tsunami and urban development · tsunami computer simulation of hokkaido nanto-oki earthquake...
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•••••••Tsunami andUrban Development
Topics
1. General Information on Tsunami
2. Tsunami Mitigation Measures
3. Example of Tsunami Disaster and Rehabilitation
Mechanism of EarthquakeEarth is covered with more than 10 plates.
Earthquakes occurs at the boundary of the plates.
Mechanism of Tsunami
Generation of Tsunami
Crustal Movement ofthe Sea Floor
Fault
Plates and Troughin Japan
Earthquakes in Japan with a scale ofM8 or more(1885 – 1995)
23031.7Hokkaido Nansei-oki199310413Nihonkai Chubu1983264.9Niigata1964
1428.1Chile19601,4326.5Nankai19461,2239Tonankai19443,06428.7Sanriku1933
22,00038.2Meiji Sanriku1896Many-Nankai684
Dead and MissingMax Wave Height(m)
Name of EarthquakeYear
Historical•Major•Tsunami in Japan
••Tsumani Mitigation Measures
(1) Construction of facilities
(2) Tsunami Forecast and Communication
(3) Public Relations
•••Mitigation of Tsunami Disasters• • • Construction of Coastal•Embankment •••••
Tokyo
Sanriku
Taro Town
Population 5,000Area 100km2Taro Town
Before Tsunami Attack After Tsumani Attack ( March,1933)
Tsunami Disaster in Taro Town
• • Sanriku Tsunami in 1933 911 dead
• • • Land Readjustment implemented
• • Meiji Sanriku Tsumani in 1896 1,859 dead
Rehabilitation measures :• • Community Relocation is not accepted.• • • Coastal Embankment, started in 1934
• • • Construction of Coastal•Embankment •
Taro Town Embankment L: 2,433m H: 10m
embankment
• Construction of Tide Gate
Numazu city
Tokyo
Numazu City H : 6.8m above sea levelW: 15m2004 completed
Tokyo
Sanriku
Taro Town
Kamaishi
Ohunato
Sea Wall
Kamaishi CityPopulation 44,670
Area 441km2
Ohunato CityPopulation 45,160
Area 323km2
Sea Wall
(Ohunato)L=740mConstruction 1963started 1967completed
• • • •• • • •• • • • • •
• •
Tsunami Protection Sea Wall
Sea Wall kamaishi under construction
Construction 1978 to 2006L=2000m Depth=63m (Max)
• •Provision of Refuge andEvacuation Routes
Sign of Evacuation Routes
•Provision of Tsunami•proofTransportation infrastructures or Heliports
• Land Reclamation
• Land Readjustment Project, etc.
• Relocation of houses from tsunami • prone areas
• Prohibit the construction of houses in tsunami prone areas
Urban Planning and Urban development
• Designationof TsunamiEvacuationBuilding
Disaster MitigationCenter (RemoteControl of Watergate)
••Disaster Mitigation Center
Tsunami Watching Camera
(2) Provisions for Tsunami Forecast and Information Transmission
••Improvement of Tsunami Forecast System ••••••(Observation,Analysis, Communication, Facilities)
••Improvement of Tsunami Information •••••••••TransmissionSystem including Communication •••Facilities
•3•Public Relations
• Call Attention tothedanger of Tsunami •among Citizens andDiffuse EvacuationMethod
••Designation of Refuge and Evacuation Routes• ••••Provision of Guide Board
3. Example of TsunamiDisaster andRehabilitation
Hokkaido Nankai-oki Tsunami DisasterJu•• 12, 1993
Earthquake occurred atat 10:17 pm,
Tsunami Computer Simulation of Hokkaido Nanto-oki
Earthquake occurred very close to the island.Tsunami hit the Island only 2 or 3 minutes after the earthquake.The tsunami was higher than 10 m. There was no time for the residents to escape.The number of death and missing was 219 persons.
Aonae District
Fire occurred after Tsunami attackTsunami destroyed whole village
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road ImprovementTide Protection WallRelocation of Residents
Tide Protection Wall
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road ImprovementTide Protection WallRelocation of Residents
Rehabilitated community
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road ImprovementTide Protection WallRelocation of Residents
Rehabilitated community
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road ImprovementTide Protection WallRelocation of Residents
Relocation of 80 houses tonewly developed area on a hill.
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road ImprovementTide Protection WallRelocation of Residents
Construction of Memorial ParkArea 4.5 ha.80 houses are relocated.This area also received a damage from tsunami 10 years ago.
Memorial Park
Memorial Object
Memorial Museum
Evacuation RoadTide Gate
Land fill Piloti
Artificial Ground at Aoine Fishing Port as Tsunami Evacuation spotHeight is 6.6m
July 12, 1993 Tsunami Disaster happened.
Oct. 19, 1993 Okushiri Town proposed two reconstruction plans to the residents.
The residents selected the reconstruction plan.
Dec. 20, 1993 Okushiri Town Assembly approved the plan
Recovery from the Tsunami Disaster
Mar. 17, 1998 Completion of Tsunami Recovery Work
0 50km
Ohunato
Tsunami Disaster in Sanriku ••Meiji Sanriku Tsunami in 1896 3,064 Dead and Missing ••Chile Tsunami in 1960 142 Dead and Missing
Sanriku
Tsunami Flooded Area
Escape spot
Shimo Hunato
Akasaki
Tsunami Flooded Area
Escape spot
Tsunami•DisasterRehabilitationLand Readjustment Project••A=86.7 ha
• Relocate houses to heigher land• Landfill low lying areas
Akasaki
ShimoHunato
Memorials
