TRANSLATION CURRICULUMLEC-03PRESENTED BYA.L. MOHAMMED ALADDIN

العناصر التي تقلل اهمية النص المترجم التعابي��ر الجامدة وه��ي الكلمات والعبارات الت��ي •

فقدت هويتها بسسب كثرة االستعمالMY LOVE IS A RED ROSE

اخيرا وليس اخراً

وهنالك اساليب للحصول على مفردات جديدة ومن اشهرها استخدام المقاييس اللغة وقوانينها

,PREFIX, INFIXوذلك باستخدام الزيادات SUFFIX.

عدم انسجام الكلمات مع بعضها في الصوت واالستعمال

تجنب استعمال الكلمات المتنافرة في صوتها•عاصفة موسمية قوية شرقية

عاصفة موسمية شديدة تهب من الشرقتجنب الكلمات الثقيلة على اللفظ والتمكررة كما •

يجب اختيار الكلمات المتجانسة صوتيا

تقول نظرية المعلومات ان مقياس ما تحملة من •معلومات هو التنبؤ برموز تلك الرسالة فكلما

قلت المعلومات التي يحملها الرمز سهل التنبؤ به فالمعلومات التي يحملها الرمز يساوي

الحدس او التنبؤ والعالقة بينها عكسية ثمن هذا الكتاب نصف •ثمن هذا الكتاب •ان جميع اللغات تحتوي على الكثير من الكلمات •

التي ال تحمل اال معلومات قليلة

LITERARY TRANSLATION• IN ADDİTİON TO A THOROUGH MASTERY OF THE SOURCE LANGUAGE, THE LTERARY TRANSLATOR MUST POSSESS A PROFOUND KNOWLEDGE OF THE TARGET LANGUAGE.

• THE LITERARY TRANSLATOR MUST COMMAND TONE, STYLE, FLEXİBİLİTY, İNVENTİVENESS, KNOWLEDGE OF THE SL CULTURE, ABİLİTY TO GLEAN MEANİNG FROM AMBİGUİTY, AND EAR FOR SONORİTY AND HUMİLİTY.

• IT İS MARKED BY A HEİGHTENED SENSİTİVİTY TO NUANCE (SEEMİNGLY STRAİGHTFORWARD PHRASES/SENTENCES MAY BE RENDERED İN SEVERAL DİFFERENT WAYS, EACH WİTH A SUBTLE SHADİNG).

• SUCH SENTENCES MAY CONVEY THE SAME İNFORMATİON, BUT THEY DİFFER SİGNİFİCANTLY İN AESTHETİC EFFECT; THUS THE TRANSLATOR İS CONSTANTLY FACED WİTH CHOİCES TO MAKE WİTH REGARDS TO WORDS, FİDELİTY, EMPHASİS, PUNCTUATİON, AND REGİSTER.

• DANIEL R. BOISVERT OBSERVES, WE CAN USE SENTENCES TO "WARN, CONGRATULATE, COMPLAIN, PREDICT, COMMAND, APOLOGIZE, INQUIRE, EXPLAIN, DESCRIBE, REQUEST, BET, MARRY, AND ADJOURN, TO LIST JUST A FEW SPECIFIC KINDS OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT" 

IN SPEECH-ACT THEORY, AN ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IS THE WAY IN WHICH A SENTENCE IS USED TO EXPRESS AN ATTITUDE WITH A CERTAIN FUNCTION OR "FORCE" (CALLED ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE). 

In English grammar and speech-act theory, a performative verb is a verb that explicitly conveys the kind of speech act being performed—such as promise, invite, apologize, predict, vow, request, warn, insist, and forbid. Also known as speech-act verb or performative utterance. 

"'I DECLARE,' HE SAID, 'WITH THE MAMMA I GOT IT'S A WONDER I TURNED OUT TO BE SUCH A NICE BOY!'"

(FLANNERY O'CONNOR, "GREENLEAF." THE KENYON REVIEW, 1957)

 "AS YOUR PRESIDENT, I WOULD DEMAND A SCIENCE-FICTION LIBRARY, FEATURING AN ABC OF THE GENRE. ASIMOV, BESTER, CLARKE."

(MARTIN PRINCE IN "LISA'S SUBSTITUTE." THE SIMPSONS, 1991)

ALLITERATION• REPETİTİON OF THE SAME SOUND AT THE

BEGİNNİNG OF CONSECUTİVE WORDS:“THE SURRENDER OF HER WEARY GHOST TO

THE KEEPİNG OF STARS AND SEA WAS STİRRİNG LİKE THE SİGHT OF A GLORİOUS TRİUMPH.”

FROM JOSEPH CONRAD’S “YOUTH”

ALLUSİON• AN İMPLİED OR İNDİRECT REFERENCE• WRİTERS OFTEN ALLUDE TO WELL-

KNOWN TEXTS/PEOPLE İN THEİR WORKS TO GİVE A SHARPER EDGE TO THE POİNT THEY ARE MAKİNG.• FOUR TYPES OF ALLUSİONS ARE LİKELY

TO OCCUR REGULARLY İN LİTERATURE WRİTTEN İN ENGLİSH: BİBLİCAL, CLASSİCAL, CULTURAL, AND LİTERARYقتل عاد،ستيني المظهر، كريم كحاتم، أين من

حبي عنترا

FOREİGN WORDS“THE CALM MADONNA O’ER YOUR HEAD SMİLES, COL BAMBİNO, ON THE BED WHERE BUT YOUR CHASTE EARS I MUST SPARE WHERE, AS WE SAİD, VOUS FAİTES VOTRE AFFAİRE.”

ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGHGENREMany non-Western genres (except haiku) have found it hard to be accepted in Western literature because there is no obvious Western analog for them (e.g., the Arabic qasidah or Chinese rhyme-prose)

GRAMMATİCAL NORMS• WRİTERS SOMETİMES DEVİATE FROM THE

ACCEPTED GRAMMATİCAL USAGE OF THEİR TİME FOR DİFFERENT REASONS.

“SAYS GORGİNG JİM TO GUZZLİNG JACKY WE HAVE NO WİTTLES, SO WE MUST EAT WE.”

METAPHOR

“She was drowning in money.”

NEOLOGİSMS• “A SHARP FRAGİLLYCUT NOSE”PARODYParody: A literary or musical work in which the style of an author is closely imitated for comic effect or ridicule)

Translation of parody requires alertness to the work(s) parodied, probably the most difficult for translators.

POETİC DİCTİON• A STYLE OF WRİTİNG THAT EXHİBİTS A FAİRLY DENSE CONCENTRATİON OF İLLOCUTİONARY POWER İN RELATİVELY FEW WORDS, STANZAS, OR PARAGRAPHS:

“MORNİNG DAWNED AT LAST, SLOWLY, WİTH A PALE YELLOW DOME OF LİGHT RİSİNG SİLENTLY ABOVE THE BLUFFS, WHİCH STAND LİKE A HUGE STORM-DEVASTATED CASTLE, JUST EAST OF THE CİTY.”

HAMLIN GARLAND

PUN• A PLAY ON TWO OF THE MEANİNGS A WORD CAN HAVE

“BELACQUA CUT THE SURGEON.”

CUT: İGNORE, GİVE THE COLD SHOULDER TO

REGİSTER• IF YOU ARE İNTRODUCED TO THE QUEEN

OF ENGLAND, WHAT DO YOU SAY:

• “Hİ, QUEEN” OR “YOUR MAJESTY”

RHYME AND METER• RHYME: İDENTİCAL STRESSED VOWELS AND

THE CONSONANTS SUCCEEDİNG THEM AT THE END OF A WORD

• METER: SYSTEMATİCALLY ARRANGED AND MEASURED RHYTHM İN VERSE.

• BOTH RHYME AND METER ARE VERY DİFFİCULT TO TRANSLATE, ESPECİALLY İNTO LANGUAGES WİTH A DİFFERENT VOWEL AND CONSONANT DİSTRİBUTİON.

SYNTAX• MOST STRİNGENT AND LEAST FLEXİBLE OF ALL THE CONSTRAİNTS TRANSLATORS MUST WORK UNDER, SİNCE İT REGULATES THE ORDER OF THE WORDS TO BE TRANSLATED.

• FEW LİBERTİES CAN BE TAKEN WİTH THE WORD ORDER BEFORE THE TEXT BECOMES UNİNTELLİGİBLE.

ANY QUESTIONS?THANK YOU

•MOHAMMED ALADDIN’S STUDENTS

(FACEBOOK GROUP)•NEXT LECTURE: QUIZ OR CONCEPTS RESEARCHES•MOSTLY RECOMMENDED: READ WELL! EVERYONE MUST ATTEND