LINGUISTICS CURRICULUMLEC-03PRESENTED BYA.L. MOHAMMED ALADDIN

PHONETICSPHONETIC ALPHABET: A SET OF SYMBOLS, EACH ONE REPRESENTING A DISTINCT SOUND SEGMENT.

the study of the characteristics ofspeech sounds“ “

ARTICULATORY PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF HOW SPEECH SOUNDS ARE MADE, OR ARTICULATED.

ACOUSTIC PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SPEECH AS SOUND WAVES.

AUDITORY PHONETICS: THE STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS BY THE EAR, ALSO CALLED “PERCEPTUAL PHONETICS”.

voiceless: speech sounds produced without vibration of the vocal folds.voice: speech sounds produced with vibration of the vocal folds.

PHONOLOGY THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS AND PATTERNS OF SPEECH SOUNDS IN A PARTICULAR LANGUAGE. IT IS, IN EFFECT, BASED ON A THEORY OF WHAT EVERY SPEAKER OF A LANGUAGE UNCONSCIOUSLY KNOWS ABOUT THE SOUND PATTERNS OF THAT LANGUAGE.

How can we see phonology is concerned with the abstract set of sounds in a language that allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and hear?tar, car, far, bar

meaning-distinguishing soundsPhonemes

phoneme:the smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in the abstract representation of the sounds of a language/t/

[t]

slash marks are conventionally used to indicate a phoneme, /t/, as an abstract segment.

[t] used for each phonetic or physically produced segment.

phone: a physically produced speech sound, representing one version of a phoneme.

Phoneme: is the abstract unit or sound-type (“in the mind”), there are many different versions of that sound-type regularly produced in actual speech (“in the mouth”).

allophone: one of a closely related set of speech sounds or phones.

SEGMENTAL LEVEL: WHAT YOU SAYSUPERSEGMENTAL LEVEL: HOW YOU SAY SOMETHING

SEGMENTAL LEVEL: SPEECH SOUNDS ARE THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.

TO DEFINE THE ARTICULAR PROPERTIES OF ALL HUMAN SPEECH SOUNDS

PHONETICIAN: VOICELESS DENTAL FRICATIVE E.G. [Θ] SOUND THEN PHONOLOGIST: WOULD ASK WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THIS SOUND IN PARTICULAR LANGUAGEE.G. [Θ] IS USED IN ENGLISH BUT NOT IN GERMAN

INVENTORIESSegmental inventory: languages have same sounds inventory but different realizations of these sounds segments. Supersegmental inventories: with clearly definable functions.

METRICAL PHONOLOGY:TONAL PHENOMENA: TONAL PATTERNS CAN DISTINGUISH LEXICAL OR MORPHOLOGICAL ROLE.

STRESS PHENOMENA: WORDS WITH MORE THAN ONE SYLLABLE, ONE SYLLABLE AT LEAST HAS MORE PROMINENCE AND THUS INFLUENCE THE MEANING OF THE WORD.

SUPERSEGMENTAL PHENOMENA INVESTIGATE ASPECTS OF:

PITCH: FREQUENCY [HZ] LOUDNESS: INTENSITY [DB] LENGTH: DURATION [SEC]

“I WAS THERE”

ENGLISH USES THE WHOLE RANGE OF PITCH VARIATION, WITH NO COMMON RULE:

I SAT BY THE WINDOW READING A BOOK.

CAN THE MEANING OF AN UTTERANCE BE DETERMINED BY THE TYPE OF PITCH VARIATION USE?HAS PITCH VARIATION A PARTICULAR FUNCTION IN ENGLISH?

I SAW A PINK ELEPHANT. THE ANSWER CAN BE “REALLY” EXPRESSING EITHER BOREDOM OR EXCITEMENT.

• LEXICAL STRESS: • CONTRAST /’KANTRÆST/ N. AND

/KAN’TRÆST/ V.

• SHIFT STRESS:• THIRTEEN /ΘƏRTI:N/ • A THIRTEEN YEARS OLD GIRL. /’ΘƏRTI:N/• SHE IS THIRTEEN. /ΘƏ’RTI:N/

• WEAKENING: • HE ASKED FOUR/FOR QUESTIONS. • /FƆR/ /FƏR/ 

ANY QUESTIONS?THANK YOU• MOHAMMED ALADDIN’S STUDENTS

(FACEBOOK GROUP)• NEXT LECTURE: • QUIZ OR CONCEPTS RESEARCHES• RECOMMENDED: READ WELL! EVERYONE

MUST ATTEND