ts eliot article

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T. S. EliotFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other people named Thomas Elliot, seeThomas Elliot (disambiguation).

T. S. Eliot

Eliot in 1934

BornThomas Stearns Eliot

26 September 1888

St. Louis, Missouri,United States

Died4 anuar! 196" #a$ed %6&

'ensin$ton,London, En$land

Occupation(oet, dramatist, literar! )riti), and editor

NationalityUS

Citizenship*meri)an b! birth+ ritish -rom 192%

Education* in philosoph!

Alma materMerton olle$e, /0-ord

arard Uniersit!

Sorbonne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Elliot_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Elliot_(disambiguation)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missourihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missourihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxfordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missourihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensingtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxfordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonnehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Elliot_(disambiguation)


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Period19"196"

Literary

movement

Modernism

Notale !or"sThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock#191"&, The Waste

Land#1922&,Four Quartets#1944&

Notale a!ards5obel (rie in Literature#1948&,/rder o- Merit#1948&

Spouse7iienne ai$hood

#m. 191"+ sep. 1932&

Esm: 7alerie ;let)her

#m. 19"%6"&

Si#nature

Thomas Stearns EliotOM(26 September 1888 4 an!ary 1"6#$, better kno%n by hi& penname T. S. Eliot, %a& an 'mericanborn )riti&h e&&ayi&t, p!bli&her, play%ri*ht, literary and&ocial critic and +one of the t%entieth cent!ry& ma-or poet&+./10e moed to 3n*land in 1"14at a*e 2#, &ettlin*, %orkin* and marryin* there. e %a& eent!ally nat!rali&eda& a )riti&h&!b-ectin 1"2 at a*e 5", reno!ncin* hi& 'merican citien&hip./20

3liot attracted %ide&pread attention for hi& poem +7he oe Son* of . 'lfred 9r!frock+(1"1#$, %hich i& &een a& a ma&terpiece of the Moderni&tmoement. :t %a& follo%ed by &omeof the be&tkno%n poem& in the 3n*li&h lan*!a*e, incl!din* The Waste Land(1"22$, +7heollo% Men+ (1"2#$, +'&h Wedne&day+ (1"5;$ andFour Quartets(1"4#$./50e i& al&o kno%nfor hi& &een play&, partic!larlyMurder in the Cathedral(1"5#$. e %a& a%arded the


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o 1.6>eath and hono!r&

29oetry

o 2.1 The Love Song o !. "lred #ruro$%

o

2.2 The Waste Land

o 2.5 The &ollo' Men

o 2.4"shWednesda

o 2.# *ld #ossum+s oo% o #ra$ti$al Cats

o 2.6 Four Quartets

59lay&

4iterary critici&m

#=ritical reception

o #.1?e&pon&e& to hi& poetry

o #.2'lle*ation& of antiSemiti&m

o #.5:nfl!ence

o #.4'%ard&

6Work&

o 6.13arlie&t %ork&

o 6.29oetry

o 6.59lay&

o 6.4


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o ".5Web &ite&

o ".4'rchie&

o ".#Mi&cellaneo!&

Life/edit0Early life and education/edit0

7he 3liot&%ere a )o&tonfamily %ith root& in Oldand


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hae heard of 7ri&tan =orbiHreand hi& book Les amours /aunes, a %ork that affected theco!r&e of 3liot& life. /1807he&arvard "dvo$atep!bli&hed &ome of hi& poem& and he becamelifelon* friend& %ith =onrad 'ikenthe 'merican noeli&t.

'fter %orkin* a& a philo&ophy a&&i&tant at arard from 1";" to 1"1;, 3liot moed to 9ari&%here, from 1"1; to 1"11, he &t!died philo&ophy at theSorbonne. e attended lect!re&by enri )er*&onand read poetry %ith enri 'lbanFo!rnier./50/180From 1"11 to 1"14, he %a&back at arard &t!dyin* :ndian philo&ophy and San&krit./50/1"03liot %a& a%arded a &cholar&hipto Merton =olle*e, O@ford,in 1"14. e fir&t i&ited Marb!r*,Aermany, %here he planned totake a &!mmer pro*ramme, b!t %hen the Fir&t World Warbroke o!t he %ent to O@fordin&tead. 't the time &o many 'merican &t!dent& attended Merton that the!nior =ommon?oompropo&ed a motion +that thi& &ociety abhor& the'mericaniationof O@ford+. :t %a&defeated by t%o ote&, after 3liot reminded the &t!dent& ho% m!ch they o%ed 'mericanc!lt!re./2;0

3liot %rote to =onrad 'iken on


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:n a letter to 'iken late in >ecember 1"14, 3liot, a*ed 26, %rote, +: am ery dependent !pon%omen (: mean female &ociety$.+ /250e&& than fo!r month& later, 7hayer introd!ced 3liotto Giienne ai*hWood, a =ambrid*e *oerne&&.7hey %ere married at amp&tead?e*i&ter Office on 26 !ne 1"1#. /240

'fter a &hort i&it alone to hi& family in the Bnited State&, 3liot ret!rned to ondon and took&eeral teachin* -ob&, &!ch a& lect!rin* at )irkbeck =olle*e,Bnier&ity of ondon.7hephilo&opher )ertrand ?!&&elltook an intere&t in Giienne %hile the ne%ly%ed& &tayed in hi&flat. Some &cholar& hae &!**e&ted that &he and ?!&&ell had an affair, b!t the alle*ation&%ere neer confirmed. /2#0

7he marria*e %a& markedly !nhappy, in part beca!&e of Giienne& health i&&!e&. :n a letteraddre&&ed to 3ra 9o!nd, &he coer& an e@ten&ie li&t of her &ymptom&, %hich incl!ded ahabit!ally hi*h temperat!re,fati*!e, in&omnia, mi*raine&,andcoliti&./2607hi&, co!pled %ithapparent mental in&tability, meant that &he %a& often &ent a%ay by 3liot and her doctor& fore@tended period& of time in the hope of improin* her health, and a& time %ent on, hebecame increa&in*ly detached from her. 7he co!ple formally &eparated in 1"55 and in 1"58Giienne& brother, Ma!rice, had her committed to a l!natic a&yl!m, a*ain&t her %ill, %here&he remained !ntil her death of heart di&ea&e in 1"4. 7heir relation&hip became the &!b-ectof a 1"84 play Tom 0 1iv, %hich in 1""4 %a& adapted a& a film.

:n a priate paper %ritten in hi& &i@tie&, 3liot confe&&edE +: came to per&!ade my&elf that :%a& in loe %ith Giienne &imply beca!&e : %anted to b!rn my boat& and commit my&elf to&tayin* in 3n*land. 'nd &he per&!aded her&elf (al&o !nder the infl!ence of /3ra0 9o!nd$that &he %o!ld &ae the poet by keepin* him in 3n*land. 7o her, the marria*e bro!*ht nohappine&&. 7o me, it bro!*ht the &tate of mind o!t of %hich came The Waste Land.+/20

Teaching, Lloyds, Faber and Faber/edit0

' plaI!e atSO'S& Faber )!ildin*, 24 ?!&&ell SI!are,ondon

'fter leain* Merton, 3liot %orked a& a &choolteacher, mo&t notably ati*h*ate School, apriate &chool in ondon, %here he ta!*ht French and atinJhi& &t!dent& incl!ded theyo!n*ohn )et-eman./50ater he ta!*ht at the ?oyal Arammar School, i*h Wycombe,a&tate &chool in )!ckin*ham&hire. 7o earn e@tra money, he %rote book reie%& and lect!redat eenin* e@ten&ion co!r&e&. :n 1"1, he took a po&ition at loyd& )ankin ondon, %orkin*on forei*n acco!nt&. On a trip to 9ari& in '!*!&t 1"2; %ith the arti&tWyndham e%i&,he metthe %riter ame& oyce.3liot &aid he fo!nd oyce arro*antJoyce do!bted 3liot& ability a&a poet at the timeJb!t the t%o &oon became friend&, %ith 3liot i&itin* oyce %heneer he

%a& in 9ari&./280

3liot andWyndham e%i&al&o maintained a clo&e friend&hip, leadin* toe%i&& later makin* hi& %ellkno%n portrait paintin* of 3liot in 1"58.

=harle& Whibleyrecommended 7.S. 3liot to Aeoffrey Faber./2"0:n 1"2# 3liot left loyd& to -ointhe p!bli&hin* firm Faber and A%yer,laterFaber and Faber, %here he remained for the re&tof hi& career, eent!ally becomin* a director. 't Faber and Faber, he %a& re&pon&ible forp!bli&hin* important 3n*li&h poet& likeW.. '!den, Stephen Spender, and 7ed !*he&./5;0

Conversion to Anglicanism and British citienshi!/edit0
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7heFaber and Faberb!ildin* %here 3liot %orked from 1"2# to 1"6#C the commemoratie plaI!e i& !nder the ri*hthand arch.

On 2" !ne 1"2, 3liot conerted to'n*licani&mfrom Bnitariani&m,and in ay ay%ard, %ho collected andmana*ed 3liot& paper&, &tylin* him&elf +Deeper of the 3liot 'rchie+. /420ay%ard al&o
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collected 3liot& pre9r!frock er&e, commercially p!bli&hed after 3liot& death a& #oemsWritten in Earl 2outh. When 3liot and ay%ard &eparated their ho!&ehold in 1"#, ay%ardretained hi& collection of 3liot& paper&, %hich he beI!eathed toDin*& =olle*e, =ambrid*e,in 1"6#.

On 1; an!ary 1"#, at the a*e of 68, 3liot married 3&mK Galerie Fletcher,%ho %a& 5;. :ncontra&t to hi& fir&t marria*e, 3liot kne% Fletcher %ell, a& &he had been hi& &ecretaryat Faber and Faber&ince '!*!&t 1"4". 7hey kept their %eddin* &ecretC the ceremony %a&held in a ch!rch at 6E1# am %ith irt!ally no one in attendance other than hi& %ife& parent&.3liot had no children %ith either of hi& %ie&. :n the early 1"6;&, by then in failin* health,3liot %orked a& an editor for theWe&leyan Bnier&ity 9re&&,&eekin* ne% poet& in 3!rope forp!blication. 'fter 3liot& death, Galerie dedicated her time to pre&erin* hi& le*acy, by editin*and annotatin* The Letters o T. S. Eliotand a fac&imile of the draft of The Waste Land./450Galerie 3liot died on "


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by printin* t%o or three more poem& in a year. 7he only thin* that matter& i& that the&e&ho!ld be perfect in their kind, &o that each &ho!ld be an eent.+ /40

7ypically, 3liot fir&t p!bli&hed hi& poem& indiid!ally in periodical& or in &mall book& orpamphlet&, and then collected them in book&. i& fir&t collection %a& #ruro$% and *ther*bservations(1"1$. :n 1"2;, he p!bli&hed more poem& in"ra 1os #re$(ondon$and #oems3 4567(!rin* an interie% in 1"#", 3liot &aid of hi& nationality and it& role in hi& %orkE +:d &ay thatmy poetry ha& obio!&ly more in common %ith my di&tin*!i&hed contemporarie& in 'mericathan %ith anythin* %ritten in my *eneration in 3n*land. 7hat :m &!re of. ... :t %o!ldnt be%hat it i&, and : ima*ine it %o!ldnt be &o *oodC p!ttin* it a& mode&tly a& : can, it %o!ldnt be

%hat it i& if :d been born in 3n*land, and it %o!ldnt be %hat it i& if :d &tayed in 'merica. :t& acombination of thin*&. )!t in it& &o!rce&, in it& emotional &prin*&, it come& from 'merica.+/4"0

=leo Mcanteand refer&to a n!mber of literary %ork&, incl!din* &amletand tho&e of the French Symboli&t&. :t&reception in ondon can be *a!*ed from an !n&i*ned reie% in The Times LiterarSupplementon 21 !ne 1"1. +7he fact that the&e thin*& occ!rred to the mind of Mr. 3liot i&
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&!rely of the ery &malle&t importance to anyone, een to him&elf. 7hey certainly hae norelation topoetr.+/#10

The Waste Land/edit0

7. S. 3liot in 1"25 byady Ottoline Morrell.

Main arti$le3The Waste Land

:n October 1"22, 3liot p!bli&hed The Waste Landin The Criterion. 3liot& dedication to ilmiglior abbro(+the better craft&man+$ refer& to 3ra 9o!nd& &i*nificant hand in editin* andre&hapin* the poem from a lon*er 3liot man!&cript to the &hortened er&ion that appear& inp!blication./#20

:t %a& compo&ed d!rin* a period of per&onal diffic!lty for 3liotJhi& marria*e %a& failin*, andboth he and Giienne %ere &!fferin* from nero!& di&order&. 7he poem i& often read a& arepre&entation of the di&ill!&ionment of the po&t%ar *eneration. )efore the poem&p!blication a& a book in >ecember 1"22, 3liot di&tanced him&elf from it& i&ion of de&pair.

On 1#


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+Old A!y Fa%ke&+ ofthe A!npo%der 9lotJor the colonial and a*rarianmytho& ofo&eph=onradand ame& Aeor*e Fraer, %hich, at lea&t for rea&on& of te@t!al hi&tory, echo in TheWaste Land./#07he +contin!o!& parallel bet%een contemporaneity and antiI!ity+ that i& &ocharacteri&tic of hi& mythical method remained in fine form./#80The &ollo' Mencontain& &omeof 3liot& mo&t famo!& line&, notably it& concl!&ionE

This is the 'a the 'orld ends?ot 'ith a bang but a 'himper.

Ash-Wednesday/edit0Main arti$le3"sh Wednesda (poem)

"shWednesdai& the fir&t lon* poem %ritten by 3liot after hi& 1"2 coner&ionto'n*licani&m.9!bli&hed in 1"5;, it deal& %ith the &tr!**le that en&!e& %hen one %ho ha&lacked faith acI!ire& it. Sometime& referred to a& 3liot& +coner&ion poem+, it i& richly b!tambi*!o!&ly all!&ie, and deal& %ith the a&piration to moe from &pirit!al barrenne&& tohope for h!man&alation. 3liot& &tyle of %ritin* in"shWednesda&ho%ed a marked &hiftfrom the poetry he had %ritten prior to hi& 1"2 coner&ion, and hi& po&tconer&ion &tyle%o!ld contin!e in a &imilar ein. i& &tyle %a& to become le&& ironic, and the poem& %o!ldno lon*er be pop!lated by m!ltiple character& in dialo*!e. i& &!b-ect matter %o!ld al&o

become more foc!&ed on 3liot& &pirit!al concern& and hi& =hri&tian faith.

Many critic& %ere partic!larly enth!&ia&tic abo!t"shWednesda. 3d%in M!irmaintainedthat it i& one of the mo&t moin* poem& 3liot %rote, and perhap& the +mo&t perfect+, tho!*h it%a& not %ell receied by eeryone. 7he poem& *ro!nd%ork of orthodo@ =hri&tianitydi&comfited many of the more &ec!larliterati./50/#"0

Old Possu!s "ook of Pract#cal $ats/edit0Main arti$le3*ld #ossum+s oo% o #ra$ti$al Cats

:n 1"5", 3liot p!bli&hed a book of li*ht er&e, *ld #ossum+s oo% o #ra$ti$al Cats(+Old9o&&!m+ %a& 3ra 9o!nd& nickname for him$. 7hi& fir&t edition had an ill!&tration of thea!thor on the coer. :n 1"#4, the compo&er'lan ?a%&thorne&et &i@ of the poem& for&peaker and orche&tra in a %ork entitled #ra$ti$al Cats. 'fter 3liot& death, the book %a&

adapted a& the ba&i& of the m!&icalCatsby'ndre% loyd Webber,fir&t prod!ced inondon& We&t 3nd in 1"81 and openin* on )road%aythe follo%in* year.

%our &uartets/edit0Main arti$le3Four Quartets

3liot re*arded Four Quartetsa& hi& ma&terpiece, and it i& the %ork that led to hi& bein*a%arded the


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place, L Will not &tay &till.+ )y compari&on, the narrator concl!de& that +oe i& it&elf!nmoin*, L Only the ca!&e and end of moement, L 7imele&&, and !nde&irin*.+

East Co%ercontin!e& the e@amination of time and meanin*, foc!&in* in a famo!& pa&&a*eon the nat!re of lan*!a*e and poetry. O!t of darkne&&, 3liot offer& a &ol!tionE +: &aid to my&o!l, be &till, and %ait %itho!t hope.+

The ante, and my&tic& St. ohn of the =ro&&and!lian of


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&en&ibility.+/5;0'fter thi&, he %orked on more +commercial+ play& for more *enerala!dience&E The Famil -eunion(1"5"$, The Co$%tail #art(1"4"$, The Conidential Cler%,(1"#5$ and The Elder Statesman(1"#8$ (the latter three %ere prod!ced by enrySherekand directed by 3. Martin )ro%ne/610$. 7he )road%ay prod!ction in

ts eliot article

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