Types of Cells

Prokaryotic- no nucleus. Simple cells. Found in bacteria

Eukaryotic- nucleus. Complex cells. Found in animals, plants

Cell Organelles- parts

The nucleus is the storehouse for DNA and controller of the cell.

The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane (envelope)

DNA makes up chromosomes, which carry the genetic code for a cell.

Nucleus

The Nucleus

Cell (plasma) Membrane

Surrounds the cell, like the “skin” of the cell.

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support for the cell.

Cell (plasma) membrane

CELL MEMBRANE

THE CELL MEMBRANE HAS 2 LAYERS

-bilipid layer with

floating proteins

Cytoplasm

a thick liquid inside all cells aka “Cell Jelly”

Supports all cell organelles

CYTOPLASM

Ribosome

Creates and Assembles small protein parts

Located on the surface of the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum or free floating.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of tubes that assembles and transport materials.

The ER is made up of rough and smooth regions

“Highways”

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

This is Rough Endoplasmic

reticulum. Notice the ribosomes!

• Rough ER = with ribosome • Transports proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

rough ER(with ribosomes)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Smooth = No ribosomes

•Creates and Transports lipids

Golgi Apparatus (Bodies/complex)

The Golgi is in charge of secretion of chemicals.

1) Substances arrive there and are changed

2) Then they are repackaged and sent other places in the cell.

3) Sometimes substances are sent out of the cell.

Golgi Bodies

Golgi Bodies

Lysosomes

cells' garbage disposal system

contain enzymes that break apart nearly all cell molecules.

digest worn out cell parts

If the lysosome breaks, it can destroy the cell!

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the energy production centers of the cell.

Mitochondria convert glucose and O2 into energy.

“powerhouse”

Many found in muscle cells.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

Vacuoles

The vacuole is a fluid filled organelle that stores amino acids, sugars, water and wastes.

Much larger in plants.

Plant vacuole

Animal vacuole

Typical Animal Cell

Typical Plant Cell

Golgi body

chloroplast

mitochondria cell wall

plasma membrane

endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

central vacuole

Centrioles

1) found only in animal cells

2) involved in cell reproduction

Movie

A word about plants…

Plant cells contain additional organelles that are absent from

animal cells!

Cell Wall

Plant cells are also surrounded by a cell wall, in addition to a plasma membrane.

The cell wall is a tough layer that supports a cell and gives it shape.

Cell wall

Cell membrane

ChloroplastThe chloroplast is a special organelle necessary to

carry out photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment.

They belong to a group of organelles called “Plastids”. They are involved in the synthesis and storage of food products.