treatment manual 10 us

8/8/2019 Treatment Manual 10 Us

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/treatment-manual-10-us 1/15

E NVIRONME NT AL BAMBOO F OUNDAT ION

P r e s e r v a t i o n

f o r

i f f us ion

er t i ca loak



E n v i r o n m e n t a l

B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n

1

Initial research on modified Boucherie Teatment was done by Prof. Dr. W. Liese,Universität Hamburg, Germany, and later adapted by the Environmental BambooFoundation with Don Longuevan under a grant from IESC International ExecutivesService Corp. Laboratory testing was performed by Koppers-Hickson in NewZealand.

We thank Ben Brown of Mangrove Action Project for providing valuable help and

insight during the testing period and providing translation services for the Indonesianedition.

We appreciate the advise/comments made by Prof.Liese along the developmentof the VSD treatment.

Many thanks to Emerald Starr of Sacred Mountain Sanctuary in Sideman, Bali, whoused a high percentage of experimental VSD treated bamboo timbers when buildinghis resort. Seven years later, the bamboo he used is still in excellent condition.

2

Acknowledgements

This publication is not copyrighted. EBF encourages the translation, adaptationand copying of materials for non-commercial use, providing an acknowledgement

to EBF.

Every effort has been made to ensure that all the information in this booklet isaccurate. However, due to differing conditions, kind and age of the bamboos, tools,and individual skills, the publisher cannot be responsible for any injuries, losses,and other damages that may result from the use of the information of this booklet.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

Managing Tropical Bamboo

Harvesting Tropical Bamboo

Planning a Treatment Center

Appendices

Mixing the Solution

A) Bamboo & Conservation

C) Job Sheet Sample

Table of Contents

List of Tools and Materials

B) Information about BORAX

1

2

3-4

5-6

7-8

9-10

Treatment Procedure

11-12

13-14

15-20

Preface and Introduction

21-22

23

24

E) Local Names 26

D) Financial Analysis 25

F) Bamboo Uses 27-28

First Edition published 2-1-2003 by: LINDA GARLANDEnvironmental Bamboo Foundation, Bali, Indonesia,ebf@bamboocentral. info, www.bamboocentral.org

Engineering Consultant: Ben Brown

The Environmental Bamboo Foundation (EBF) is an Indonesian non-profitorganization started in 1993 by designer and environmentalist, LINDA GARLAND.

The EBF strives to protect tropical forests by promoting and demonstrating themany conservation and development opportunities that bamboo offers. Themission of the Environmental Bamboo Foundation is to encourage, throughresearch and education, the sustainable planting and utilization of bamboo inan effort to promote its many environmental benefits and protect the world’sremaining tropical forests and mangroves.Based in Bali, Indonesia, the EBF has affiliate non-profit organizations in theUnited States and in Holland.

Graphics & Layout: Studio LaBel, Hedi LaBelResearch & Development: Environmental Bamboo Foundation (EBF)

Petra SchneiderEditorial AssistantKetut SadiaProject Manager

E n v i r o n m e n t a l B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n E n v i r o n m e n t a l B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n



* see local names in Appendix

Introduction

Bamboo culms are a natural material susceptible to insect andfungal attack. Without treatment products made from bamboo canbe expected to last for only up to 3 years.

There are many different techniques for curing and treating bambooculms in order to prevent splitting,insect infection and fungal growth.In this booklet we present the Vertical Soak Diffusion (VSD) methodwhich uses minimally toxic borates as preservatives. The methodhas been tested in Indonesia using three species of bamboo:Dendrocalamus asper*

Gigantochloa apus*

Gigantochloa atter*

If you are intending to use other species of bamboo, follow themethodology in this booklet to treat a small section (1-2 internodes)and observe the rate of penetration of the red dye discussed in

step 14, page 18.

Whereas bamboo treated by the modified boucherie system (apressure system introduced by Prof. Dr. Liese, Hamburg, Germany)is appropriate for large scale plantations growing bamboo forconstruction timber, furniture, and some crafts the VSD systemworks well with small-plantation situations , and communitydevelopment work in rural villages

3 4

The use of bamboo products requires often its protection againstbiodegradation by chemical treatment. Its application is hinderedby the structure of the culm, the need for larger technical installationsand the danger of environmental side-effects. The VSD methoddeveloped by EBF is obviously an efficient method to obtain welltreated culms, safe to be handled. Its wider application, also toother species, will strengthen its base.

Preface

Walter LieseUniversität Hamburg, Germany




10-15cm buffer

cut 20cm above roots

Managing Bamboo

In the dry season, almost allculms that are 3 years or oldercan be removed from a clump

by cutting them just above anode about 20cm above theground. Some younger oneshave to remain for furthernourishment of the rhizome.

Use a marking pen to date youngculms when they first appear,

that way you will know whenthey are at least 3-4 years oldwithout having to guess.

Clumping bamboos are non-invasive. They do not ruinbuildings, they grow very fastwhen young and the culmsare larger than those of therunning bamboo. They requirelittle maintenance, althoughsimple clump managementwill benefit both the growerand the bamboos.

In the shooting season, removeany shoots that are going to createovercrowding (many species areedible, cooked). Leave only theshoots of good diameter which

have potential to produce straightstrong poles for timber use.

Clumping Bamboo

5 6E n v i r o n m e n t a l B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n E n v i r o n m e n t a l B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n



Floorplan

4 m

7.3 m

14.9 m

8 m

27 m

32 m

2.5 m

9 m

2 m

6.4 m

30cm

70cm

Treatment Area

6 m

21.5 m

make sure that allelectrical appliancesare grounded andexposed piping is

protected

Using the heredisplayed principlesin simpler and moreeconomic versions isof course acceptable

Planning a TreatmentCenter

9 10

1100 liters tanksfor Borax/BoricAcid Solution

Concrete Basin forhorizontal soak &

washing bamboo

Main verticalconcrete soak basin

Floor of basinto be slopedtowards sumphole

Elevation

Floorplan(Treatment

Area)

Sump hole

Sump hole withsump pump

Trough 10cm deep

Water Faucet

D r a i n S

l o p e

Concrete Concrete

Filter

Storage House forChemicals and Misc.

Storage shed fordrying the treatedbamboo culms.




hex nut

Scale: 1.000 - 1.050for salt solutions

Length depending on the culm to be treated

(can be found in aquarium stores)

List of Tools & Materials

Borax & Boric Acid

Iron Rod with attached(preferably welded) Hex Nut

Eye Protection

Rubber Gloves

Rubber Boots

Water

Red Textile Dye, Aniline,high quality

11 12

Flat, broad Bamboo orWooden Stick for Mixing

Rope (for tying Culms)

Brushes for Cleaning

Plastic Containers for Solution

Plastic Containers forMixing & Measuring

Hydrometers

Bamboo Node Punch

Plastic or Rubber Hose

Pump, plastic and/or stainlesssteel

Hacksaw

Small Sum Pump

Filter




3STEP

A 10% Solutionshould give you areading between1.030 and 1.0401.000

1.005

1.0101.015

1.020

1.025

1.030

1.035

1.040

1.045

1.150

Buy only high qualitytextile dye.

Mixing the Borax Solution

13 14

2STEP

1STEP 4STEP

Water45liters

BORAX3 kg

BORICACID 2 kg

Calculate the internal volume of the culms .There are 3 differrent ways to do this:

1. Volume in liters = inner radius squared x 3.1416 x height incm of culm divided by 1000

Example: bamboo with radius = 6cm, height = 400cm((6x6) x 3.1416 x 400)) / 1000 = 45 liters2. Fill one punctured culm with water and simply measure how

many liters it takes to fill it up. Multiply by the number of culms.3. Fill one average internode; measure the amount in liters andmultiply by the number internodes and by the number of culms.

Slowly add water stirringc o n s t a n t l y u n t i lBORAX/BORIC ACID anddye are completely dissolvedand no more crystals are atbottom of container.

Add red analyn textile dye. Its h o u l d c o m p l e t e l ypenetrate the tissue of theculms from the inside all

the way to the outside skin.If the particles of the dyeare too large they will onlypartially dissolve and "plug"the openings in the tissuet h u s p r e v e n t i n gpene t r a t i o n o f t h epreservative.

Mix 3 kg of BORAX with 2 kg of BORIC ACID and add 45 liters water. Thisgives a 9 to 1 or 10% solution Test the solution with a

hydrometer under normaltemperatures of your

region.Fill a small test containerwith the Borax/Boric Acidsolution slowly, so as tonot form air bubbles.

Lower the Hydrometer intothe container and give ita quick twirl like spinningthe top. This will get ridof air bubbles that mighthave accumulated on thehydrometer.Then read the number

where the solution crossest he s c a l e o n t h ehydrometer, like readinga thermometer: 1.035 (orwhatever a close numberis) will be your benchmarkfor re-testing the solutionlater.

5 lit ers 5 lit ers 5 lit ers 5 lit ers 5 li ters 5 li te rs 5 li te rs 5 lit ers 5 lit ers

5STEP

2




7STEP STEP9

Treatment

STEP8

Weld hex nut to one endof iron rod. With this rodyou can punch holes

through the diaphragms.The hex nut will createlarge diameter holes thuspreventing air bubbles fromforming in the culms duringthe fi l l ing procedure.

Place the bamboo against a

wall. Insert the iron rod andpunch holes through thenodes.Make sure the last node isnot punctured.

Thoroughly clean theoutside of the bambooculms with water andbrushes (or coconut husksand sand, or scotch brite)

Move the bamboo to theconcrete basin.Stand up vertically.

Tie culms securely togetherso that they cannot movewhen they are being filledwith the BORAX/BORICACID SOLUTION. Culmsbecome very heavy whenfilled.

6STEP

End of Iron Rod

15 16

Hex Nut




1 2 3 4 5 6

8 9 10 11 12 137

15 1614

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Jan Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun

Jul Aug

Sep Oct

Nov Dec

Calendar

17

IN

OUT

STEP13

IN

11STEP

The time required forcomplete penetration

depends upon the culmwall thickness and its

moisture

NOTE:

STEP12

Treatment

Connect a hose to thecontainer which holds themixture. Pump the solutioninto the culms.

Fill the entire bamboo withthe solution. Every morningrefill the culms which haveabsorbed approximately1% of the liquid overnight.Every day absorbtion rateis less.

10STEP

On Day 14, test check theculm by sawing off theupper internode. The fabricdye has now penetratedthe culm walls sidewaysand colored them pinkish.Carefully carry the filledculm close to the sump holeand break the last nodeusing a metal punch. Makesure you wear face

protection.The diaphragms of largeculms should be puncturedby using the iron rod.The solution will now flowon the sloped basin floorinto the sump hole.

On Day 13 don't add moresolution. Allow the level togo down to avoid overflowwhen the last node isbroken.

17 18

continued

Slope




Make sure to liftculms off the floor

for better aircirculation

Leave the bamboo for a minimumof one hour in the basin for the

solution to fully drain out of culmsinto the sump hole.Pump leftover solution back intocontainer through a filter for re-use. The filter should be regularlychanged. Test again with thehydrometer and add moreBORAX/BORIC ACID if necessary(see appendix page 23). Wipe downthe whole culm to remove excessborate.

Store the bamboohor izonta l ly orvertically in theshade (hot sunsplits it) to slowlydry. Make sure thatit is not exposed to

rain which couldwash ou t thepreservative.

19

14STEP

Treatment

20

continued

15STEP

Notes




Co

21 22

BAMBOO CONSERVATION - THE EN IBLE W AY$ $

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25

O CO1 2 O CO1 2 O CO1 2

WOOD BAMBOO

O CO1 2 O CO1 2 O CO1 2 O CO1 2 O CO1 2

GLOBAL WARMIN G

EROSION

HARVEST ON CE EVERY TEN YEARS ANNU AL CROP

IRREGULAR EM PLOYMEN T LABOR IN TENSIVE

IRREGULAR INCOM E

YEARS

REGULAR INCOM E



B) Information about Borates

23 24

BORAX/BORIC ACID is more environmentally friendly than otherwood preservatives currently used.

The BORAX/BORIC ACID SOLUTION can be used more than oncefor treating bamboo, as long as the hydrometer reading of thesolution is still at the initial level, of approximately 1.035. Keepin mind that, as the bamboo sap gets partially drained out of theculm, the starch/sugar from the sap will move into the treatmentsolution. This can lead to inaccurate hydrometer readings. Afterthe 3rd or 4th use gradually increase the BORAX/BORIC ACIDconcentration to 1.040 and 1.050. At the point when the drainedsolution foams significantly and/or mold is forming on the surfaceof the solution and on the bamboo culm it is time for the solutionto be disposed of.

BORAX/BORIC ACID is non toxic to the environment, but is highlysaline. When a moderate amount of it is absorbed into the ground,the ground filters out the salt to the point where it does not pollutethe ground water. However, it is advisable to dispose of it safelyand out of reach of children.When diluted with more water the discarded solution could be usedas a herbicide on terraces and walkways.

PT CHIMIFIN JAYA UTAMA, JAKARTATel 021-424-0202, 424-7141, 425-5563

Fax 420-5588

UD. Saba Kimia, Denpasar,Tel/Fax 0361-410662

Reuse Guidelines

Disposal Guidelines

Where to buy BORATES in Indonesia

Appendices continued


B) Job SheetCustomer Name

Customer Tel. No.

Bamboo Species

Date Arrived

Date TreatmentStarted

Date TreatmentFinished

Quantity of Culms

Length of Culms

Average InsideDiameter

Average OutsideDiameter

1 2 3

Day 1

Total Liters Added

New Liters Added Liters of Used Solution in Tank

Liters of Solution Left in Tank

Total Liters Used

Drying Period

Total BORAX Used

Total BORIC ACID Used

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day 10

Day 11

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

Day 15

Day 16

Drying Period

Drying Period



Foundation Work 368Cement & Plaster 680

1 Ladder200

Roof & Platform 270Water Pump 512 Storage Tanks 1100 ltr 150Plumbing & Electrical 63Carpenters’ & Constr. Labor 650Tools, Hydrometers 2303 Metal Pipes, 8m long 15

Total Startup Costs

23Structural Wood

Start-up Costs

US$ 2,700

Borax & Boric Acid 520

Tools

500

Labor, 3 workers for 24 weeks 865Labor during Off Season 335Admin. Wages 290Repairs & Maintenance 300

Utilities 230Loan paid back (5Yrs, 3.5% Int.) 600Misc. 120

Total Running Costs per Year 3,860

100Transportation

Yearly Runn ing Costs (for 2000 culms, 6m, 6.75cm dia)

US$

(actual costs from Coastal Community Resource Center,Manado, Indonesia)

If 2000 treated culms were to be sold for US$ 0.60 a piece this wouldgenerate a net profit of 45% of gross sales.

US$

US$

Appendices continued

25 26

C) Cost Analysis


Gigantochloaapus

Gigantochloaatter

Dendrocalamusasper

bulu pagarbulu cinabulu jawa

bulu jawa

Manado

Eastern Indon.

Malayu

TagalogBikol

BatakSudanese

Javanese

MadureseBalinese

Indonesian

Indonesia

Countries Languages

Malaysia

Philipines

Singapore

L a o s

Thailand

Vietnam

E . T i m o r

bambu tali

awi talipring apus

pring tali

bambu ater

pring legiawi tenen

péréng keles

bukawe

bambu betung

awi bitung

bulu batung

buloh betingbuloh betongbuloh panching

botongVisaya butong

rebong china

hok

phai-tong

manh tong

pring betung

bambu tali

patung au oraTetun

D) Local Bamboo Names



27 28E n v i r o n m e n t a l B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n E n v i r o n m e n t a l B a m b o o F o u n d a t i o n

village is happy

FoodWater Shed

Erosion controlToxic CleanupCharcoalMedicinal

Arts & CraftsMedicinalCO2

HousesFurniture

ConstructionCharcoalFurniture

BAMBOOUSES

Upper Culm

(Leaves &Branches):

Mid-Culm:

Base:

Root System:

bamboo forestsare planted

houses arebuilt

productsare made

& consumed

productsare sold

Loans aregiven

Financing

bank getsloan back

plus interest

treatment manual 10 us

Documents