types of non verbal com
DESCRIPTION
TYPES OF NON VERBAL COM. Most of us spend 75% of our waking hours communicating our knowledge/thoughts/ideas to others Great deal of our communication is in a non verbal form It includes facial expression/eye contact/tone of voice/body posture and motions/clothes we wear or silence we keep - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
•Most of us spend 75% of our waking hours communicating our knowledge/thoughts/ideas to others
•Great deal of our communication is in a non verbal form
•It includes facial expression/eye contact/tone of voice/body posture and motions/clothes we wear or silence we keep•Example of a movie hall
•Non verbal coined in the 20th century
ContdThe non verbal features include –
communication through touch/smell/clothing/masks/vocal features such as -stress-speech rate-accent –volume
There are so many definitions-it is the communication that uses non –
linguistic means to convey the message
Significance in OrganizationsSamuel Morse inventor of the first electric
telegraph invented special alphabets of dots and dashes called Morse code that is still used today-to communicate words quickly over distances-other codes developed to conceal the meaning of he messages-such codes have played significant role in a variety of military battles
Non verbal communication is nothing new “don’t watch a persons mouth but his fists” was the advice of Martin Luther the sixteenth century religious reformer
We all know that the our earliest communication successfully took place without words
-as babies we communicated with every body only through non verbal language-left behind but it has a profound subconscious effect
As professional we find that we are ill-equipped to cope with contradictions between verbal & nonverbal messages that will come across in the organization
We should know to use the non verbal clues-understanding /interpreting correcly
Research has shown that between 70 & 90% of the entire communication spectrum is non verbal
-You have to be aware of the different forms of non verbal communication you will encounter during negotiation/conferences
-We continually send & receive non verbal messages
-most of us are not aware
-doctors/politicians/CEO are excellent non verbal communicators-some call it charisma others call it style
If you are only aware of the senders verbal message you will likely miss the major portion of the overall communication
Being aware of both non verbal & verbal messages will give you an important edge
Skills in interpreting nonverbal communications will help you to collect useful information from others involved in the communication process
An awareness of nonverbal communication may also prevent you from harming your own position by inadvertently sending non verbal signals that disclose confidential information or a weakness in your position
Example-Different strokes for different folks-non verbal behaviours in different cultures can cause even greater problems than the ones related to language problems
Non verbal can be unintentional/unconscious-makes it difficult to study-scientific study –sophisticated recording
Non verbal cues are important in emotional communication
-regarded as central to inter-personal relationships
-Knowledge of non verbal communication is important for managers who serve as leaders of organizational teams for two reasons
First-to function effectively as a team leader-team members project attitudes/feelings/personal
needs /growth/achievement/recognition
Second-how something is expressed may carry more significance and weight than what is said-accompanied by a smile/frown/scolding voice or gentle voice
Those sending the message should understand themselves better
Silent language/nonverbal language important to management-leadership & decision making style
-in job interviews and advertising
Forms of Non Verbal Communication
Conscious non verbal communication-Senders of conscious no verbal communication are aware of what they are doing /example giving a hug –message is friendship
Subliminal Non Verbal communication-are communicated to the subconscious mind of the receiver/the uniform of a police /military-power
Voluntary or involuntary messages-Counscious and subliminal messages can be transmitted voluntarily or involuntarily
Involuntary non verbal communication-body language
Voluntary non verbal communication-Non verbal communication an be controlled by a knowledgeable person-A person knows that people telling lies blink their eyes/so takes special care not to blink his eyes
• Types of Non Verbal communication• It is a combination of cues and codes that
work together to produce a certain meaning
• There has to be integration of code and cues to give a meaning
• Their functions-To create impression-To manage interaction-To send relational message-To send power and persuasion
Kinesics Facial expression/posture/gesture
Oculesics Eye contact
Haptics The communication of touch
Proxemics The communication of space & proximity
Appearance and artifacts The physical characteristics/the attire/ac-cessories/perfume/makeup /jewellery etc
Paralinguistics/vocalics Variation in pitch/speed/volume and pauses
Chronemics The effects of time in communication
Gestures-are observed actions-Ambiguous or unambiguous/pointing at water
and mouth-wants to drink water-unnatural gestures-touching the body/playing
with objects like clothing or pens/lip licking smiling too often
-Beneficial gestures-performed with hands /arms and heads
-arms/hands
Conscious gestures-emblematic-gesture to sit down/propositional gesture-size/this big
Spontaneous Gestures-unplanned /unselfconscious-gestures while speaking on the phone
-Four types of spontaneous gestures-Iconic gestures may specify the manner in which
an action is to be carried out-Metaphoric gestures-no physical form /meeting
went on and on-hand indicating rolling motion-Deictics/locate in the physical space in front of the
narrator/to demarcate or wave away-Beat gestures/small baton like movements /she
talked first/I mean second accompanied by hand flicking down and then up
Oculesics-is the way eyes are used during a communication exchange
This may include eye contact or the avoidance of eye contact
It is also associated with kinesic movementsFor example regulators often rely on both a
kinesic component such as raising of an eye brow and an oculesic component such as looking into the eye of the other person to get a message
It is a powerful form of non verbal communication
Eye is the most noticeable non verbal behaviour that affects credibility-like old saying “eyes are your window to the world”
Good Eye contact enables the sender of a message to determine whether the receiver is paying attention/showing respect/responding favourably/feeling distress
Likewise the receiver ‘s perspective good eye contact reveals the speakers sincerity/confidence/truthfulness
The following can serve as effective guidance on eye contact
-If you have trouble staring someone in the look at someone in the eye look at something else on their face
When speaking to a group look at everyone
Look at people who are key decision makers or hold power
Look at reactive listenersDo not look at the floor /scripts or anything that
causes you tilt your head away from the receiverDo not look at bad listeners who may distract you
Haptics-Touching is our first non verbal experience in life
Through touch we learn to relate to people and objects
Touching is critical to our sense of wellbeing
We feel loved /cared for/respected/appreciated/emotionally supported with touch
This form of non verbal communication also exists in other communication activities such as handshake/touching someone’s feet to show respect
Haptic behaviour is used to indicate the degree of intimacy
Divided into-Functional/professional-Social/polite-friendship/warmth-love /intimacy
Touching patterns differ with children & adults/friends /strangers/subordinates and superiors in your work environment
In Indian context many managers feel uncertain whether to touch or not –or how –to touch other people at work –especially when the other person is of the opposite sex
Touch is an important way to convey warmth/comfort and reassurance can be ignored
Proxemics-space /distance /territory are factors related to proxemic communication
Space is the distance a person maintains between him/herself and his/her fellows and which he /she builds around him/her/in his/her home 7 office
The ways in which a person uses space may be very significant to communication
There are many different types of space that include ways in which we keep our home and office and how we maintain personal space
Personal space /area around our bodies which we do not want to be intruded-personal space is your bubble-the invisible boundary
Distance Relation Volume
Close (8 in to 12 in) Highly personal/seldom in public
Audible wishper/very confidential
Near(12 in to 36 in) Many social interaction occur
Indoors/soft voice
Neutral(4.5 ft to 5 ft) Most social gatherings and business transactions
Outdoors/full voice
Public distance 5.5 ft to 8 ft)
Business /social discourse/more formal
Full voice with slight over loudness
Across the room (8ft to 20 ft)
Far distance (20ft and more
Used by teachers/speakers at public gatherings
Public speaking by public figures
Loud voice talking to a group
Public address systems
Appearance and Artifacts-Potential employers/customers/colleagues are impressed by people who are trim/muscular and good in shape
One’s physical appearance creates an image of the person in the same way the other non verbal message do
People who look attractive are considered to be likable and persuasive/they have generally successful careers
They are more credible more often than less attractive people
You must always keep in mind the following in mind:-
Pay attention to good grooming /including a neat hairstyle/body hygiene/polished shoes and clean nails
Invest in professional looking clothing and accessories
Avoid flashy garments/clunky jewellery/garish make up and overpowering perfumes
Ensure that you feel comfortable in your attire and that your accessories suit you before embarking on your business day
Paralanguage/vocalics-You may have overheard two people arguing in the adjoining room even though you could not make out their words/their emotions and the fact they were arguing were explicit from the sound and tone of their voices
Likewise you might have heard two of your colleagues talking to each other in a different language other than yours/though you could not understand the contents you would have had some idea about their talk or at least their feelings-excitement/delight/frustration/ex-hausation/boredom or grief-from the tone of their voice and other non verbal means
Voice is an extraordinary human instrumentPeople from different walks of life recognize that
the human voice communicates something beyond language
These effects are referred o by impressionistic descriptions /such as tone of voice/voice quality/manner of speaking/or the way they said it
Para language refers to all vocally produced sound that is not a direct form of linguistic communication
Paralanguage includes utterance that may have strong signifying traits but no semantic meaning
This non lexical vocal communication may be considered a type of non verbal communication in its broadest sense as it can suggest many emotional nuances
This category includes a number of sub categories:
-Tone(direct/commanding/loud/harsh/disguised/soft/gentle/comforting/pleasing/volatile/scheming/sharp/boisterous/rage/nasal etc
-Inflection(spread-narrow)Stressing-I’ve got a BIG project/Stretching- I’ve got a B___i____g project/pausing-I’ve got ….a big project
Pitch(high-Low)Intensity-(loud-soft0Articulation(precise-imprecise)Rhythm-(smooth-jerky)
Quality-Dysfluencies/pauses(silence-vocalized)-
phwe/uh/oh/-tempo/pacing(rapid-slow)speaking too quickly
Chronemics-use of time as a message system-including punctuality/waiting time/time spent