World Bank Financed Project | E584Volume 8

Tunbao to Banqiao Rural Road

Environmental Impact Assessment &Environmental Management Plan

Hubei Provincial Communications Department

March 2002 Wuhan China

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................... ]

1.1 Project Background ......................................... 1

1.2 EA Category ..........................................

1.3 EA Objectives and Documentation ......................................... 2

1.4 Basis of EA ......................................... 2

1.5 Assessment Scope and Factors ......................................... 3

1.6 Assessment Standards ......................................... 4

Chapter 2 Project Description ......................................... 6

2.1 Project Justification ......................................... 6

2.2 Upgrading and Engineering Contents ......................................... 7

2.3 Construction Schedule ......................................... 8

2.4 Analysis of Alternatives ......................................... 8

Chapter 3 Environmental Baseline ........................................ 10

3.1 Physical Setting ........................................ 10

3.2 Social Environment ........................................ I 1

3.3 Ecological Environment ........................................ 12

3.4 Natural Resources ........................................ 13

3.5 Sensitive Receptors ........................................ 13

3.6 Baseline Environmental Quality ........................................ 15

Chapter 4 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ........................................ 17

4.1 Air Impact and Mitigation ........................................ 17

4.2 Soil Erosion Impact and Mitigation ........................................ 18

4.3 Borrow Pits and Disposal Sites Impacts and Mitigation ........................................ 1 9

4.4 Noise Impact and Mitigation ........................................ 19

4.5 Water Impacts and Mitigation ........................................ 21

4.6 Impact on Traffic and Mitigation ........................................ 22

4.7 Construction Camps and Construction Management ........................................ 23

4.8 Social Impacts ........................................ 23

4.9 Indigenous People ........................................ 25

4.10 Environmental Benefits ........................................ 26

4.11 Other safeguard policies ........................................ 26

Chapter 5 Public Consultation ........................................ 28

5.1 Methodology ........................................ 28

5.2 Public Concerns and Responses ........................................ 31

5.3 Public Information Disclosure ........................................ 32

Chapter 6 EIA Summary ........................................ 34

Chapter 7 Environmcntal Management Plan ....................... 36

7.1 Composition of EMP .36

7.2 Environmental Management Organizations .38

7.3 Environmental Management and Impact Mitigation .40

7.4 Environmental Supervision Plan .44

7.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan .44

7.6 Personnel Training .45

7.7 Cost for Environmental Management .46

List of Table

Table 1.6-1 Class 11 Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1966) mg/mi .............................................. . 4

Table 1.6-2 Noise Standards dB(A) ........................................ 4

Table 1.6-3 Construction Noise Standards dB(A) .. 4

Table 1.6-4 Surface Water Quality Standards mg/L .. 4

Table 1.6-5 Soil Erosion Categorization t/km2 a .. 5

Table 2.1 -1 Existing Conditions of Tun-Ban Road .. 6

Table 2.2-1 Key Technical Specifications for Tun-Ban Road Upgrading . . 8

Table 2.2-2 Project Engineering Scale .. 8

Table 3.1-1 Rivers Intersected by Tun-Ban Road .. 10

Table 3.2-1 Key economic indicators of Enshi City (RMB million) 1. .

Table 3.3-1 Exiting Soil Erosion Conditions .12

Table 3.5-1 Sensitive Receptors along Tun-Ban Road .13

Table 3.5-1 Sensitive Receptors along Tun-Ban Road (Continued) .14

Table 3.6-1 Existing Surface Water Quality (mg/L) .15

Table 3.6-2 Existing Ambient Air Quality (mg/Nm3 ) ..................................... 15

Table 3.6-3 Existing Noise Levels at Sensitive Receptors (dB(A)) . .................................. 16

Table 4.1-1 The Effect of Watering for Dust Supression .18

Table 4.4-1 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures .21

Table 4.8-I Economic Benefits from the Upgrading .24

Table 4.9-1 Ethnic Composition, 1990 xl000 .25

Table 5.1-1 People Participated in Public Consultation Program ................................................ 28

Table 5.1-2 Public Consultation .28

Table 5.1-3 Public Response to Questions from the Questionnaire .30

Table 7.2-1 Major Environmental Management Organizations ............................................................ 40

Table 7.2-2 Major Environmental Supervision Organizations .40

Table 7.3-1 Environmental Management and impact Mitigation ......................................................... 41

Table 7.3-1 Environmental Management and impact Mitigation (Continued) ..................................... 42

Table 7.3-1 Environmental Management and impact Mitigation (Continued) ..................................... 43

Table 7.4-1 Environmental Supervision Plan .................................................................. 44

Table 7.5-1 Environmental Monitoring Program .................................................................. 44

Table 7.5-1 Environmental Monitoring Program (Continued) .............................................................. 45

Table 7.6-1 Environmental Training Program .................................................................. 46

Table 7.7-1 Estimated Costs for Environmental Management in Construction .................................... 46

Table 7.7-1 Estimated Costs for Environmental Management in Construction (Continued) ................ 47

Table 7.7-2 Estimated Costs for Environmental Management in Operation ......................................... 47

Environmental Impact Assessment & .................................................................. 52

List of Map

Map I Location of Tun-Ban Road

Map 2 The Alignment of Tun-ban Road

Map 3 Environmental Sensitive Receptors along the Road

Map 4 Location of Planned Monitoring Sites

List of Abbreviations

BP Best Procedure

COD Chemical Oxygen Consumption (Demand)

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPB Environmental Protection Bureau

GB National Standard

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GHZB National Environmental Quality Standard

GP Good Practice

HJ/T Environmental/Technical

HPCD Hubei Provincial Communications Department

HPRARI Hubei Provincial Relic & Archaeological Research Institute

LAeq Continuous Equivalent Sound A Level

MOC Ministry of Communications

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

OD Operational Directive

OP Operational Policy

PRC the People's Republic of China

SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration

SS Suspended Solid

THC .Tetrahydrocannabinol

TSP Total Suspended Particle

WBFPO World Bank Financed Project Office

Tun-Ban Road Tunbao (township) to Banqiao (township) Road

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

The proposed Tunbao to Banqiao road (Tun-Ban road) upgrading is part of therural road upgrading component in the World Bank financed Xiaogan toXiangqian Expressway Project. Tun-Ban road is located in northwest part ofEnshi city, capital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Region, Hubeiprovince(see Map 1). With mountainous and complex terrain configurations, theroad area is difficult to access. As the road transportation is the only modemground transportation mode, approximately 99% of the goods and passengers toand from northwest Enshi is through Tun-Ban road. As such the road play animportant role in economic and cultural life of the people of north Enshi city, aswell as a prior condition for poverty alleviation for the mountainous region.

Tun-Ban road is an existing country road with a total length of 64 km. The roadextends through Tunbao, Mufu and Banqiao townships (Map 2) and through NH318 and NH209 connects with the Enshi city proper. The existing gravel road ismostly Grade IV and below grade, and the very poor road quality has beenseriously affecting the transportation capacity in the area. In order to alleviate thetransportation bottleneck, promote the regional economic development, improveaccess to services and market, increase the standard of living and alleviate thepoverty for the people in northwest Enshi, Enshi government has decided toupgrade the road along the original alignment, from below grade gravel road orbarely Grade IV to full Grade IV road standards.

Together with three other rural roads, Tun-Ban road has been included in theHubei rural road upgrading component of the Xiaogan to Xiangfan ExpresswayProject to be partially financed by the World Bank. The roads in this componenthave been selected through the following four criteria, set out jointly by HubeiProvincial Communication Departments (HPCD) and the World Bank:

* Minimum resettlement and relocation and the adverse impacts andcompensation thus caused;

* Minimum earth work and the resulting adverse impacts to the environment;* Maximum effect in improvement of poverty conditions of the rural residents

along the roads; and* Maximum role in strengthening the mountain area road network.

1.2 EA Category

As part of the project preparation and decision making process, an environmentalassessment (EA) was conducted by Environmental Impact Assessment Institute ofGeology University of China (the EA team) for Tun-Ban road. According to therelevant requirements for environmental impacts assessment for international

Map 1: The Location of Tun-ban Road

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Map 2: The Alignment of Tun-Ban Road2 :. t. /s., / " t

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financial institution financed projects from the State Environmental ProtectionAdministration (SEPA) and operational policies of the World Bank, this projecthas been designated as Category A project.

1.3 EA Objectives and Documentation

The project EA is to investigate, monitor and analyze the natural and socio-economic environment baseline and quality, assess quantitatively andqualitatively various impacts from the project construction and operation, anddesign measures for mitigating adverse impacts and prepare environmentalmanagement plan.

More specifically, the objectives of the EA are to:

* Support project decision-making to ensure the project is environmentallysound and appropriate;

* Identify the environmental consequences of the project in early projectpreparation stage so that appropriate actions can be incorporated into theproject design; and

* Design measures for adverse impacts prevention, mitigation and reduction tominimum levels as well as compensation for avoided significant impactsaccording to the result of impact assessment and prediction.

EA results are presented in this Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) report.A stand alone report on Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has alsoprepared as part of the EA documentation. Finally, an EA Sumnmary is preparedwhich presents concisely the main findings of all three Project components of theXiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway Project: the main expressway, connecting roadsand rural road upgrading in which Tun-Ban road is a part of. The original EIAreport in Chinese has been submitted to relevant authorities for approval and thecurrent document is the English translation. The EA team certify that althoughthere are some minor discrepancies in expressions due to differences in Englishand Chinese languages, there is no critical difference of substance between thetwo versions.

The preliminary results of the EA (draft report) have been released to the public.The EA team is committed to again making public release of the final report onceit is approved by SEPA and the World Bank through distribution in the publicaccessible places along the road such as primary schools, libraries and publicinformation centers for public review.

1.4 Basis of EA

The EA has been prepared based on the following regulatory framework:

* Environmental Protection Law of PRC of December 26, 1989;

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* Land Management Law of PRC of August 29, 1998;* Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC of June 29, 1991;* Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of May 15, 1996;* Noise Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 29, 1996;* Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of April 29, 2000;* Rules of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects,

issued by the State Council of PRC;* Measures Concerning with the Environmental Protection and Management

for Transportation Construction Projects, issued by MOC;* The Technical Rules for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3-

93,HJ/T2.4-1995,IJ/T19-1997); issued by SEPA;* Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and

Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from InternationalFinancial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State PlanningCommission, the Ministry of Finance and the People' s Bank of China; and

* Hubei Provincial Environmental Management Methods for ConstructionProjects, issued by Hubei EPB, 1993.

As this is a World Bank financed project, key safeguards policies from the Bankare also part of the EA basis. The policies which may be applied in full or simplyin a screening process include:

* Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01);* Forestry (OP/GP4.36);* Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04);* Involuntary Resettlement (OD4.30);* Indigenous People (OD4.20); and* Cultural Property (OPN 11.03 and soon to be OP4. 11);

Because of its nature and scope, the project does not involve the issues covered byother safeguards policies, which are not applicable to this project.

Finally the EA is carried out based on other relevant project documents includingFeasibility study report for the World Bank Financed Rural Road UpgradingProject Tun-Ban Road by HPCD, March 2002, Cultural Relics Report byHPRARI, March 2002 and Social Assessment Report for the road, completed in2002.

1.5 Assessment Scope and Factors

The scope of the EA covers 200 m on both sides of Tun-Ban road. The scope maybe extended when it comes to assessment of social environment, standard ofliving, ecosystem and sources of pollution.

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According to the EA TOR and past experience with EA of similar road projects,the key environmental factors covered by the EA include:

* Noise: Leq;* Ambient air: NOR, NO2, TSP;* Water environment: SS, COD, Oil;* Ecosystem: Vegetation, soil erosion;* Socio-economic enviromnent: Social economics, standard of living, and

cultural properties.

1.6 Assessment Standards

The environmental quality and impact assessment are based on applicable stateand provincial standards. The applicable classification and categorization of thestandards are designated by relevant state and provincial regulatory agencies.More stringent standards may be applied to sensitive receptors.

Air (Air Quality Standards, GB3095-1966):

Table 1.6-1 Class II Air Quality Standards (GB3095-196 ) mg/m 3

Item NOQ NO, TSPDaily average 0.1 0.12 0.31 hr. average 0.15 0.24

Noise (Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards GB3096-93 for operation andConstruction Site Boundary Noise Limits, GB12523-90 for construction):

Table 1.6-2 Noise Standards dB(A)Category Day time Night Applicable Area

1 55 45 Schools, hospitals, seniors housesl ll 60 50 Villages, townships

Table 1.6-3 Construction Noise Standards dB(A)Construction stage Noise sources Noise limit (Day) Noise limit (night)

Earth work Bulldozer, excavator, loader 75 55Piling Piling/driving machine 85 Not allowed

Structure Concrete mixer, vibrator 70 55Finishing Cranes, lifts I_ I

Surface water (Category III Surface Water Quality Standards, GHZB1-1999):

Table 1.64 Surface Water Quality Standards mg/LItems Concentrations

COD < 20Oil < 0.05SS < 150

NH3-N < 0.5

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Soil erosion (Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of RoadConstruction Project, Interim):

Table 1.6-5 Soil Erosion Categorization t/km2 aCategorization Soil Erosion Intensity

Slight erosion 1000Light erosion 1000 -2500

Medium erosion 2500-5000Heavy erosion 5000- 8000

Very heavy erosion 8000- 15000Severe erosion > 15000

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Chapter 2 Project Description

2.1 Project Justification

Tun-Ban road is the most important road for the northwest part of Enshi city andis one of the key gateways for the whole region. The indigenous products andselenium rich green vegetable exclusively from the mountain area of Enshi relyon Tun-Ban to reach outside markets. The both ends of Tun-Ban road wasconstructed in the 1950' s while the middle sections in the 1960' s. Over theyears of construction and upgrading, the whole road was finally completed in1991. Now Tun-Ban road was surfaced with gravel/clay with adequate drainagesystem. Except a small section which barely meets Grade III standards, most partsare Grade IV or below grade road. The current conditions of the road aresummarized in Table 2.1-1.

Table 2.1-1 Existing Conditions of Tun-Ban RoadNo. Item Technical specificationsI Classifications Grade IV/below grade2 Vehicle lane width 3.5-7 m3 Road base width 6.5-7.5 m4 Minimum surface curve radius 12 m5 Maximum slope gradient 10%6 Minimum horizontal radius 80 m7 Minimum vertical radius 90 m9 Vehicle stop visual distance 18 m

The table shows that the existing road conditions are poor due to the narrow lane,sharp turns and high slopes (see following photos). As Enshi has highprecipitation, average of nearly 1300 mm per year, the poor conditions often haltand interrupt the traffic resulting in closure of part or even whole road duringdrain and snow storms. The traffic interruption forces the vehicles to detour amuch longer road. Based on the recent statistics, the average distance driven bymotor vehicles between Tunbao and Banqiao is 82.6 km at average speed of 20km/hr. for the actual Tun-Ban road length of 64 km, due to the detours duringtraffic interruptions on the road. Clearly, such detours have caused significantwastage in fuels, time and transportation efficiencies.

The poor road conditions not only cause traffic interruption, it also is the mainreasons for over a dozen of traffic accidents on the road every year, causing onaverage RMB2500 loss per vehicle involved in the accidents. Furtherrnore, theroad is dusty in the dry days and muddy in the rainy days, constantly affecting thesurrounding environment and/or the driving conditions.

At the same time, the traffic has been increasing at a rate of 12% per year withgoods, passenger and agricultural vehicles. It is the most critical gateway for themovement of goods and people in the region, as well as local agricultural

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activities. The poor conditions are affecting the economic development of the area,quality of access to markets and services, and improvement of standard of living.Therefore, Tun-Ban road must be upgraded to resolve the bottleneck the regionaltransportation and development.

Existing Road Conditions

2.2 Upgrading and Engineering Contents

The project is primarily upgrading of the existing road to widen the road base,increase the drainage capacity, construct or extend bridges and culverts andupgrade surface pavement. More specifically, the upgrading will include:

* Earth work (cut and fill) to expand and widen the road base;* Straightening and reduction of sharp tums;* Elimination of steep slopes and reduction of gradients;* Construction of drainage and other protection facilities along the road;* Leveling of the road surface;* Asphalt pavement of the entire road and* Installation of road control and safety signage.

According to project design documents, the upgrading will not involve anyresettlement or relocation. There will not be enough materials from excavation tosatisfy the need for fill through materials balance, the project will need

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approximately extra 24,444 m3 earth and stone works as fill materials. Thesematerials will be excavated from the project area in 2 borrow pits. The disposalmaterials are in small quantity (about 15,000 m3 ).

According to the latest traffic forecast, the traffic volume of the Tun-Ban road willbe 774 to 789 per day by 2010 and 1667 to 1676 per day by 2025. Therefore, itwas decided to upgrade the existing road to Grade IV standards with two lanesand a traffic capacity of 200 - 1500 medium truck equivalent per day. The keytechnical specifications of the Grade IV road are summarized in Table 2.2-1 andthe project scale, in Table 2.2-2.

Table 2.2-1 Key Technical Specifications for Tun-Ban Road UpgradingNo. Items Standards

l Road classification IV2 Design motor vehicle speed 30 km/hr.3 Road driving lane width 6 m4 Road base width 7 m6 Minimum curve radius 15 m7 Maximum slope gradient 9%8 Design motor vehicle load 20 - 100

Table 2.2-2 Project Engineeri ng ScaleEngineering items Unit Quantity

Length km 64Earth work & Stone work m3 593,300Protection & Drainage works m3 180,100New bridge m/no. 170/4Culverts No. 195Road pavement xl000 m2 385.5

The total capital cost for the Tun-Ban road upgrading is RMB89.87 million. Thefunding will partially be from a World Bank loan and partially from the localgovernment.

2.3 Construction Schedule

According to Project Implementation Plan of HPCD, construction for theproposed road is planned to commence in August 2003. The project will becompleted in July 2005. The construction period is about two years.

2.4 Analysis of Alternatives

The upgrading is carried out entirely on existing Tun-Ban road. An alternative isto build the road partially or entirely on new alignment. However, the newalignment approach will involve occupation of land, resettlement and relocation,damage of vegetation, more earth work, increased soil erosion as well as higher

8

engineering cost. Socially, over the years rural residents have built theircommunities with the consideration of the using the existing road. A rural road ona new alignment might not provide the same level of convenience and access asthe existing one. Furthermore, the project area is mountainous and there is notmuch alternative transportation corridor for road construction without theextensive mountain cut and fill.

Clearly, a selection of upgrading/construction the rural road on the new alignmentwould have much higher environmental and social adverse impacts than theupgrading on the existing road. The final selection for the project is the upgradingof existing Tun-Ban road and the following EA focuses primarily this alternative.

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Chapter 3 Environmental Baseline

3.1 Physical Setting

Project Locatin

Enshi city where Tun-Ban road is located is situated in east longitude 109'4' to109058' and north latitude 29°50' with a total area of 3967 km2. The city isbordered with Chongqing municipality to the north, Xuan to the south, Lichuanand Xuanfeng to the west and Jianshi and Hefeng to the east. Except Chongqing,all other bordering jurisdictions are part of Hubei province (Map 2).

Terrain

Tun-Ban road is located in a hilly area. The mountains are mostly in southwest tonortheast direction, so is the major rivers in the region. Within the Enshi city thereare over 30 relatively large rivers belonging to the Qing river system, which inturn is a major tributary of the Yangzi river. Tun-Ban road however, intersectswith only four relatively small rivers as shown in Table 3.1-1.

Table 3.1-1 Rivers lntersected by Tun-Ban RoadNo. River Pile No.

___________I__ I Qiaotou river KO+2002 Shigiao river K26+7003 Maguan river K28+5004 Yunlong river K53+500

Climate

The project area is located in sub-tropical zone with mild climate throughout theyear with rare extreme cold or hot weather. There is relatively high humidity yearround, with frequency of occurrence of precipitation, foggy, and overcast day butlow frequency of occurrence of sunshine. The huge differential elevation withinthe region also result in significant weather conditions in the area. The averageannual temperature is 12°C (16.3°C in low, 13.4°C in mid and 7.3°C in highaltitude area), with maximum temperature of 39°C typically in July and minimumtemperature of -15°C typically in January. The non-frost period is 245 days peryear on average (238-348 days in low, 237-264 in mid, and 170-233 in highaltitude area). The annual precipitation is 1650 mm mostly in the summer. Therelative humidity is 82% on average (82% in low, 85% in mid and 82% in highaltitude). The predominate wind direction is from southeast with average windspeed of 2.5 m/s.

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3.2 Social Environment

Enshi region has eight counties and county level cities with a total population of3.81 million. The cultivable land is 803,700 mu (I5 mu to a hectare), averaged1.06 mu per capita. With the special support from the Hubei provincialgovernment to this only ethnic minority (Tujia nationality) inhabited area, theeconomy of the city has steadily expanded over the last 20 years and reachedRMB14.7 billion in GDP in 1999, which is equivalent of an annual growth of11.13% every year. The average rural residents net income has reached RMB 1539per capita per year while their urban counterparts, RMB5644 per capita per year.The key economic factors of Enshi city are presented in Table 3.2-1.

Table 3.2-1 Key economic indicators of Enshi City (RMB million)Indicator 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999

GDP 145.1 257.2 572.1 953.2 1,473.0Budgetary revenue 12.6 17.2 67.5 61.0 141.1

Total retail sales 68.0 144.2 217.5 428.7 745.1

Despite the economic progress over the last 20 years, the total economy is stillvery small and the standard of living is very poor due mainly to the severe naturalconditions, poor infrastructure, education and poor transportation. There is sill avery large population living under the poverty line. The urbanization and producecommercialization rates are very low. The township and village enterprises (TVE)development is limited.

Within the Enshi city where the Tun-Ban road is located, there are 13 townships,three urban neighborhood committees in the urban area and 597 villages, with atotal population of 756,600, of which the 620,800 are agricultural population.Tujia and Miao ethnic nationalities are about 38.5% the general population. Bythe end of 2000, there were 52,300 or 8.2% of rural population living below theabsolute poverty line of RMB625 per capita. Furthermore, a whole 41% ofpopulation or 260,300 have per capita net income below RMBI000 per year.Along Tun-Ban road, the average annual income is RMB900 to 1300 per capita.Clearly, poverty alleviation is a major task for the regional development.

The city plans to expand rapidly the regional economy. By 2005 GDP will reachRMB29 billion through an annual growth of 12%; budgetary revenue, RMB300million or 13% per year, and rural residents income, RMB2480 per capita per yearor 10% per year for the next five years. According to the economic developmentmaster plan, the city will focus on poverty alleviation and conversion fromagriculture based economy to industry based economy. The city is to utilize itsunique resources in selenium rich green food processing to build the first rankingcounty level integrated green food production and processing base in the country.The success of the economic development plan relies on the sufficient roadtransportation network.

Tun-Ban road links two townships and 80 administrative villages, with 91,240mostly rural residents living within a 5 km on the both sides of the road. Thepopulation density is the highest near the road, reaching 14,143 per squarekilometer. The residents along the road are mostly farmers with a few intransportation and trading businesses. The 2000 per capita income is RMB2307.While this has been a substantial increase compared with the past, it is still verylow and far below the Hubei average level.

3.3 Ecological Environment

Soil and Vegetation

The major soil type is yellow and brown clay. The forest/woodland coverage is55%. There is no precious tree or vegetation species along Tun-Ban road andthere is no natural reserve within 50 km from the road site.

Enshi is a major herb medicine production base in central China with bout 390species of vegetation. Of the 80 major herb medicines produced in Hubeiprovince, 30 are from Enshi area. Some such as Yaogui and Bendang are worldfamous. The herbs primarily grow in the high mountain area.

Animals

Due to the long history of human activities in the project area and the change inthe natural environment, there is no observed or recorded wild animals activitiesin the Tun-Ban road area in the past 15 years. Some such as fox are observed inthe high altitude mountains and certain species of fish and other aquatic life inarea rivers.

Soil Erosion

The project is in the mountainous area with relative low population intensity.According to information from Enshi Hydrology Bureau, the current soil erosionarea and intensity in the project area vary among the three townships the roadpasses, because of the differences in soil nature, landscaping and terrain. Table3.3-1 presents the existing soil erosion conditions in the three townships that Tun-Ban road directly affects.

Table 3.3-1 Exi ting Soil Erosion ConditionsItems Pro ect Area Townships

Tunbao Mufu BangiaoSoil erosion area (km2) 142.7 100.0 88.2

Total area (km2) 258.5 278.6 267.8% area affected by soil erosion 55.2% 35.9% 32.9%

Average soil erosion intensity (t/km2a) 4122 3654 2101Soil intensity grade III III II

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3.4 Natural Resources

Tourism

Tun-Ban road does not go through or near any tourist attractions.

Mineral Resources

There are 39 known mineral reserves in Enshi including selenium, coal, iron, clay,aluminum and phosphorus.

Hydro Resources

The city has over 30 large rivers/creeks and may more small ones. Because of thehigh differential elevations, there is substantial hydro power resources.Theoretically there are 620,000 kw in reserve and 520,000 can be developed,which is one of the hydro rich counties in Hubei province. Presently, hydro poweralready explored is only 21% of the reserves and there is large potential to beexplore.

Cultural Proprty

The site investigation (a walk through of the site i.e. the existing road, by culturalrelics professionals of HPRARI and Enshi cultural bureau) showed no culturalproperty observed or discovered along Tun-Ban road.

3.5 Sensitive Receptors

The EA team conducted a site investigation for sensitive receptors along Tun-Banroad in July to August 2001. The results show there are 13 schools, four hospitals,two townships and four creeks along the road. The sensitive receptors arepresented in Table 3.5-1 and locations of receptors and monitoring forenvironmental baseline can be seen in Map 3. Representative sensitive spots areshown as following Photos.

Table 3.5-1 Sensitive Receptors along Tun-Ban RoadNo. Name Pile No. Distance to Description

the roadI Tunbao middle school KO+250 50 m 612 students and teachers2 Shiyuangiang primary school K7+220 30 m 35 student and teachers3 Tianwan primary school K16+390 50 m 31 student and teachers4 Mazhe Minzu primary school K19+960 100 m 81 student and teachers5 Yingshang primary school K37+240 30 m 33 student and teachers6 Mufu primary school K39+420 100 m 121 student and teachers7 Daba primary school K43+000 50 m 29 student and teachers8 Damiao primary school K45+040 50 m 34 student and teachers9 Haoba primary school K59+150 50 m 46 student and teachers

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5 Se s2411 4 ~~~~~~~~~~"ISM- Ms* 14 Wnn ftplf _"wM la.ss I bW1s\

4 I&ft pff." h.W K32142% 10. Iii .04.0. 00

rUSt@ g D poss, bt S mb.0.poo~.ysoho. 050._ 0 f I cnq K64

Town ])Ta Enshi _ . _ _ . wew . _ _ 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tw Fngi

Map 3: Environmental Sensitive Receptors along Tun-Ban Road, .R " ~tffi J,; ', N N A, 3 h A ,

Table 3.5-1 Sensitive Receptors along Tun-Ban Road (Continued)No. Name Pile No. Distance to Description

the road10 Mufu township K39+400 5-10 m

-900

11 Banqiao township K62+500 5-10 mto K64

12 Mugong hospital K31+150 25 m 5 beds13 Mufu hospital K39+430 lOm 10 beds14 Wanhe hospital K53+500 10 m 5 beds15 Qiaotou creek KO+850 Irrigation16 Shiqiao creek K26+700 Irrigation and washing17 Mayuan creek K28+500 Irrigation and washing18 Yunlong creek K53+500 Hydro power

a~~- i 1a.. -; Ef:El

~~~ILJ Ii _ 4 i-.3r

Shiyuanqiang primary school (K7+220) Yingshang primary school (K37+240)

- - r 1j 1 _t. I y -

Mufu hospital (K39+430) Mayuan creek (K28+500)

14

d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Yunlong creek (K53+500) Shiqiao creek (K26+700)

3.6 Baseline Environmental Quality

Water

The site investigation shows that within the project area as well as 5 kmdownstream from the project, there is no water intake. The rivers are primarilyfor irrigation and some also used for laundry and washing by local residents.Surface water quality was monitored for rivers crossed by Tun-Ban road and theresults are presented in Table 3.6-1

Table 3.6-1 Exis ting Surface Water Quality (mg/L)No. Locations Monitoring results (exceeding the standards)

COD SS Oil1 Qiaotou creek 7.1 8.2 ND*2 Shiqiao creek 7.6 9.6 ND3 Mavuan creek 6.8 7.0 ND4 Yunlong creek 7.5 9.1 ND

*ND: Non Detectable

The monitoring results show that water quality complies with the applicablestandards designated to for the rivers in the area, indicating good existing waterquality.

Air

Monitoring results for existing ambient air quality are presented in Table 3.6-2.

Table 3.6-2 Existing Ambient Air Quality (mg/Nm 3)Location 1 hr. average i Daily average

No.ofsample Range I Day 1 Day2 Day 3 1 Day4 Day 5NO2

Mufu 20 0.010-0.059 1 0.059 0.058 0.059 0.058 0.059Banqiao 20 0.020-0.036 1 0.035 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.035

TSPMufu O. . 0,14I 2 0.14 1 0.149

Bangiao 0.174 0.162 0.171 0.168 1 0.163

The monitoring results show that all samples met the applicable Class II standards(NO2 1 hr. average 0.24, daily average 0.12 mg/Nm3 and TSP daily average 0.3mg/Nm3) or even Class I standards, indicating high existing ambient air quality inthe project area.

NoQise

To determine the existing acoustic quality, noise levels were monitored atsensitive receptors. The actual monitoring locations were 5 m from the first rowof classroom or clinic ward facing the road. Table 3.6-3 shows the results.

Table 3.6-3 Existing Noise Levels at Sensitive Recep ors (dB(A))No. Sensitive Receptors Noise levels Exceeding St andards by

Day Night Day NightI Tunbao middle school 36.9 30.52 Shiyuangiang primary school 38.8 33.23 Tianwan primary school 38.9 33.2 _ I4 Mazhe Minzu primary school 35.0 31.65 Yingshang primary school 41.5 37.16 Mufu primary school 41.7 37.37 Daba primary school 37.8 30.8 -

8 Damiao primary school 54.4 46.0 -

9 Haoba primary school 45.3 40.5 - -

10 Mufu township 57.6 52.1 2.11 1 Bangiao township 45.1 40.1 - -

12 Mugong hospital 42.2 33.8 -

13 Mufu hospital 44.8 42.1 -

14 Waihe hospital 44.2 33.2

The results show that noise levels at Mufu township area were relatively high andexceeded the standards slightly (as schools have no classes at night, the high noiselevels at schools have no impacts to schools). In all other sensitive receptors, theexisting noise levels are within the limits set the applicable standards, indicating ahigh existing acoustic environmental quality at the project area.

16

Chapter 4 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

The construction and operation of Tun-Ban road could result in adverse impactsto the surrounding physical and socio-economic environment. As even aftercompletion of the upgrading the forecast traffic volume on Tun-Ban road will bevery small (the largest volume is about 789 per day by 2010), the adverse impactsduring the operation phase are expected to be limited. Furthermore, the upgradingwill be carried out entirely on the existing road alignment and as such there is noresettlement and relocation issues. The project road is not in or near any naturalreserves or tourist attractions and within the area there is no known culturalproperty. Most of the adverse impacts of the project will be in the constructionphase which is the focus of this chapter, which also includes mitigation planningfor the adverse impacts identified.

4.1 Air Impact and Mitigation

Main sources of air contamination during project construction are emissions fromasphalt plants and air borne dust from construction vehicles.

The proposed upgrading will involve 385,500 m2 asphalt pavement. Emissionsform asphalt preparation plants will impact air quality. Asphalt mixing and to alesser extent, paving will generate emissions including THC, TSP and BaP.Among these materials, THC and BaP are hazardous. According to experiencefrom other road projects, BaP concentrations are expected to reduce to <0.0001mg/m3, 50 m leeward from the source while THC concentrations to <0.16 mg/m3,60 m leeward from the source, complying with applicable standards. Therefore,the impacted area is expected to be relatively small, about 50-60 m from mixingplants.

Because of the remote location and difficult terrain and transportation conditions,several asphalt mixing plants will be needed to minimize the transportationdistance. Each of these plants need to be carefully sited. Approximately onemixing plant is needed for every 20 km of the road, as such the Tun-Ban roadconstruction will need 3 asphalt mixing plants. Areas immediately surroundingthese plants will be impacted, especially areas leeward from the plants.

As a mitigation measure, asphalt plant will be enclosed and located at least 300 mleeward from residential or other sensitive receptors.

There are many factors which could contribute to air borne dust from a dirt roadwhich is used for material transportation for the project, including motor vehiclespeed, wind speed, precipitation, air humidity and other climate conditions, roadconditions, accumulation of dust on the road, and road surface moisture. Amongthese factors, wind speed will also directly affect the impacted area of air bornedust.

17

According to a monitoring study by Road Research Institute of the Ministry ofCommunications (MOC), TSP which is an indicator of air borne dust can be 5.09mg/rn3 about 150 m leeward from the road where the dust originates. Thisconcentration exceeds the Class 1I standards in the Ambient Air Quality Standards.The impacted area will be even bigger under the windy conditions. However thesame study found the watering the dusty road is an effective mitigation measures,as shown in Table 4.1- 1.

Table 4.1-1 The Effect of Watering for Dust SupressionItem Action Distance to the road side where dust originates (m)

0 20 50 100 200TSP No watering 11.03 2.89 1.15 0.86 0.56

(mg/mr) watering 2.11 1.40 0.68 0.60 0.29

There is another source of air borne dust during construction, the materialsstorage sites. The air borne potential for dust will increase during loading andunloading operation at these sites, which could impact several hundred of metersin the surrounding area. Watering, however is again effective to suppress the dustby up to 70%, according to the above test and experience with other roadconstruction projects.

Therefore, the mitigation measures designed for air quality impact mitigationinclude:

* Asphalt mixing and preparation will be carried out in carefully selectedlocations. These plants will be located at least 300 m leeward from residentialand other sensitive areas;

* The materials storage sites will be located at least 200 m leeward fromsensitive receptors;

* The transportation road will be watered regularly for dust suppression. Forsections close to residential, school and hospital areas, the road will bewatered twice a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. On dryand windy days, the water frequency will increase; and

* The materials piling will be covered or water regularly. Truck loaded withpowdering materials will be covered while on the road.

4.2 Soil Erosion Impact and Mitigation

The proposed upgrading will use 593,300 m3 earth and stone, average 9,270 perkilometer, for widening the road base. The upgrading will also include drainageand protection works totaling 180,100 m3. Because of these works, the soilerosion will be better controlled following the completion of the upgrading. Thesoil erosion impacts of the upgrading will mainly occur during excavation and fill,prior to the completion of drainage and protection works, particularly in July toSeptember when precipitation is heaviest in the year.

18

The mitigation measures for soil erosion control include:

* Protection works will be implemented within 15 days of road side andmountain excavation and fill to minimize the opportunities for soil erosion.The protection works include stone coverage and/or landscaping;

* Maintain close contact with weather stations to take temporary measures ifnecessary. Temporary measures include settling ponds of about 0.5 m deep,retaining walls, or grass mats. The settling ponds will be rehabilitatedfollowing construction completion.

4.3 Borrow Pits and Disposal Sites Impacts and Mitigation

According to project design documents and EA team' s site investigation, therewill not be enough materials from excavation to satisfy the need for fill throughmaterials balance, the project will need approximately extra 24,444 m3 earth andstone works as fill materials. These materials will be excavated from the projectarea in 2 borrow pits. The surface vegetation at these borrow pits will be damagedand soil erosion will be increased while the borrow pits and in operation.

As mitigation, interception ditches will be constructed at the borrow pits tominimize the drainage impacts on erosion. All borrow pits will be rehabilitatedimmediately after their usage (not wait until project completion). Therehabilitation will include planting or conversion to a water pond. Top soil will bereserved at the borrow pits to be used for rehabilitation.

The disposal materials are in small quantity, but if not properly handled, itsdisposal could result in damage of vegetation, impede water ways, etc. Mitigationmeasures for control the impacts of disposal sites include:

* The sites will not occupy agricultural land or woodland. Such sites will belocated at least 100 m away from rivers, irrigation channels or other waterbodies;

* The disposal sites will be located in wasteland or depressed land and if thedisposal materials allow, the site will be landscaped or converted for farming;and

* The measures such as retaining wall, settling basin, drainage ditch and surfaceplantation will be taken at every waste earth and stonework disposal site toassure the stability of the disposal areas and prevent new sources of erosionsand impacts to the surrounding environment.

4.4 Noise Impact and Mitigation

Construction Phase

Main noise sources during the construction phase come from constructionmachinery and transportation trucks. Noise from these sources will impact the

19

immediately adjacent areas with increased noise levels. However, the impacts willbe shorted termed and disappear following the termination of the constructionactivities.

Noise mitigation during construction includes:

* Contractors will consult the schools and hospitals prior to construction nearthese facilities;

* Where possible noise construction activities may be arranged in weekend orevenings when schools have no classes. For residential areas, the constructionwill be arranged mainly at day time; and

* Well maintain the construction machinery and keep the noise levels of themachinery to the minimum.

Operation Phase

By year 2010, the traffic volume on upgraded Tun-Ban road is forecasted to bedoubled to about 790 per day, approximately 1.77 times of the current trafficvolume. The traffic will further increase to 1676 per day by 2025. There is nomodel which deals with noise prediction for such small traffic volume. However,the noise levels will increase substantially from the current levels of 35-57.6dB(A) for day time and 30.5-52.1 dB(A) at night at the sensitive receptors.Although there is no specific data due to the lack of modeling, it can be expectedthat some of the sensitive receptors noise level will exceed applicable standards.To provide sufficient protection, mitigation measures will be taken at sensitivereceptors.

Noise mitigation measures for operation phase include:

* The specific mitigation measures to be taken at each sensitive receptors allsummarized in Table 4.4-1;

* Strengthen noise monitoring at the sensitive receptors during operation andtake necessary mitigation plan is monitoring results show exceedance to theapplicable noise standards;

* Erect signs for speed control and horning bans at schools, hospitals andresidential areas,

* Limit the night driving speed; and* Conduct regular and good road maintenance to keep the road, particularly the

surface, in good conditions.

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Table 4.4-1 Traffic Noise Mitigation MeasuresNo Name Pil N Distance to Mitigation Cost Implementation

Name Ple No. _the road Measures (Yuan) TimeI Tunbao middle school KO+250 50 m2 Shiyuanqiang primary K7+220 30 m2 ~~school ____

Tianwan primary K16+390 50 m3 school K16_390____m4 Mazhe Minzu K 19+960 I O m

primary school

Yingshang primary 6 Sound insulation5 school K37+240 30 m windows for the 12,000 2005

_ ______________________ classroom s6 Mufu primary school K39+420 100 m7 Daba primary school K43+000 50 m

8 Damiao primary K45+040 50 mschool _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9 Haoba primary school K59+ 150 50 mK39+400- 12 Sound

1 0 Mufu township 900 5-10 m insulation windows 24,000 2005for the bedrooms

K62+00to15 SoundI I Banqiao township K62+500 to 5-10 m insulation windows 30,000 2005

for the bedrooms8 Sound insulation

12 Mugong hospital K31+150 25 m windows for the 16,000 2005_ ____________________ ____________ bedroom s

5 Sound insulation13 Mufu hospital K39+430 10 m windows for the 15,000 2005

bedroomsI Sound insulation

14 Wanhe hospital K53+500 10 m windows for the 2,000____________ bedrooms I_I

Total __I_I_ I 99,000

The implementation time is based on the projected noise levels which will exceedthe standard at that time. Mitigation measures will be taken at the constructionphase for the most sensitive receptors (hospitals, schools and townships at theroadside). Once the mitigation measures are implemented, the noise levels at thesensitive receptors will be reduced by 8-10 dB(A) and as such, the noise levels atthe sensitive receptors will meet the applicable standards.

4.5 Water Impacts and Mitigation

Tun-Ban road crosses six small rivers and creeks with planned upgrading of fourbridges totaling 170 m. In addition, the upgrading will also involve extension ornewly built 194 culverts, indicating the road will also cross or affect irrigationchannels, and other surface water bodies.

Because of the small engineering scale, short construction duration and absence ofin water construction activities, the upgrading construction is expected to have

21

little impacts to water quality. However, solids waste and domestic wastewaterfrom construction workers as well as construction machinery operating nearsurface water bodies will potentially impact water quality if not handled properly.In addition, the improvement of bridges and culverts will involve stone and earthwork which could be released into river channels and irrigation systems, impedingwater flow and hydrology as well as increase in suspended solids.

The contractors will be educated and trained to minimizing the generation of solidwaste and domestic wastewater. At the construction camps where wastewater maybe generated, septic tanks will be built before the effluent may be discharged.

4.6 Impact on Traffic and Mitigation

The upgrading will be on the operating Tun-Ban road and therefore, the impactson the traffic during construction cannot be avoided. The impacts will mainly tomotor vehicles especially long distance transportation, while impacts topedestrians, non-motor vehicles will be relatively small during road basepreparation as only road will be partially effected at given time. The impacts willmainly include:

* Short term effects to access of local produce to market;* Short term effects to convenience of the residents along the road for outings,

access to medical, school, and other services; and* Effects to transits motor vehicles.* Impacts will be particularly significant during surface pavement when the

road may have to be temporarily closed for all traffic. This impact will be,however short terminal as pavement can be finished and road re-open in aweek.

* The construction sites will also pose increased safety concerns as there will beconstruction machinery and trucks on site and roads will become narrowduring construction. Safety concerns will increase at night due to the lack oflighting for construction sites.

Mitigation measures for the impacts to traffic include:

* Prior to the start of construction, the government will inform the residentsschools, hospitals and other organizations of the construction schedule, so thatthey can be prepared for their outing plans;

* Enshi Communications Bureau will erect appropriate signage to warn thetraffic and direct detour if necessary and to warn the safety hazards.

* At key sites such as gates of schools and hospitals, temporary access will beprovided during construction.

* Where possible, the construction is always arranged for half of the road at atime to allow at least some through traffic.

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* Communications and public security will increase their site control,management and coordination. They will increase the presence onconstruction sites to direct traffic and ensure safety.

* Safety education will be provided to residents and in particular school kids.* The most dangerous spots, such as pits and in site machinery will be lighted at

night for safety.

4.7 Construction Camps and Construction Management

The construction workers will mostly stay at local farmers' houses duringconstruction. There will still be areas occupied for machinery and materials,storages. For Tun-Ban road, there will be 3-4 such areas. Temporary septic tankswill be constructed for toiling and preliminary treatment of the domesticwastewater from construction camps. The wastes will be collected and disposedproperly.

The construction will be at remote and mountainous locations by local contractorswith unskilled labor which are not be sophisticated as big city based contractors.The lack of sound environmental management with contractors will pose thehighest risk on adverse environmental impacts because of potentialenvironmentally irresponsible construction activities and inability to implementmitigation measures.

To mitigate such risks, HPCD will provide training for local communicationsbureaus and local contractors prior to the start of construction. In addition, HPCDwill not just rely on the local communications bureau for environmentalsupervision, but will send its environmental staff and its environmentalconsultants to the site as well. Such supervision will be conducted once every twomonths and at the critical stages of constructions.

4.8 Social Impacts

The social impacts of Tun-Ban road upgrading will be primarily positive. Thesocial benefits from the upgrading include:

* The upgrading will greatly improve transportation conditions of the projectarea. Because of the poor existing road conditions, traffic is often interruptedby weather conditions and detoured extra distance. When this happens, thelocal residents are cut off from outside with no access to services or marketsand outside materials including disaster relieve materials cannot delivered tothe area. The upgrading will guarantee the traffic under all weather conditions,improvements of motor vehicle driving conditions (reduced slopes, widenedroad, paved surface, straightened sharp turns, etc.), and increased speeds andtransportation efficiency.

* The improved road will benefits local residents for their access to services andmarket, particularly the disadvantaged groups such as ill people, elderly,

23

women, and children as they could receive better medical attention andeducation. It is estimated that the total directly benefited population will be127,400 in the mostly rural project area, including 31,500 who need medicalservices and 3770 students who need to go to school daily. Both of these twogroup will benefit directly from the project as they use the road frequently andrely on the good road conditions. Furthermore, 25,900 ethnic minority wholive in the project area will receive the benefits of upgrading.The upgrading will be a great boost to the development of local economythrough more movement of goods, better access to market, attracting outsideinvestment, induced new industries or processing, increased tourists, providemore opportunities for the rural residents living in poverty to lift out ofpoverty and help re-structure agricultural sectors. The project area is one ofthe poorest regions in Hubei province and a focal point of the provincialpoverty alleviation effort. The upgrading will contribute significantly theeffort through direct investment and improvement of the infrastructure in thearea. According to one study the economic benefits for the region arepresented in Table 4.8-1.

Table 4.8-1 Economic Benefits from the UpgradingItem Benefits

Expanded vegetation land 30,000 muIncreased income from expanded vegetation land RMBI 5 million per year

Expanded exploration of mineral resourcesIncreased income from increased mineral resources

Increased number of people working outside 9500Increased income from more people working outside RMB3-3.8 million per year

Increased income form more traffic volume RMBI-1.5 million peryear

The upgrading could also bring some adverse social impacts. The main impactsinclude occupation of land by construction activities adjacent to the road andcould damage crops. The increased motor vehicle speeds will bring a traffic safetyconcern, especially to certain less self controlled groups such as children andmentally retarded local residents. The mitigation includes:

* stringent construction management and close supervision during theconstruction phase.

* In the operation phase, public awareness on road safety will be enhancedthrough education especially children and families of mentally disabledpersons.

* Signage on mileage, sensitive receptors, speed control, horning bans, name ofthe places and safety will be erected throughout the upgraded road as part ofthe mitigation measures.

* The HPCD is also committed that if any resettlement and relocation or thedamage to the crop occur during construction, it will comply with the relevantpolicies and standards to promptly and adequately compensate the affectedpeople.

24

4.9 Indigenous People

According to the fourth national census (1990), the ethnic composition with theEnshi city included Han, the majority and Tujia, Miao and other ethnic minorities.Table 4.9-1 shows the composition:

Table 4.9-1 Ethnic Composition, 1990 xlOOOItem Population Percentage of the total

Total population 3,577.5 100Han 2,202.3 61.56

Minority Tuj ia 1,275.2 38.44Miao 197.2 5.51

Others 68.7 1.92Sub-total 1,641.1 45.87

Enshi city where is the project is located, has a total of 20 ethnic minority groups,including Tujia, Tong, Miao, Mongolia, etc. In total the minority is about 29.04%of the total city population.

The site study and investigation, including interviews and household visits byproject social specialists teams, there is no apparent cultural and economicdifference between Han nationality and other ethnic minority groups. At thecensus, the registration of the ethnic background was based entirely verbaldeclaration. Ethnic groups have been living harmony without distinct ethnicdifferences.. Almost all minority families in the project area has Han relativesthrough inter nationality marriages, and vice versa. Politically, heads of everylevels of governments, people' s congresses and most government agencies areeither Tujia or Miao nationalities. For example, most officials in the Enshicommunications bureau are ethnic minorities.

In fact, over the long history of living in harmony and inter-nationality marriage,there is no distinct ethnic groups. Most people consider themselves a particularnationality based solely on their surnames. Such determination of ethnicbackground can be confusing and subjective as many surnames are shared bydifferent nationalities and none is exclusive and unique to a particular nationality.

Culturally, the difference is also blurring. About 100 year ago, the ethnicminorities in the region had lost their own languages. Gone a about the sameperiod were any special religious belief or ethnic customs. There are no distinctcultural facilities or properties belong to any of the minority groups.

Once of the reasons is that Tujia, Miao and other minorities are not indigenous tothe project area. They had migrated from other places over the years, and moresignificantly grown from the region. For example, in the first national census in1953, there were only 7500 Tujia and Miao nationalities in the entire Hubeiprovince and had no registered Tong nationality. By 1982, Tujia and Miaopopulations had grown 260 and 106, respectively. Since the first "appearance"

25

in 1964 of 133 Tong people, the population for that ethnic group had grown 162times by 1982. Such enormous growths cannot be attributed to migration (since1950' s the migration has been limited) and natural growth. The key reason ismany people " switched" to minorities from Han. This further indicates thatthere is no distinct cultural or other differences between Han and other ethnicminorities in the region.

There will be no specific impacts to the minority groups, nor these groups wouldbe uniquely vulnerable to any of the project activities or disadvantaged comparedwith the general population. Like the Han, minorities need poverty alleviation andimprovement in standards of living. They all will benefit from the upgrading ofTun-Ban road.

4.10 Environmental Benefits

The upgrading will also bring environmental benefits and positive impacts. Theseare:

* There are incomplete drainage system or in some sections even no drainagesystem in Tun-Ban road. The improve drainage system will significantlyimprove the drainage control and reduce soil erosion potential;

* The pavement and upgrading will increase motor vehicle speed and thusreduce the gasoline consumption, motor vehicle emissions, noise from motorvehicle tires and rough road surface and damage to the vehicles, whichindirectly save substantial resources;

* The existing road is gravel road and very dusty in dry weather. When vehicles,there will be dust air borne affecting the residents living near the road andother road users on non-motor vehicles or pedestrians;

* The improvement culverts will increase irrigation system efficiency andminimize natural earth and stone clogging of the systems;

* The upgraded road conditions, signage, and control facilities will providebetter road conditions for motor vehicles and other road users; and

* The improved road will attract rural residents to build their communitiesrelatively close to the road and thus minimize the effect to the naturalenvironment through spread-out house construction.

4.11 Other safeguard policies

Besides the OP4.01 for EA, the World Bank has nine other safeguard policies tosafeguard the natural and socio-economic environment during capital projects.The EA team has conducted screening, site investigation and preliminaryassessment and reached the following conclusions with regard to other safeguardsissues:

* The project area has no wild life presence and no natural reserves; thereforethe full natural habitat assessment is not applied;

26

* The site investigation (a walk through of the site i.e. the existing road, bycultural relics professionals) showed no cultural property along Tun-Ban road;therefore the full cultural property assessment is not applied;

* The upgrading does not occupy any new land or move any houses; thereforeinvoluntary resettlement is not applied;

* The project area has no significant forest, except normal woodland, and noincrease in use or storage of pesticides; therefore, the full assessment on forestand pest management is not needed; and

* The project does not involve disputed areas, international water or dam andthese safeguards policies are not applicable.

27

Chapter 5 Public Consultation

5.1 Methodology

A public consultation program was conducted to understand the concems of theaffected public over the proposed Tun-Ban road upgrading. The program wascarried in July to August, 2001 and covered residents, schools, hospitals, villagecommittees, township and governments along the both sides of Tun-Ban road.The consultation was conducted by the EA team through one or combination ofall the following methods: questionnaire, interviews and small public meetings. Intotal 352 mostly affected people were involved in the public consultation, ofwhich 56% were Tujia ethnic minority. Table 5.1-1 summarizes the peopleparticipated in the public consultation program.

Table 5.1-1 People Particip ted in Public Consultation ProgramNo. Groups consulted No. or group No. of people No. of ethnic minorityI Affected individual - 157 842 Minority committee 1 19 193 Village committee 3 53 284 Hospital 4 21 95 Schools 14 63 346 Governments 49 237 Total 352 197

Table 5.1-2 summarizes the dates, places, number of people, mode used and mainopinions expressed for the public consultation program.

Table 5.1-2 Public ConsultationDates Places People Mode* Main opinions/Issues

(mm/dd/yy) _(MmF

08/14/2001 Tunbao 14/2 M * Support the upgradingTownship * Primarily benefits to region

* Attract tourists and prompt economy08/15/2001 Tunbao middle 9/8 M * Mixing station emission

school * Noise from traffic* Traffic control during construction

affects class* Landscaping

08/15/2001 Loutanwai 5/5 Q * Earth borrow from farm landvillage * Mixing station emission

08/15/2001 Shiyuanqiang 8/4 Q * Traffic accidentsvillage * Signage and traffic control

08/15/2001 Shyuanqiang 1/2 I * Construction noiseprimary school . Signage and students safety

08/15/2001 Tianwai village 7/6 Q * Night time constructionI Mixing station emissions

28

Table 5.1-2 Public Consultation (Continued)Dates Places People Mode* Main opinions/Issues

(mm/dd/yy) (M/F)08/15/2001 Mazhe village 17/3 M * Use of local labor

committee * Real benefits

08/15/2001 Mazhe Mingzhu 2/3 1 * Signage and student safetyschool * Construction noise affects class

08/15/2001 Xiangjiaba 6/4 Q * Protection facilityvillage * Land slide concern

08/15/2001 Xiangjiaba 1/2 I * Signage and students safetyprimary school * Construction noise

08/15/2001 Tuanjing village 7/4 Q . Trees damage* Restoration of damaged vegetation

08/15/2001 Hetang village 6/5 Q * Traffic during construction08/15/2001 Gaotai village 10/6 M * River and irrigation system clogging

committee * Construction safety* Mixing station emision* Landscaping

08/16/2001 Gaotai primary 2/3 1 * Construction noiseschool * Traffic waming signage

08/16/2001 Lishu village 8/5 Q * Use of local labor08/16/2001 Lishu primary 2/3 1 * Construction noise

school * Traffic safety signage08/16/2001 Mugong village 9/4 Q * Impacts limited to construction08/16/2001 Mugong 3/2 1 * Mixing station emission

hospital * Night time construction* Traffic disruption in construction

08/16/2001 Yunlong village 5/4 Q * Wish to have the road upgradingsoon

08/16/2001 Yingshang 7/3 Q * Road drainage systemvillage * Soil erosion during construction

08/16/2001 Mufu township 18/5 M * Support the upgrading

* Minimize environmental impacts08/16/2001 Mufu primary 4/5 I * Construction noise

school * Safety signage08/16/2001 Mufu hospital 5/2 I . Night time construction

* Traffic control during construction08/16/2001 Daba village 5/3 Q * Night time truck transportation

* Borrow pits in farm land08/16/2001 Daba primary 1/2 Q * Construction noise

school * Safety signage08/17/2001 Damiao village 12/5 M * Use of local labor

committee . Night time construction08/17/2001 Damiao primary 1/1 I * Construction noise

school * Student safety08/17/2001 Waihe primary 0/2 Q * Construction noise

school * Student safety

29

Table 5.1-2 Public Consu tation (Continued)Dates Places People Mode* Main opinions/Issues

(mm/dd/yy) (MtF)08/17/2001 Waihe hospital 2/2 Q * Mixing station

* Night time construction* Traffic control during construction

08/17/2001 Hedianzi village 3/3 Q * Soil erosion during construction08/17/2001 Haobe village 9/7 1 * Protection of irrigation system

* Borrow pits in farmland08/17/2001 Baobe primary 1/3 1 * Construction noise

school * Student safety08/17/2001 Beiqiao 12/5 M * Support the project

township08/17/2001 Beiqiao ethnic 15/4 M * See benefits to ethnic minoriy

minority * Good for protection of minoritycommittee culture

* Minimize impact to the environment08/17/2001 Beiqiao hospital 3/2 1 * Mixing station

* Night time construction* Traffic control during construction

08/17/2001 Zhezhongxi 2/3 I * Construction noiseprimary school * Student safety

08/17/2001 Rongshuiba 5/4 Q * Traffic during constructionvillage * Support the local transportation

_______________________ _ business* M for meeting, Q for questionnaire and I for interviews

In some places, questionnaires were distributed for public opinions. In most of themeetings and interviews, the participants were also asked to fill the questionnaire.In total, 352 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 326 retumed. Thepublic opinions from the questionnaire are summarized in Table 5.1-3.

Table 5.1-3 Public Response to Questions from the Questi nnaire

No. Questions and Choices of Answers % of th response to

Whether satisfied with the existing conditions of Tun-Ban road 0 3.7 96.3(1) Satisfied (2) Somewhat satisfied (3) Unsatisfied

2 Whether it is necessary to upgrade Tun-Ban road 98.8 1.2 0(1) Necessary (2) Unnecessary (3) Not know

3 In your opinion, which upgrading is required (select more if needed) 95.4 21.5 23.0(1) Surface (2) Culverts (3) Protection and landscapeDo you think the upgrading will benefit the local ethnic minority people 92.0 0 8.8(I) Yes (2) No (3) No clear

5 In your opinion, when the adverse environmental impact will occur 87.7 8.8 3.5_____ (I) Construction (2) Operation (3) Not sure

6 Your opinions on the extent of environmental impacts 13.2 55.5 31.3____ (1) Very high (2) Modest (3) Low or no impact

If there are impacts, in your opinion, which is the most serious (select more if7 needed): (1) Noises from machinery and traffic (2) Emission from asphalt 49.2 58.3 34.2

mixing (3) Others

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Table 5.1-3 Public Response to Questions from the Questionnaire (Continued)

No. Questions and Choices of Answers % of th res onse to( ) (2) O3

8 Which of the mitigation is most acceptable to you 2.1 64.5 82.5(1) Noise barrier (2) Landscaping (3) Construction managementIn your opinion, whether the upgrading will affect ethnic minority cultural 1.8 95.1 3.1heritage (1) Yes (2)No (3)Not sureMain opinions and demands* Support the upgrading, 320 people* No adverse impact but rather prompt and assist ethnic minority cultural heritage: 300* Mixing station far away from residential, schools, hospital, 190* Do not occupy farm by disposal sites, 98* Good co-ordination and minimize traffic disturbance during construction, 175* Use local labor in construction, 65* Do not construct at night near hospitals, 81* Improve road protection works, and road signage, 142

5.2 Public Concerns and Responses

Certain concern over environmental and socio-economic impacts were raisedduring public consultation. These concerns have been carefully analyzed by theTEA team and mitigation measures proposed together with the project designteam where needed. The following are the issues raised by the public andresponses prepared by the EA team

* Concern: Emission from asphalt mixingResponse: Asphalt mixing will be centralized, that is the asphalt preparationwill be in a centralized location in a factory house and then truck to theconstruction site. This centralized location will be far away from residential,school and hospital and is equipped with emission control facilities;

* Concern: Borrow pitsResponse: The borrow pits will not occupy agricultural land or woodland.Such sites will be located at least 100 m away from rivers, irrigation channelsor other water bodies, and interception ditches will be constructed at theborrow pits to minimize the drainage impacts on erosion. All borrow pits willbe rehabilitated immediately after their usage (not wait until projectcompletion). The rehabilitation will include planting or conversion to a waterpond. Top soil will be reserved at the borrow pits to be used for rehabilitation.

* Concern: Traffic disturbanceResponse: The construction will be conducted half of the road at a time tominimize the traffic disturbance. This way, the pedestrians will not be affectedand motor vehicles will be slowed but still be able to go through

* Concern: Use local labor in constructionResponse: HPCD has instructed Enshi Communications Departments to use acertain amount of local labor in construction following some technical training.

* Concern: Noise at schools and hospitalsResponse: There will be no night time construction near residential, hospitaland schools. Enshi Communications Department and EPB will increase theirsupervision effort to ensure this ban is respected. High noise machinery willnot be used near sensitive receptors. Where some machinery must be used ornight construction is needed, the contractors are required to consult theaffected people first to obtain their understanding and agreement and to betterschedule the noise construction activities based on public feedback.

* Concern: River cloggingResponse: The upgrading is mostly improvement of existing bridges andculverts. Enshi Communications Department is to enhance its supervision.The improved bridges and culverts will in fact help clear the water ways in therivers and irrigation systems

* Concern: Traffic safetyResponse: Clear safety warning signage will be erected both duringconstruction and operation phases to remind the public of safety hazards. Thetraffic management will be enhanced following the upgrading.

* Concern: Damaged vegetationResponse: Contractors will be requested to restore landscaping within 15 daysof damage to surface vegetation.

5.3 Public Information Disclosure

Environmnental Impact Assessment reports and other EA documents are releasedto the public following their completion. Considering the project area is in remotemountainous area, public information disclosure has been carefully designed.Since every village in the project area has primary school which are typically welland conveniently located to rural residents with good access to everybody, the EAdocuments are placed in the schools. The newspaper is rare in this area, but theavailability of the documents is broadcast in the village' s public addressingsystem which every village has. The EA and project information are alsoannounced in the public notice board in the villages.

The documents released to the public include:

* Public consultation records;* Public concerns and EA team responses;* Hubei Rural Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment Report

(December 2001);* Hubei Rural Road Upgrading Social Assessment Report (November, 2001);

and* Tun-Ban Road Environmental Management Plan (December 2001).

32

This final version of the EA documents have been released in the primary schoolsalong the road and library of Enshi City. The news of this release has beenadvertised in the public notice board in the villages.

33

Chapter 6 EIA Summary

The following conclusions can be drawn from the EA:

Environmental Baseline

* The project area is located in a poverty county with very poor existingtransportation conditions and is the most important economic gateway innorthwest Enshi to outside

* The soil erosion intensity is II to III, at 2100-4100 t/km2a;* Tun-Ban road does not go through any natural reserves and there is no

precious vegetation or any wild animal along the project area;* Based on site investigation, there is no cultural property on the project area;* The existing acoustic quality is very high and the traffic on the existing does

not cause significant noise;* All monitored NOx and TSP at the project area are below applicable limits,

indicating high ambient air quality;* The project area has significant population of Tujia, Miao and other ethnic

minorities. They are migrated to the project area from other part of the Chinaand have mostly been assimilated with Han nationality and do not havedistinct cultural, language and other customs;

* There is no water intake in the project area or immediately downstream. Thewater quality is good in general.

Environmental Impacts

* The culverts and bridge construction and improvement will not causesignificant impacts to irrigation systems, water quality or other rural andagricultural activities;

* The construction may temporarily occupy some land or damage vegetation.With prompt restoration and landscaping, these impacts will be short termedand minimized;

* Construction machinery and materials transportation are the main noisesources during construction which could affect residents, schools andhospitals. Good planning and scheduling, machinery maintenance and publicconsultation prior to start of construction will minimize the noise impacts tothe residents and schools;

* Air quality impacts will mainly come from air dust from road and materialsstorage, and emissions from mixing stations. Watering the dust sources,carefully locating mixing stations, and covering trucks and materials stockpile will minimize the impacts;

* The construction will disturb the traffic. The construction will be conductedhalf of the road at a time to allow motor, non-motor vehicle as well as

34

pedestrian traffic on the half of the way at all time throughout the constructionperiod.

* In the operation phase, due to the low traffic volume, there will not besignificant adverse impacts. However, close monitoring is necessary toconfirm this conclusion.

In final conclusion, Tun-Ban road upgrading will greatly improve the road andtransportation conditions in the mountainous and poverty project area. Theimprovement is expected to bring substantial benefits to the regional economicdevelopment, income opportunities to local rural residents including ethnicminorities, and agricultural re-structuring. To individual residents, the upgradedroad will provide better access to market, services and education and helpimprove the standard of living and poverty alleviation. The adverse impacts canbe mitigated and reduced to acceptable levels. The upgrading project has widesupport from the vast majority of the rural residents in the project area as well asthe local governments.

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Chapter 7 Environmental Management Plan

7.1 Composition of EMP

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is comprised of mainly thefollowing:

* Environmental mitigation measures, which are a series actions to beimplemented in the design, construction and operation phases of Tun-Banroad upgrading to mitigate, reduce and minimize adverse impacts;

* Environmental supervision plan, which is a plan to supervise the mitigationmeasures implementation and environmental protection of the project site; and

* Environmental monitoring plan, which is a plan to monitor the environmentalperformance of the project to confirn the predictions of the EIA and identifyany unexpected adverse impacts so that appropriate new mitigation measuresare designed and implemented.

The environmental management procedures for the Tun-Ban road upgradingproject are summarized in Figure 7-1.

36

WB Project Management Consultation

Preparation stage Project Proposal EIA Report

Assessment ibility Study EMP

(Draft)

Negotiation Planned Assignment______________

EMP

(Final)Implementation I PreliminaryDesign ___________________________

SupervisionB iddingI

I | Examination & AcceptanceConstruction Plan| of EMP

EngineeringSupervision

I Completion &Open to Traffic

Figure 7-1 Environmental Management Procedures for the Project

37

7.2 Environmental Management Organizations

Various government and professional organizations will be involved inenvironmental management for the upgrading project during construction andoperation phases. Figure 7-2 is an organizational figure for the projectenvironmental management.

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lEnshi XTuia and Miao

Environmental Management & . Autonomous Region EPB SupervisioniExecutive Agency in the design and g

construclion phase ' -- - -- --- - -1-- daily supervi,EP office of HPCD organizations

(I environmental engineers) Ensli EPB

organizationsHPCD

(2 environmentalspecialists)

< 1 i ~~~~~Environmental es> EIA Unit | Enshi lSupervision engineer Unt (5 per Environmentalor.

.... .................................. ......................................................... ............. .. .................. .............. ....................................... ................ ........... .......... ........ .......

Enshi Enshi Environmental supervision organizationsCommunications EnvironmentalBureau monitoring station

Environmental Management &Executive Agency in operation phase

Figure 7-2 Environmental Management Framework

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The figure shows the organizations involved in project environmentalmanagement may be divided into two categories: environmental management andenvironmental supervision. The major organizations involved in both functionsand their respective roles are presented in Table 7.2-1 and Table 7.2-2.

Table 7.2-1 ajor Environmental Management Or anizationsOrganizations Roles Remarks

WBFPO of HPCD Environmental design and Two full timemanagement during construction environmental specialist

Enshi Communications Mitigation measure implementation Each will have one fullBureaus during construction and operation time environmental staff

Enshi Environmental Environmental monitoring forMonitoring Station construction and operation phases

Table 7.2-2 Major Environmental Supervision OrganizationsOrganizations Roles

Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Region * Supervise implementation of EMP,EPB, Enshi EPB * Enforce environmental laws, regulations and

standards,* Coordinate environmental duties among

agencies,* Supervise construction and operation

environmental performance

7.3 Environmental Management and Impact Mitigation

A series of environmental and impact mitigation measures have been planned andincorporated, where appropriate, into the project engineering design. Themitigation measures have been agreed and supported by HPCD and localcommunications bureaus who will take ultimate responsibilities for mitigationmeasures implementation.

Table 7.3-1 summarizes these measures.

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Table 7.3-1 Environmental Management and impact MitigationEnvironmental o Implementation P g Contract/Specification

issues Measures already or to be taken organizations Responsible organizations Clauses in Bid DocumentsA. Design Phase

Soil erosion *180,100 nm3 drainage control and EA team HPCDprotection facilities designed Design team Enshi Communications Bureau

. Asphalt pavement

Traffic noise . Mitigation measures such as EA team HPCDsound insulation windows and Designi team Enslii Communicationis Bureauplantations

Air pollution * Locate mixing stations away EA team HPCDfrom sensitive receptors Design team Enshi Communications Bureau

Cultural * Site cultural investigation EA team HPCDcompleted Enshi Cultural IICproperty Nomprety found Burau Enshi Communications Bureau*No property found BureauVegetation .Laiidscaping EA team HPCD

damage Design team Enshi Communications Bureau* Locate site away from farm land

Disposal sites or water bodies, EA team HPCD* Restore sites for farming Design team Enshi Communications Bureau* Construct retaining walls

B Lan1dscaping; EA team HPCDBorrow pits * Coniverting to ponds/fish ponds; Design team Enishi Communications Bureau

* Restoration of farming* 58 clear safety signage EA team HPCD

Traffic safety * 1265 m3 concrete railing Design team Enshi Communications Bureau

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Table 7.3-1 Environmental Management and impact Mitigation (Continued)Environmental 1 Implementation . . . Contract/Specification

issues Measures already or to be taken organizations Responsible organizations Clauses in Bid DocumentsB. Construction Phase

* HPCD will send itsenvironmental staff and itsenvironmental consultants to thesite as well.

Construction * HPCD will provide training forCamps and local communications bureaus HPCD HPCD

Construction and local contractors prior to the Coitractors Enslii Communications BureauManagement start of construction.

* Temporary septic taiiks will beconstructed for constructioncamps. The wastes will becollected and disposed properly.

* Restore disturbed soil within 15days with stone coverage or

Soil erosion landscape Contractors Enshi Communications Bureau* Contact weather stations and taketemporary measures such assettling pond if necessary

Vegetation * Restore damaged Contractors Enshi Communications Bureaudamage Vegetation within 15 days C

Construction * Consult schools, hospitals, etc.noise before start; Contractors Enshi Communications Bureau* Maintain the machinery

. Minimize earth work inIrrigation construction;

system *Prevent earthi aind stonie into Contractors Enshli Communications Bureauirrigation system

Surface water * Control contractor solid waste, Contractors Ensli Communications Bureaupollution sewage and other waste discharge

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Table 7.3-1 Environmental Management and impact Mitigation (ContinuedEnvironmental Measures already or to be taken Implementation Responsible organizations Contract/Specification

issues organizations Clauses in Bid Documents* Centralize asphalt station,* Locate the stations away from

Air pollution sensitive receptors Contractors Commutlications Bureau* Water dry road twice a day* Water or cover materials piles

and trucks* Consult with local schools,

hospitals and others;* Plan construction schedule

Traffic properly; Enshii Communications Bureauimpacts * Upgrading half the road at a time Contractors Enshi Public Security Bureau

and keep the road partially openduring construction

* Enhance traffic controlC. Operation Phase

* Signage for speed control and EnsliiNoise and air horning ban near schools; Communications C ureaus

* Enhance monitoring Bureau Bureaus* Maintain the road properly

EnshiMotor vehicle * Keep good maintenance; Communications Enshi Communicationsmaintenance * Motor vehicle inspection Bureaus; Public Bureaus

Security BureauTraffic - Emergency response team; Enshi Enshi Communications

accidents * Proper signage Comimunications BureausBureaus__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Environmental - . . Enshi Environmental Enshi Communicationsperformance * Environmental monitoring Monitoring Station Bureaus

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7.4 Environmental Supervision Plan

The objectives of an environmental supervision plan is to ensure that mitigationmeasures for adverse environmental impacts have been properly and adequatelydesigned, timely and appropriately implemented and effective in control andminimize the adverse impacts. The plan is also to ensure that the Tun-Ban roadupgrading project fully comply with applicable environmental procedures andstandards.

The environmental supervision plan is presented in Table 7.4-1.

Table 7.4-1 Environmental Supervision PlanStage Organizations Contents Objectives

Design, Enshi Tujia and * Review EIA * Ensure complianceConstruction Miao * Approve EA budget * Ensure environmental

Autonomous * Review sites selections performanceRegion EPBEnshi EPB

Operation Enshi Tujia and * Review monitoring report * Implement monitoring planMiao * Review new mitigation * Ensure new issues can be

Autonomous * Supervise environmental properly addressedRegion EPB performance at sensitive * Prevent the potential forEnshi EPB receptors environmental accidents and

* Respond to unexpected impacts.environmental accidents

7.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring plan, designed by the EA team, will be carried out byEnshi Environmental Monitoring Station and Enshi Communications Bureauswill be responsible for program implementation. The monitoring program ispresented in Table 7.5-1.

Table 7.5-1 Environmental Monitoring ProgramMonitoring points Items I Frequency Duration Time

Construction Phase

Asphalt mixing station TSP, Once/week I day Once in morningasphalt emission and afternoon

Concrete mixing station TSP Random I day Once in morning______ _____ and afternoon

Tunbao middle school, I day Twice a dayMaze primary school, during

Mugong hospital, Mufu Leq, dB(A) Once/week constructionprimary school, Mufu

hospital, Bangiao hospitalQiaotou, Shiqiao, SS I day Once in morning

Mayuan, and Yunlong Oil Once/week and afternoonrivers COD _

44

32

M u R l~~~~~~~Mf Town Alf~~~~~~~~

( x C K39 \a K6

V I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lavn': coruK6

X~~~~~~~~~Tua-a ta Road ,

Tn 4s Ns J

Kb NiseMontorng rogam W:Loater o Quality Monitoring Spotsm)

_ 4 7- -J, A .1

IsbA Thnba Midl Scoo Ns Nois@gv ~ Mah Priar Scol NieNieSq se C'ek 8

3 uogHsia os os aiqn 6

/ ~ ~~ Mf Prmr cho'os NieTw

> Noise MonitrinMapr4:rLocatioro Planned Monitoring Spotsm

Table 7.5-1 Environmental Monitoring Pro ram (Continued)Monitoring points Items Freq uency Duration Time

Operation phaseTunbao middle school, I day Once in day andMaze primary school, Four times at night

Mugong hospital, Mufu Leq per yearprimary school, Mufu

hospital, Bangiao hospital

The monitoring reports will be prepared by Enshi Environmental MonitoringStation four times a year during construction and once a year during operation.The reports will be distributed to contractors during construction and roadmanagement unit during operation. The monitoring reports will also be sent toEnshi Communications Bureau and Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPB).These reports will include monitoring results and discussion of compliance statusfor the monitoring period. If unexpected adverse impacts occur or exceed theapplicable environrmental standards, mitigation measures will be designed and,following the review and approval by the government agencies, implemented.

The local communications bureaus who own the project will respond to themonitoring reports and any actions recommended. In particular, the bureaus willreview, approve and arrange to implement additional, new mitigation measuresdesigned in response to unexpected significant adverse impacts identified duringenvironmental monitoring.

For the two years construction period, the environmental monitoring program isestimated to cost RMB1 10,000. The monitoring cost for the operation phase isestimated to be RMB25,000 per year and contingency for environmentalaccidents is RMB40,000. During the operation phase, there will be two staffmembers in the road maintenance unit for environmental facility maintenanceincluding landscaping, drainage system, retaining walls and others.

7.6 Personnel Training

A key measure to ensure environmental performance and mitigation measuresimplementation is to have qualified personnel in relevant organizations withsufficient understanding and knowledge of environmental issues and mitigationmeasures typically related to road construction and operation. As theenvironmental management is a relatively new concept particularly to the Enshibased environmental managerial and technical staff as well as the management atthe communications bureaus, appropriate training of the personnel is required.Furthermore, the contractor' s staff will be critical for the site environmentalperformance and reporting. Therefore, a one week training program is designedfor the senior management and environmental staff of the winning contractorsprior to the commencement of construction.

A training program is designed and presented in Table 7.6-1.

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Table 7.6-1 Environmental Training ProgramStage Trainee Trainee No. Duration Time Cost (RMB)

Construction Local communications 4 1 wk 2002 5000bureau and contractors

Construction supervision 2 2 wks 2002 3500Emergency response 2 2 wks 2002 4500

Operation Environmental management 2 1 wk 2002 2500Total 15,500

7.7 Cost for Environmental Management

Environmental management and impact mitigation for the construction are mostlya one-time cost which has been included in the project engineering budget. Thecost for the operation phase, however, will be repeated costs on an annual basiswhich will included in the operation unit' s budget for Tun-Ban road.

Table 7.7-1 and Table 7.7-2 present estimated two types of costs.

Table 7.7-1 Estimated Costs for Environmental Management in ConstructionItem Contents Quantity Amount (RMB) Remarks

EA EA Investigation, EA I 50,000documentation preparation

Personnel Training of supervision 15,500 DomesticTraining engineers, management staff training

and emergency staff

Environmental Noise, water, air 2 years 110,000monitoringEmergency 40,000

reserve

Environmental Based on twosupervision 2 38,400 years

constructionAir pollution Water truck 1 200,000

Soil erosion Retaining walls, settling pond 64km 130,000 RMB2,000/and other temporary facility km

Rehailittion interception ditches, plantingRehabolrtation or conversion to a water pond 2 140,000 Budgetaryof borrow pits an to.olreevto Estimate______________ and top soil reservation

Rehabilitation retaining wall, settling basin, Budgetaryof disposal sites drainage ditch and surface 15,000m3 22,500 Estimate

plantation

Noise Sound insulation windows 99000See Tablemitigation 99,000 4.4-1measures

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Table 7.7-1 Estimated Costs for Environmental Manapement in Construction (Continued)Item Contents Quantity Amount (RMB) Remarks

AlreadyProtection & Subgrade and excavated 64 km 31,960,000 included in

Drainage works surface engineering_________ ~~~budget

Landscaping RMB 1 5,000/vegetation For disturbed soil 64km 975,000 kmrestorationTotal cost 1,820,400*

* Excluding protection works which have already been included in the engineering budget.

Table 7.7-2 Estimated Costs for Environmental Man gement in OperationItem Cost (RMB) Remarks

Environmental monitoring 250,000 RMB25,000/yrRoad maintenance Two to be assigned by road

operating unit.Emergency response __Included in engineering cost

Total 250,000

The two tables above show that the total capital investment in the project forenvironmental management, supervision and impact mitigation is RMB2.07million, excluding drainage works, road maintenance, etc. Compared with thetotal estimated cost for the upgrading at RMB89.87 million, the cost forenvironmental management is approximately 2.30%.

47