Direct and Indirect Speech

YULIA RACHMAWATI19610350

4SA02

There are two ways of reporting what somebody says;

Direct SpeechIndirect Speech or Reported Speech

What is Reporting Speech?

Direct Speech

Example: He said, ‘I am going to school.’

Definition:When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it is called direct speech.

Characteristics:

It is original

quotation of a talk

It is always placed

between two

quotation marks

It is always

preceded by

Capital letter

INDIRECT SPEECH

Example:He said that he was going to school.

When the main idea of a speaker’s words is reported by another person and the exactwords are not quoted, it is called indirect speech or reported speech.

It is a kind of reported sentence (reported speech)

It retells one’s talk or idea

It undergoes certain modification

It doesn’t use speech marks

There are three types of indirect speech;

1. Imperative (Command/Request)2. Declarative (Statement)3. Interrogative (Question)

TYPES OF INDIRECT SPEECH

• The Imperative is a command. It does not tell the subject and the verb in direct imperative does not change.

Example: “Turn off the lamp”

◦ It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by ‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ .

Example: “Be quiet”

1. Imperative (Command/Request)

DIRECT SPEECH She said, “Go

away!” “Come here!” she

said. I said, “Be quite!” ‘Be

quiet!’ she yelled at the children.

She begged, “Be happy!”

‘Please help me!’ she told him

INDIRECT SPEECH She ordered her to

go away . She asked him to

come there. She ordered the

children to be quiet She requested to

be happy She asked him to

help her

POSITIVE IMPERATIVE

DIRECT SPEECH She said, “Don’t

go away!” “Don’t Come

here!” she said I said, “Don’t Be

noisy!” She begged,

“Don’t be lazy!”

INDIRECT SPEECH

She told me not to go away

She asked him not to come there.

She begged us not to be noisy!

She told him not to worry about it

NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE

This is the way to make Declarative (Statement)

1. PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES: CHANGES NECESSARY

DECLARATIVE (STATEMENT)

DIRECT SPEECH

• I

• You

• My

• Our

•Your

INDIRECT SPEECH

• He/she

•

Me/he/she/them/I/him/her

• His/her

• Their/our

• My/his/her

2. EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE

DECLARATIVE (STATEMENT)

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

• Now

• Today

• Tomorrow

• Yesterday

• Here

• This/these

• Then

• That Day

• The next day, the following

day

• The previous day

• There

• That/those

3. TENSESIndirect speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense.

Verbs in the direct speech have then to be changed into a corresponding past tense. The changes are shown in the following

table.

DECLARATIVE (STATEMENT)

1. Preceded by Auxiliary:

When the question is preceded by auxiliary that

needs yes/No answer it will be used the

conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech

2. The steps how to make indirect speech:

◦The question sentence of the indirect speech is

firstly changed to be statement

◦ It then follows the rules before

INTEROGATIVE ( QUESTION)

1. He said, “Where is the station?” ⇨ He asked where the station was.

2. He asked, “What have you got in your bag?” ⇨ He asked (me) what I had got in my bag.

3. He said, ”Mary, when is the next train?” ⇨ He asked Mary when the next train was.

4. “Is anyone there?”, he asked ⇨ He asked if/whether anyone was there.

EXAMPLE OF INTEROGATIVE