, cy iò` jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm szj m` q~jyjmwcm

gkj~jmikcy jywcgywkicojmwj ykhmkicwkrcy jm jl gjyjoqj` jmw~j mk`y { mkcy-

Zm yjhzmg` h~zq`, `~ocg` q`~ Iznc g`mgj lcy mkcy `nwkjmjm ykhmkicwkrcojmwj

ojf`~jy qzmwzcik`mjy szj l`y mk`y-


35/52


Bkmclojmwj, zm h~zq` gj qcyjy jm l`y szj jl q~òjgk` gjl ~jmgkokjmw` gj l`y

mk`y jy yzqj~k`~ cl gj lcy mkcy6 N~cykl, Ieklj, I`lònkc, I`ywc ^kic, Jl Yclrcg`~,

Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc { Qj~-

Q`~ `w~c qc~wj, jlkmh~jy` mcik`mcl qj~ iqkwc jyw zj~wjojmwj cyìkcg` cl gjyjoqj`

gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy jm jl ~jc gj Ocwjowkic- Lcy gkj~jmikcy jm jl QKN qj~ iqkwc lljhcm c

juqlkic~ 73* gj lc rc~kcikm jm lcy qzmwzcik`mjy q~òjgk` gj l`y qcyjy jm lc q~zjnc gj

Ocwjowkic qc~c 2 h~cg` gj q~koc~kc-

L`y ~jyzlwcg`y ozjyw~cm szj izcmw` oy gjykhzcl jy zm qcy ojm`~ jy yz ~jmgkokjmw`

q~òjgk`- Gj jywc ocmj~c, 9>* gj lc rc~kcmvc jm lcy qzmwzcik`mjy q~òjgk` gj l`y qcyjy

jy juqlkicgc q`~ gkj~jmikcy jm jli`jbikjmwj gjHkmkjmw~j qcyjy-

Ljiw~c

Jl cmlkyky hjmj~cl gj lcy qzmwzcik`mjy q~òjgk` jm Ljiwz~c gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj

2 h~cg` gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc { yz gkyw~knzikm qj~okwj `nyj~rc~ gkyqc~kgcgjy jmw~j

mcik`mjy { cl kmwj~k`~ gj jllcy- Lcy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j l`y qcyjy juw~jo`y cyikjmgjm c 3,8:

gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~- Ykm jonc~h`, lcy gkyqc~kgcgjy jmw~j jl yjhzmg` { qjmlwko` qcy

lljhcm c 3,32 gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~-

Jm jywj yjmwkg`, l`y qcyjy qzjgjm ilcykic~yj jm ikmi` h~zq`y gj cizj~g` cl ~jmgk/

okjmw` q~òjgk` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy6

3- Qcyjy iz{`y clzom`y wkjmjm qzmwzcik`mjy yzqj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` gj l`y qcyjy

qc~wkikqcmwjy gjl YJÎJ, { i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj ojm`y gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~-

Jm jl h~zq` yj jmizjmw~cm Iznc, I`ywc ^kic, N~cykl, Ieklj, I`lònkc, Ouki , Z~z/

hzc{ { jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm-

>- Qcyjy iz{`y jywzgkcmwjy wkjmjm qzmwzcikm ojgkc khzcl cl q~òjgk` ~jhk`mcl, g`m/

gj yl` yj znkic C~hjmwkmc-

9- Qcyjy jm l`y szj l`y clzom`y wkjmjm qzmwzcik`mjy kmj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` ~jhk`mcl

gjl YJÎJ, i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj ojm`y gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~- Jm jywj h~zq`jywm Jizcg`~, Jl Yclrcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~ { ^jq/

nlkic Gòkmkicmc;&-

&Gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy i`m :* gj j~~`~, gj cizj~g` i`m zmcq~zjnc wgj iòqc~cikm gj ojgkcy-


36/52


H^kI` : Q^@OJGK@ [ RC^KCNKLKGCG GJ LCY QZMWZCIK@MJY JM LJIWZ^C GJ L@Y

JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM ICGC QCY

LKKI6 Lokwj kmj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c ? 1,1:-LYKI6 Lokwj yzqj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c ? 1,1:-Lcy nc~~cy ~jq~jyjmwcm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl 51* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj icgc qcy szj yj jmizjmw~cmjmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1- Jy gjik~, jl juw~jo` gj~jie` gj icgc nc~~c ~jq~jyjmwc jlqzmwcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy szj yj znkicm jm jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 { jl juw~jo` kvszkj~g`, jl gj l`y szjjywm jm jl 31- C oc{`~ gkywcmikc jmw~j jyw`y g`y qzmw`y, oc{`~ rc~kcnklkgcg jm l`y gjyjoqj`ygj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-Lc ojgkc yj kgjmwkic i`m lc lmjc nlcmic ijmw~cl- Jl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc, i`~~jyq`mgj c lclmjc oy `yiz~c szj ~`gjc lc ojgkc { juq~jyc l`y rcl`~jy q`yknljy gj jywc-

Lc rc~kcnklkgcg jm jl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy qj~okwj cmclkvc~ lcy gjykhzclgcgjy

gj cq~jmgkvcfj jm icgc mcikm- Lcy gkyqc~kgcgjy jm ~jmgkokjmw` jmw~j l`y clzom`y znk/

icg`y jmw~j l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1 jm l`y gkywkmw`y qcyjy rcm jm zm ~cmh` gj 35> c >;7

qzmw`y { clicmvcm c mkrjl ~jhk`mcl l`y >77 qzmw`y-

Jl Yclrcg`~, Mkic~chzc { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc wkjmjm zmc gkywcmikc ojm`~ c l`y >11

qzmw`y jmw~j l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj l`y qj~ijmwkljy yzfjw`y c iòqc~cikm-

Jm wcmw`, lcy gjykhzclgcgjy gj cq~jmgkvcfj jmw~j jywzgkcmwjy jm l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 {

;1 jm C~hjmwkmc, N~cykl, Ieklj, I`lònkc, I`ywc ^kic, Jizcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Ouki`, Qcmco,

Qc~chzc{, Qj~, Z~zhzc{ { jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm jywm jm zm ~cmh` szj rc gj

>12 c >:; qzmw`y-

Q`~ lwko`, Iznc jy jl qcy g`mgj ec{ zmc oc{`~ gkywcmikc jm l`y qzmwcfjy, i`m >;7

qzmw`y jmw~j l`y jywzgkcmwjy gjl qj~ijmwkl 31 { gjl qj~ijmwkl ;1-


37/52


IzCg^` 3> GJYI^KQIKM GJ L@Y MKRJLJY GJ GJYJOQJ@ JM LJIWZ^C GJ L@Y

JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC

MrjlQmwy

j i~wj


KR

:;9,:;

>1,91* Kmwjh~c~, fj~c~szkvc~ { hjmj~clkvc~ km`~ocikm gkyw~knzkgc jm w`g` jlwjuw`4

Jywcnljij~ jszkrcljmikcy jmw~j oy gj g`y igkh`y %rj~ncl, mzo~ki`{ h~i`+4

jq`mj~ km`~ocikm koqlikwc i`~~jyq`mgkjmwj cl wjuw` iòqljw`4 ji`m ij~ l`y ykhmkicg`y q`yknljy gj wjimkikyo`y { zy`y hz~cg`y

gjl ljmhzcfj4 Gkywkmhzk~ gkj~jmwjy rìjy jm zm okyo` wjuw`, { ocwkijy gj jmzmikc/

ikm %ij~wjvc { gzgc+

KKK

:39,22

>2,8;* L iclkvc~ km`~ocikm gkyi~kokmmg lc gj w~cy km`~ocik`mjy ij~icmcy4 Kmwj~q~jwc~ ~j`~ozlcik mjy { ymwjyky4 Kmwjh~c~ gcw`y gkyw~knzkg`y jm zm q~~c`4 jq`mj~ km`~ocikm koqlikwc jm jl q~~c`4 ^jljj~ jm nzyic gj gcw`y jyqjii`y4 Gkyi~kokmc~ zm ykhmkicg` jm qclcn~cy szj wkjmjm rc~k`y4 ji`m ij~ jl ykhmkicg` gj qc~wjy gj qclcn~cy %cf`y+, ncymg`yj jm

jl wjuw`4

KK

7>7,:7

9:,72* Lìclkvc~ km ~ocikm jm ojgk gjl wjuw` { szj gjnj yj~ gkywkmhzkgc

gj `w~c, czmszj znkicgc jm zm yjhojmw` gkj~jmwj4 Kmwjh~c~ km`~ocikm y`n~j l` gkie` oy l` klzyw~cg`4 Gkyi~kokmc~ qclcn~cy gj zm y`l` ykhmkicg`

K

>;;,:;

32,:3* Lìclkvc~ km ~ocikm i`m zm y l` ykhmkicg , jm zm lzhc~ ijmw~cl `gjywcicg` gjl wjuw` %jl iòkjmv` ` jl mcl+, ~jqjwkgc lkwj~clojmwj òjgkcmwj ykmmko`y, { ckylcgc gj `w~cy km`~ocik`mjy-

Gjncf`gj K

1,;9* L`y jywzgkcmwjy jm jywj mkrjl m` y`m icqcijy gj l`h~c~ lcy ecnklkgcgjyjukhkgcy q`~ jl mkrjl K

Jm jl izcg~` 39 yj gjyi~knj lc gkyw~knzikm gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj icgc qcy jm l`y gky/wkmw`y mkrjljy gj gjyjoqj`- Jm l yj i`mywcwc szj jm Iznc, lc okwcg gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy

gj 2 h~cg`, yj jmizjmw~c jm jl Mkrjl KR gj gjyjoqj` jm Ljiwz~c, yjhzkg` q`~ I`ywc ^kic,

i`m oy gj zm wj~ik` gj yzy clzom`y jm jyj mkrjl-

Z~zhzc{, Ieklj, jl Jywcg` gj Mzjr` Ljm, Ouki` { N~cykl wkjmjm jmw~j jl >1* { jl 91*

gj yzy clzom`y jm jl mkrjl gj gjyjoqj` oy clw`-

Q`~ `w~` lcg`, jm jl Mkrjl K yj ilcykic 78,5* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 gj Jgzicikm

Q~koc~kc jm ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc, { ij~ic gj zm wj~ik` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Jizcg`~,

Hzcwjoclc, Qcmco { Qc~chzc{-


38/52


IzCg^` 39 Q@ÎJMWCFJ GJ JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC Q@^ MKRJL GJ

GJYJOQJ@ JM LJIWZ^C JM ICGC QCY

Qcy gjncf j k k kk kkk kRC~hjmwkmc 3,85 38,;9 9:,:; >:,75 3;,>>

N~cykl 1,:8 37,5: 97,2: >8,78 >>,72

Ieklj 1,91 5,1> 91,12 9>,98 >;,>2

I`lònkc 1,9; 39,38 95,>: 91,71 38,51

I`ywc kic 1,>> :,11 >9,7: 92,89 97,:;

Iznc 1,91 :,>2 3;,:8 >7,>1 :1,25

Jizcg`~ 7,78 99,2; 9;,75 32,29 :,89

Jl Yclrcg`~ 1,;: >3,7; 77,1> >9,;; ;,:7

Hzcwjoclc >,52 99,12 79,92 3:,89 7,;;Ouki` 1,>9 3>,>9 99,71 >;,8: >7,9;

Mkic~chzc 3,1> >>,15 :1,:5 >3,31 :,>>

Qcmco 3,;: >5,;8 95,82 >1,88 ;,::

Qc~chzc{ 9,;1 99,72 92,53 35,21 8,>9

Qj~ >,>7 >7,15 73,2: >>,:8 ;,72

^- Gòkmkicmc 7,15 78,57 98,:1 ;,3; 3,9;

Z~zhzc{ 1,78 ;,21 91,51 >;,25 >;,7:

Mzjr` Ljm 1,>3 ;,3> >;,;; 9>,98 >5,93

Wwcl CL { I 1,;9 32,:3 9:,72 >2,8; >1,91

Lc km`~ocikm gj gjyjoqj` q`~ wkq` gj jyizjlc kmgkic szj jukywjm coqlkcy gkyqc~k/

gcgjy jmw~j jl cq~jmgkvcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy jm v`mcy ~z~cljy { z~ncmcy312- Cy yj qzjgj

i`~~`n`~c~ jm jl izcg~` 37-

Jm Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj, l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc szj cykywjm

c jyizjlcy z~ncmcy `nwkjmjm, oy clw`y qzmwcfjy jm Ljiwz~c szj cszjll`y szj cykywjm c

jyizjlcy ~z~cljy-

Iznc jy jl mki` qcy szj m` q~jyjmwc gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy jmw~j l`y ~jmgk/okjmw`y gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj jyizjlcy z~ncmcy { ~z~cljy-

Mkic~chzc { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc q~jyjmwcm lcy ojm`~jy gkj~jmikcy yjhm lc znk/

icikm gj yzy jyizjlcy, clicmvcmg` l`y >3 { >7 qzmw`y, ~jyqjiwkrcojmwj-

Q`~ jl i`mw~c~k`, Qj~ jy jl qcy szj ozjyw~c oc{`~jy gjykhzclgcgjy jmw~j jywzgkcm/

wjy z~ncm`y { ~z~cljy, n`~gjcmg` l`y 51 qzmw`y gj gkj~jmikc- Lj ykhzjm Ouki`,

Qcmco { Qc~chzc{ i`m gkj~jmikcy ij~icmcy c l`y :8 qzmw`y-



39/52



[ YJHM HMJ^@- LJIWZ^C 2 H^CG@

Qcy gj~jmic z~ncm ~cl gj~jmic Mc MC~hjmwkmc 79,::& 33,1:&

N~cykl 7;,9:& 3:,2;&

Ieklj 9:,22& 2,5;&

I`lònkc 73,87& /7,79

I`ywc ^kic 97,98& /1,8:

Iznc 3>,8: 3:,>3&

Jizcg`~ 72,>>& 2,9;

Jl Yclrcg`~ :7,93& /1,3;

Hzcwjoclc :9,8:& />,77Ouki` :8,83& 39,9>&

Mkic~chzc >3,7>& /1,23

Qcmco :2,28& 3:,5;&

Qc~chzc{ :2,9>& 33,37&

Qj~ 85,;2& /3,58

^- Gòkmkicmc >9,8:& 3:,1;&

Z~zhzc{ 7;,31& 3;,27&

Mzjr` Ljm 9;,>9& 8,;5

Wwcl CL { I / 31,77&


Jm jl cmlkyky yjhmhmj~` yj `nyj~rc szj lcy mkcy szj cykywjm c 2 h~cg` gj Jgzic/

ikm Q~koc~kc jm Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj crjmwcfcm c l`y mk`y jm lcy qzmwzcik`mjy gj

Ljiwz~c- Lc n~jiec jmw~j jll`y jm lc ~jhkm jy gj 31,7 qzmw`y-

Lcy mkcy `nwkjmjm qzmwzcik`mjy ykhmkicwkrcojmwj yzqj~k`~jy c l`y mk`y jm C~hjmwk/

mc, N~cykl, Ieklj, Iznc, Ouki`, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc { Z~zhzc{-

Jl QKNqj~ iqkwc yj i`~~jlcik`mc gk~jiwcojmwj i`m jl cq~jmgkvcfj q~òjgk` gj l`y jy/

wzgkcmwjy- Lcy gkj~jmikcy jm lc ~kszjvc gj l`y qcyjy juqlkicm 77,7* gj lc rc~kcikm jm l`yq~òjgk`y mcik`mcljy gj Ljiwz~c jm 2 h~cg` gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc-

Izcmw` oc{`~ jy jli`jbikjmwj gj Hkmk, ojm`~ jy jl ~jmgkokjmw` q~òjgk` jm Ljiwz~c

jmw~j l`y clzom`y gj 2 h~cg` gj Jgzicikm Q~koc~kc- Lcy gkyqc~kgcgjy jmw~j qcyjy jm jl

mgkij gj Hkmk juqlkicm 33* gj lc rc~kcikm jm l`y q~òjgk`y mcik`mcljy jm Ljiwz~c-

Ijmicy j lc Mcw~cljvc

Lc q~zjnc gj Ikjmikcy gj lc Mcwz~cljvc, yj cqlki c jywzgkcmwjy gj 2 h~cg` gj Jgz/

icikm Q~koc~kc { cgjoy i`mw i`m lc qc~wkikqcikm gj yl` gkjv jmwkgcgjy mcik`mcljy6C~hjmwkmc, I`lònkc, Iznc, Jl Yclrcg`~, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~, ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc,

Z~zhzc{ { Mzjr` Ljm-

Lc gkj~jmikc jmw~j l`y qcyjy juw~jo`y jm lc jyiclc gj ~jmgkokjmw` cyikjmgj c >,9:

gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~- Ykm jonc~h`, jmw~j jl qjmlwko` { yjhzmg` qcy lc gkj~jmikc lljhc


40/52


c 1,25 gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~, l` szj koqlkic zmc oc{`~ eò`hjmjkgcg jmw~j l`y qcyjy gjl

ijmw~` gj lc gkyw~knzikm-

Gj ocmj~c hl`ncl, yj `nyj~rcm gkyqc~kgcgjy wcmw` jm l`y q~òjgk`y iò` jm lc gkyw~k/nzikm gj lcy qzmwzcik`mjy jm icgc qcy- Yj qzjgjm gkywkmhzk~ izcw~` h~zq`y gj qcyjy i`m

~jyqjiw` cl ~jmgkokjmw` jm Ikjmikcy6

Jm jl q~koj~ h~zq` jywm l`y qcyjy i`m zmc qzmwzcikm ojgkc oz{ yzqj~k ~ cl

q~òjgk` gj lc ~jhkm %i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj oy gj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~, jy

gjik~, oy gj 2:1 qzmw`y+- Jywj h~zq` jyw i`m`~ocg` yl` q`~ Iznc-

Jl yjhzmg` jyw `~ocg` q`~ qcyjy i`m qzmwzcik`mjy yzqj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` gj

Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj, qj~` i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj ojm`y gj zmc gjyrkcikm

jywmgc~ gj gkj~jmikc6 Z~zhzc{ { jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm- Yl` I`lònkc jyw jm jl wj~ij~ h~zq`, g mgj lc ojgkc gjl qcy m` q~jyjmwc gkj/

~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy i`m lc ~jhk`mcl-

Jl izc~w` h~zq` l` i`m`~ocm l`y qcyjy i`m qzmwzcik`mjy kmj~k`~jy cl q~òjgk` gj

Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj, qj~` i`m zmc gkywcmikc ojm`~ c zmc gjyrkcikm jywm/

gc~6 C~hjmwkmc, Jl Yclrcg`~, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~ { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc33&-

H^kI` 2 Q^@OJGK@ [ RC^KCNKLKGCG GJ LCY QZMWZCIK@MJY JM IKJMIKCY GJ L@Y

JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC JM ICGC QCY

LKKI6 Lokwj kmj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c ? 1,1:-LYKI6 Lokwj yzqj~k`~ gjl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc i`m zm c ? 1,1:-Lcy nc~~cy ~jq~jyjmwcm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gjl 51* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj icgc qcy szj yj jmizjmw~cmjmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1- Jy gjik~, jl juw~jo` gj~jie` gj icgc nc~~c ~jq~jyjmwc jlqzmwcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy szj yj znkicm jm jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 { jl juw~jo` kvszkj~g`, jl gj l`y szjjywm jm jl 31- C oc{`~ gkywcmikc jmw~j jyw`y g`y qzmw`y, oc{`~ rc~kcnklkgcg jm l`y gjyjoqj`ygj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-Lc ojgkc yj kgjmwkic i`m lc lmjc nlcmic ijmw~cl- Jl kmwj~rcl` gj i`mcmvc, i`~~jyq`mgj c lclmjc oy `yiz~c szj ~`gjc lc ojgkc { juq~jyc l`y rcl`~jy q`yknljy gj jywc-

&Gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy i`m :* gj j~~`~, gj cizj~g` i`m zmcq~zjnc wgj iòqc~cikm gj ojgkcy-


41/52


Lcy gjykhzclgcgjy jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj cq~jmgkvcfj qzjgjm rj~yj c w~cry gj lc gkyqj~/

ykm jm lcy qzmwzcik`mjy szj clicmvcm l`y jywzgkcmwjy- Jm jywj onkw` yj gkywkmhzjm w~jy

ykwzcik`mjy jm lc ~jhkm6 Jm lc oc{`~c gj l`y qcyjy lc gkywcmikc jmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl qj~ijmwkl ;1 jyw

jmw~j l`y >11 { >91 qzmw`y- C~hjmwkmc, I`lònkc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~, Z~zhzc{

{ jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm `~ocm qc~wj gj jywj i`mwkmhjmwj-

Jl Yclrcg`~ { jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc wkjmjm lc ojm`~ gkyqj~ykm gj ~jyzlwcg`y, qzjy

lc gkywcmikc jmw~j jl qj~ijmwkl 31 { jl ;1 m` yzqj~c l`y >11 qzmw`y-

Iznc, fzmw` i`m yj~ jl qcy i`m jl oc{`~ qzmwcfj q~òjgk`, q~jyjmwc lc oc{`~

gkyqj~ykm gj ~jyzlwcg`y, i`m zmc gkywcmikc gj 952 qzmw`y jmw~j l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj

l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1-

IzCg^` 3: GJYI^KQIKM GJ L@Y MKRJLJY GJ GJYJOQJ@ GJ L@Y JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2

GJ Q^KOC^KC JM IKJMIKCY

MrjlQmwy

j i~wj


KR

817,8:

>,72* L`y jywzgkcmwjy szj clicmvcm jywj mkrjl zwklkvcm { w~cmyj~jm i m`/

ikokjmw`y ikjmwi`y, szj ~jszkj~jm clw` h~cg` gj `~oclkvcikm {cnyw~ciikm, c gkywkmw`y wkq`y gj ykwzcik`mjy- Y`m icqcijy gj kgjmwkic~ l`y i`mìkokjmw`y ikjmwi`y kmr`lzi~cg`y

jm lc ykwzcikm q~`nljowkic qlcmwjcgc- ywcy y`m oy `~ocljy { yj~jj~jm c cyqjiw`y, gkojmyk`mjy ` cmlkyky szj qzjgjm jywc~ rkyknlj/ojmwj oy cljfcg`y gj yz jmw`~m` q~uko`-

KKK

:;1,>;

33,71* L`y jywzgkcmwjy szj clicmvcm jywj mkrjl juqlkicm ykwzcik mjy i`wkgkc/mcy ncycgcy jm jrkgjmikcy ikjmwicy, zwklkvcm o`gjl`y gjyi~kqwkr`yyjmikll`y qc~c kmwj~q~jwc~ jmojm`y gjl ozmg` mcwz~cl { qlcmwjcmi`milzyk`mjy c qc~wk~ gj lc gjyi~kqikm gj ciwkrkgcgjy juqj~kojmwcljy-

KK

78>,12

7>,>7* L`y jywzgkcmwjy szj clicmvcm jywj mkrjl cqlkicm i`mwjmkg`y ikjmwi`y

cq~jmgkg`y jm jl i`mwjuw` jyi`lc~6 iòqc~cm, `~gjmcm j kmwj~q~jwcmkm`~ocikm q~jyjmwcgc jm `~ocw`y gkrj~y`y %wcnlcy, izcg~`y, jyszj/ocy, kohjmjy+4 ~ji`mìjm ~jlcik`mjy gj iczyclkgcg, { ilcykicm yj~jyrkr`y gj cizj~g` c zm i~kwj~k`-

I`m ~jyqjiw` cl Mkrjl K gjnj ecij~yj m`wc~ szj y`m icqcijy gjciijgj~ c km`~ocikm q~jyjmwcgc jm gkywkmw`y `~ocw`y, l` szj jukhjgjyw~jvcy gj oc{`~ iòqljfkgcg qc~c ciijgj~ { w~cwc~ km`~ocikm-

K

9:3,93

95,8>* L`y jywzgkcmwjy szj clicmvcm jywj mkrjl ~jlcik mcm i mìkokjmw`yikjmwi`y i`m ykwzcik`mjy i`wkgkcmcy q~ukocy c yz jmw`~m`-

Y`m icqcijy gj juqlkic~ jl ozmg` kmojgkcw` jm jl szj rkrjm, c qc~wk~gj yzy q~`qkcy `nyj~rcik`mjy { juqj~kjmikcy, { gjygj ce ~jlcik`mc~lc

i`m jl i`mìkokjmw` ikjmwi` szj cgszkj~jm { zwklkvcm jm `~ocykoqlj { lkmjcl- Gjyi~knjm ejie`y i`mi~jw`y { ykoqljy kmr`lzi~cmg` q~ìjy`y i`hmkwk/

r`y iò` ~ji`~gc~, jrìc~, kgjmwkic~-

Gjncf`gj K

:,35* L`y jywzgkcmwjy jm jywj mkrjl m y`m icqcijy gj l`h~c~ lcy ecnklkgcgjyjukhkgcy q`~ jl mkrjl K


42/52


L`y gcw`y q`~ mkrjljy gj gjyjoqj` jm Ikjmikcy i`m~ocm szj l`y qcyjy qzjgjm

ch~zqc~yj jm ~jlcikm c w~jy ykwzcik`mjy6

Jm Iznc, jl 2:* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy yj ykwc jm l`y Mkrjljy KKK { KR- Jm I`lònkc, Z~zhzc{ { jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm, ij~ic gj lc okwcg gj

l`y jywzgkcmwjy clicmvc jl Mkrjl KK-

Jm C~hjmwkmc, Jl Yclrcg`~, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~ { ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc oy gj

71* gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy yj znkic jm jl Mkrjl K { q`~ gjncf` gj l-

IzCg^` 32 Q@ÎJMWCFJ GJ JYWZGKCMWJY GJ 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC Q@^ MKRJL GJ

GJYJOQJ@ JM IKJMIKCY JM ICGC QCY

Qcy gjncf j k k kk kkk kRC~hjmwkmc :,9> 98,89 79,17 3>,89 3,38

I`lònkc >,2> 93,25 :3,1; 39,:; 3,1>

Iznc 1,>2 5,85 >:,;> 91,93 97,89

Jl Yclrcg`~ 9,85 77,89 7>,:: 5,>9 1,83

Qcmco 2,97 77,21 9;,5; 5,71 1,88

Qc~chzc{ 8,>1 72,35 95,33 8,:> 1,;;

Qj~ 2,;8 72,;9 9;,92 2,98 1,92

^- Gòkmkicmc 37,>; 2>,5> >3,:1 3,98 1,19Z~zhzc{ 3,2; >>,82 75,78 >7,13 9,12

Mzjr` Ljm >,:; 91,;5 78,85 32,95 >,>5

Wwcl qcyjy :,35 95,8> 7>,>7 33,71 >,72

Jl gjyjoqj` jm Ikjmikcy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj jyizjlcy ~z~cljy jy ojm`~ cl gj cszj/

ll`y szj cykywjm c ijmw~`y jgzicwkr`y z~ncm`y3>8-

Qj~ jy jl qcy szj q~jyjmwc oc{`~jy gkj~jmikcy jmw~j l`y ~jmgkokjmw`y gj l`y jywz/

gkcmwjy gj jyizjlcy z~ncmcy { ~z~cljy, clicmvcmg` oy gj :2 qzmw`y- Lj ykhzjm Jl Yclrcg`~{ Qcmco i`m cl~jgjg`~ gj 71 qzmw`y gj gkj~jmikc-

Q`~ jl `w~` juw~jo`, jmi`mw~co`y c Iznc szj m` q~jyjmwc gkj~jmikcy ykhmkicwkrcy

jmw~j l`y ~jmgkokjmw`y gj jywzgkcmwjy szj cykywjm c jyizjlcy ~z~cljy { l`y szj cykywjm c

jyizjlcy z~ncmcy, cykokyo` ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc q~jyjmwc omkocy gkj~jmikcy, n`~gjcm/

g` l`y 33 qzmw`y-



43/52



[ YJHM HMJ^@- IKJMIKCY 2 H^CG@

Qcy gj~jmic z~ncm ~cl gj~jmic Mc MC~hjmwkmc 3;,87& /:,12

I`lònkc >>,59& /35,;9&

Iznc 33,92 8,73

Jl Yclrcg`~ 73,;3& /31,32&

Qcmco 95,>8& 3,>2

Qc~chzc{ 91,>9& 3,55

Qj~ :2,35& /32,3>&

^- Gòkmkicmc 33,37& /1,2:

Z~zhzc{ >;,>5& /7,77Mzjr` Ljm >2,2:& /3>,88&

Wwcl CL { I / /33,:>&


Lc iòqc~cikm q`~hmj~` jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y gj Ikjmikcy ozjyw~c zmc rjmwcfc ykhmkic/

wkrc gj l`y mk`y q`~ y`n~j lcy mkcy jm lc ~jhkm- L`y mk`y nwkjmjm zm qzmwcfj q~òjgk`

szj jy yzqj~k`~ jm 33,: qzmw`y cl szj `nwkjmjm lcy mkcy- Jm I`lònkc, Jl Yclrcg`~, Qj~ { jl jywcg` ojukicm` gj Mzjr` Ljm, l`y mk`y

`nwkjmjm ~jyzlwcg`y ykhmkicwkrcojmwj oy clw`y szj lcy mkcy jm Ikjmikcy-

Jm i`mw~cywj, m` jukywjm gkj~jmikcy jywcgywkicojmwj ykhmkicwkrcy jmw~j mk`y {

mkcy jm C~hjmwkmc, Iznc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, ^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc { Z~zhzc{-

Jl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy ozjyw~c zmc ~jlcikm gk~jiwc i`m lc q~`gziikm kmwj~/

mc gj icgc qcy- JlQKNqj~ iqkwc mcik`mcl l`h~c juqlkic~ 33,:8* gj lcy rc~kcik`mjy jm jl

gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy jm Ikjmikcy-

L`y gcw`y kmgkicm szj jukywj zmc cyìkcikm kmrj~yc jmw~j jl cq~jmgkvcfj jm Ikjmikcy {lcy gjykhzclgcgjy jm lc gkyw~knzikm gjl kmh~jy`- Cy, lc rc~kcikm jm jli`jbikjmwjgjHkmk

juqlkic 91,25* gj lc rc~kcmvc jm lcy ojgkcy mcik`mcljy gj cq~jmgkvcfj jm Ikjmikcy-


44/52


Jm zm ojmycfj cljmwcg`~ qc~c w`g`y l`y ykywjocy jgzicwkr`y, jl YJÎJ ec q`gkg` i`my/

wcwc~ jm yz crcmij gjl jywzgk` gj ciw`~jy cyìkcg`y, szj lcy jyizjlcy qzjgjm ecij~ zmc

koq`~wcmwj i`mw~knzikm cl gjyjoqj` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy- Yk nkjm l`y ciw`~jy gj i`mwjuw`

yìk`ji`moki` wkjmjm zmc kmbzjmikc q`gj~`yc jm jl ~jmgkokjmw`, lcy rc~kcnljy cyìkcgcy

c lc jyizjlc qzjgjm i`mw~knzk~ ykhmkicwkrcojmwj c gkyokmzk~ lcy gjykhzclgcgjy gj cq~jm/

gkvcfj cyìkcgcy c gkyqc~kgcgjy yìkcljy-Jm i`mi`~gcmikc i`m l` `nyj~rcg` jm jl QJÎJ, jlilkoc jyi`lc~jy lc rc~kcnlj szj oc{`~

kmbzjmikc jfj~ij y`n~j jl ~jmgkokjmw` gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy- Q`~ wcmw`, lc hjmj~cikm gj zm

conkjmwj gj ~jyqjw`, ci`hjg`~ { q`ykwkr` jy jyjmikcl qc~c q~ò`rj~ jl cq~jmgkvcfj jmw~j

l`y jywzgkcmwjy-

ciw~jy cyicy cl lh~

w qjmjmwj

ZMJYI@/H-

Wjclgk


45/52


Lcy rc~kcnljy gj ~jiz~y`y jyi`lc~jy, jm i`mfzmw`, wconkm i`mw~knz{jm cl ~jmgkokjmw`-

Yk nkjm jy qjszjc lc i`mw~knzikm kmgkrkgzcl gj lc km~cjyw~ziwz~c, l`y yj~rkik`y nyki`y

gj lc jyizjlc, jl moj~` gj lkn~`y gj lc nknlk`wjic jyi`lc~ { l`y c`y gj juqj~kjmikc gjlgìjmwj4 jm yz i`mfzmw` jywcy rc~kcnljy cq`~wcm cl cq~jmgkvcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy- Cl

~jyqjiw` jl ojmycfj jyjmikcl szj szjgc jy szj l`y ~jiz~y`y y`m mjijyc~k`y qc~c koqzlyc~

jl ~jmgkokjmw`-

Lcyjh~jhcikm jyi`lc~q`~ i`mgkik`mjy yìk`ji`mokicy { izlwz~cljy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy

jy lc yjhzmgc rc~kcnlj gj oc{`~ koq`~wcmikc qc~c juqlkic~ jl ~jmgkokjmw`- Yz kmikgjmikc

jy oc{`~ jm Ljiwz~c jm iòqc~cikm i`m Ocwjowkic { Ikjmikcy- [ yk nkjm, ywc m` jy zmc

rc~kcnlj jgzicwkrc, q~`qkcojmwj wcl, izclszkj~ q~`h~jy` szj yj qzjgc ecij~ qc~c gkyokmzk~

jywc yjh~jhcikm jyi`lc~, w~cj~ koq`~wcmwjy crcmijy jm l`y l`h~`y { cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`yjywzgkcmwjy-


46/52


Lc jgzicikm gj iclkgcg jy zm gj~jie` gj w`g`y l`y mk`y { mkcy- Clicmvc~lc yj i`my/

wkwz{j jm zmc ylkgc ncyj qc~c jl gjyc~~`ll` y`ywjmknlj, jl crcmij gjoì~wki` { lc khzclgcg

yìkcl- Jl YJÎJ ~jq~jyjmwc zm jyzj~v` gj l`y qcyjy gj Co~kic Lcwkmc { jl Ic~knj { gj lc

@^JCLIZMJYI@ qc~c i`mw~knzk~ c ojf`~c~ lcy `q`~wzmkgcgjy jgzicwkrcy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy

{, jm lwkoc kmywcmikc, q~ò`rj~ jl gjyc~~`ll` jm lc ~jhkm-

Lc jrclzcikm ~jclkvcgc jm jl oc~i` gjl YJÎJ ec q~jyjmwcg` zm cmlkyky gj l` szjcq~jmgjm l`y jywzgkcmwjy, lcy gjykhzclgcgjy gj cq~jmgkvcfj { l`y ciw`~jy szj juqlkicm lcy

gkj~jmikcy jm jl l`h~`-

Imyj~cimjy bmcljy

w qjmjmwj

ZMJYI@/G-

^`hj~


47/52


Y`n~j l`y cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj Q~koc~kc

Jm w~okm`y gj gjyjoqj` cicgoki` yj jyqj~c szj zmc jgzicikm gj iclkgcg lljrj c clw`y

mkrjljy gj cq~jmgkvcfj gj w`g`y l`y jywzgkcmwjy, ykm mkmhm wkq` gj juilzykm- Lc qj~y/

qjiwkrc gj jszkgcg jy w~cmyrj~ycl cl YJÎJ, qzjyw` szj q`mj jl mcyky jm lcy i`mgkik`mjy

yìkcljy szj koqkgjm jl qljm` jfj~ikik` gjl gj~jie` c lc jgzicikm { jm lc `~oc jm szj lcy

jyizjlcy jszkqc~cm lcy `q`~wzmkgcgjy gj cq~jmgkvcfj gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy-

Jm lc ~jhm juywj mc oq~wcmwj rj~yc jm lc iclc jl cq~jmvcfj j ly

jywcmwjy-

Jyw` yj `nyj~rc jm w`gcy lcy ~jcy { h~cg`y jrclzcg`y, c qc~wk~ gj lc gkyqj~ykm gj l`y~jyzlwcg`y gjmw~` gj icgc qcy { jm lcy n~jiecy gj qzmwzcikm szj jukywjm jmw~j qcyjy-

Cy, jm 9j~ h~cg` yj jmizjmw~cm gkj~jmikcy, jmw~j l`y qcyjy gj oc{`~ { ojm`~ ~jmgk/

okjmw`, szj yzqj~cm l`y >91 qzmw`y, wcmw` jm Ljiwz~c iò` jm Ocwjowkic- Okjmw~cy szj

jm 2 h~cg` lcy gkj~jmikcy, czmszj y`m clh` ojm`~jy, ykhzjm yzqj~cmg` lcy g`y gjyrkcik`/

mjy jywmgc~ jm Ikjmikcy { jm Ocwjowkic, jm wcmw` jm Ljiwz~c lljhcm c 387,: qzmw`y-

Jywc gkrj~ykgcg jm lc iclkgcg gj l`y cq~jmgkvcfjy gj l`y jywzgkcmwjy yj qzjgj h~cic~,

khzclojmwj, i`m lc i`m`~ocikm gj 7 h~zq`y gj qcyjy yjhm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y q~òjgk` szj

clicmvc~`m jm lcy q~zjncy-

IzCg^` 35 I@OQC^CIKM GJ L@Y ^JYZLWCG@Y JYI@LC^JY JM 9j~ H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC

gj~jmic ~jyqjiw c lcojc ~jhmcl Ocwjowic Ljiw~c

Oc{`~ szj lc ojgkc c oy gjzmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~

Iznc Iznc

Oc{`~ szj lc ojgkc c ojm`ygj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~ gjgkywcmikc

Ieklj, I`ywc ^kic, Ouki`,Z~zhzc{ { Mzjr` Ljm

C~hjmwkmc, Ieklj, I`lònkc,I`ywc kic, Ouki`, Z~zhzc{ {Mzjr` Ljm-

Khzcl c lc ojgkc ~jhk`mcl C~hjmwkmc, N~cykl { I`lònkc N~cykl { Jl Yclrcg`~

Ojm`~ szj lc ojgkc c ojm`ygj zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~ gjgkywcmikc

Hzcwjoclc, Jizcg`~, JlYclrcg`~, Mkic~chzc, Qcmco,Qc~chzc{, Qj~ { ^jqnlkicGòkmkicmc

Jizcg`~, Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~c/hzc, Qcmco, Qc~chzc{, Qj~ {^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc


48/52


IzCg^` 3; I@OQC^CIKM GJ L@Y ^JYZLWCG@Y JYI@LC^JY JM 2 H^CG@ GJ Q^KOC^KC

gj~jmic ~jyqjiw clc ojc ~jhmcl Ocwjowic Ljiw~c Ijmicy

Oc{`~ szj lc ojgkc coy gj zmc gjyrkcikmjywmgc~

Iznc Iznc

Oc{`~ szj lc ojgkcc ojm`y gj zmcgjyrkcikm jywmgc~ gjgkywcmikc

C~hjmwkmc, Ieklj, I`ywc^kic, Ouki`, Z~zhzc{{ Mzjr` Ljm

I`ywc ^kic, Iznc,N~cykl, Ieklj, I`lònkc,Ouki`, Z~zhzc{ {Mzjr` Ljm

Z~zhzc{ { Mzjr` Ljm

Khzcl c lc ojgkc~jhk`mcl

N~cykl, I`lònkc { Qj~ C~hjmwkmc I`lònkc

Ojm`~ szj lc ojgkcc ojm`y gj zmcgjyrkcikm jywmgc~ gjgkywcmikc

Jizcg`~, Jl Yclrcg`~,Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc,Qcmco, Qc~chzc{ {^jqnlkic Gòkmkicmc

Jizcg`~, Jl Yclrcg`~,Hzcwjoclc, Mkic~chzc,Qcmco, Qc~chzc{,Qj~ { ^jqnlkicGòkmkicmc

C~hjmwkmc, Jl Yclrcg`~,Qcmco, Qc~chzc{,Qj~ { ^jqnlkicGòkmkicmc

Icnj yjclc~ szj cl `nyj~rc~ lcy gkj~jmikcy szj jukywjm jmw~j l`y qcyjy szj jywm jm

lc yjhzmgc { qjmlwkoc q`ykikm, lc gkj~jmikc gj yzy qzmwzcik`mjy ojgkcy cqjmcy yzqj~c

zmc gjyrkcikm jywmgc~ jm icyk w`g`y l`y icy`y, l` szj jrkgjmikc szj jukywj zmc oc{`~

eò`hjmjkgcg jmw~j l`y qcyjy szj m` jywm jm l`y juw~jo`y gj ~jmgkokjmw`- Jl icy` gjIkjmikcy jy jyqjikcl {c szj yj qcyc gj zmc gkj~jmikc gj >,9: gjyrkcik`mjy jywmgc~, jmw~j

l`y juw~jo`y, c 1,25 gjyrkcik`mjy gj gkj~jmikc, l` szj ozjyw~c zmc eò`hjmjkgcg oc{`~

jm l`y ~jyzlwcg`y kmwj~ojgk`y, { zmc gkywcmikc koq`~wcmwj i`m l`y juw~jo`y-

Jywc gkrj~ykgcg wconkm yj `nyj~rc cl kmwj~k`~ gj l`y qcyjy, cl iòqc~c~ lc gkj~jmikc

jukywjmwj jmw~j l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1, l` szj m`y qj~okwj jywcnljij~

izcw~` icwjh`~cy gj qcyjy wcmw` qc~c 9j~ iò` qc~c 2 h~cg`y gj Q~koc~kc, c ycnj~6

3+ Qcyjy iz{` ~cmh gj gkyqj~ykm jmw~j jl oy clw` { oy ncf` gjyjoqj` yj znkic

q`~ gjncf` gj l`y >11 qzmw`y4>+ Qcyjy i`m zmc rc~kcnklkgcg jmw~j l`y qj~ijmwkljy 31 { ;1 jmw~j >11 { >:14

9+ Qcyjy i`m zm ~cmh` gj gkyqj~ykm gj yzy gjyjoqj`y, yzqj~k`~ c >:1 qzmw`y, qj~`

kmj~k`~ c 911 {, mclojmwj

7+ Qcyjy i`m zmc rc~kcnklkgcg kmwj~mc yzqj~k`~ c l`y 911 qzmw`y

Jm jl icy` gj lcy qzmwzcik`mjy `nwjmkgcy q`~ l`y jywzgkcmwjy gj 9 j~ h~cg` gj Q~koc~kc,

lcy gkj~jmikcy yj ozjrjm jm zm ~cmh` szj rc gj l`y 32: c l`y 973 qzmw`y jm Ocwjowkic

{ jmw~j 359 { >;2 jm Ljiwz~c, l`y qcyjy szj ozjyw~cm zmc oc{`~ gkyqj~ykm kmwj~mc jm

Ocwjowkic { Ljiwz~c y`m Iznc, Z~zhzc{ { Qc~chzc{, okjmw~cy szj Mkic~chzc jy jl szj

q~jyjmwc ojm`~ gkyqj~ykm-

7/30/2019 UNESCO Executive Summ

unesco executive summary of 2006 education study (español)

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