transfusion medicine dr. ayesha junaid mbbs,mcps,fcps. professor of pathology consultant haematology...
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TRANSFUSIONMEDICINE
DR. AYESHA JUNAID
MBBS,MCPS,FCPS.Professor of Pathology
Consultant HaematologyIncharge Blood Transfusion Services
SIH
TRANSFUSION REQUIREMNT
ONLY APPROPRIATE TRANSFUSION
Transfusion of safe blood products to treat a condition leading to significant
morbidity /mortality that could not be prevented or managed effectively by
other means
TRANSFUSION
Haematological malignancies 15% of all red cell units transfused
to haematological diseases are transfused for Malignant disorders
Effect of the disease itself Myeloablative /myelosuppressive
effects of specific treatment
Indications for RCC, Plts,FFPNO UNIVERSAL TRIGGER FOR TRANSFUSION
Clinical judgment Quality of life indices Approach to the management and
prevention of complications
BLOOD COMPONENTS Whole blood Packed red blood cells Leukodepleted red cells Washed red blood cells Platelets concentrates Single-donor/Random-donor Irradiated blood products
(red blood cells and platelets concentrates) Leukocyte (granulocyte) concentrates
BLOOD COMPONENTS
Plasma components/products Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) Cryoprecipitate Factor concentrates (VIII, IX) albumin Immune globulins
Whole Blood
Red Blood cells, Platelets and White Blood Cells all suspended in Plasma constitute
Whole Blood.
Whole Blood Unit
After centrifugation whole blood
separates into the plasma and platelets on top and packed red blood cells on the bottom.
A plasma expresser is used to literally squeeze the plasma and platelets off the top and leave only the red
blood cells in the original bag.
RBC Components Packed RBCs(RCC)
Approx. 1/2 the volume of Whole Blood Same RBC mass therefore same oxygen
carrying capacity Total Volume 250ml Expiration Date 35-42 days
CPDA 1 - 35 days closed system AS-1 - 42 days closed system Open System - 24 hours
RBC Components continued…
LEUKOCYTE REDUCED RBC’S Removal of leukocytes from RBC
component to <5.0 X 106 per unit1. Leukopoor filtration2. Washing3. Freezing and Deglycerolization
Leucodepletion
Removal of majority of white cells is leucodepleton.
Purpose : To reduce incidence of febrile illness and alloimmunization after transfusion.
PLATELETS CONCERTERATES
They are harvested by cell separators or from individual donor units of blood.
Need of transfusion is in patients with thrombocytopenia , active bleeding or platelet dysfunction .
For prophylaxis the platelet count should be more than 5-10 x109/ l
Platelet transfusion should be avoided in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.
Platelet Components: Random Donor Platelets
Prepared from a Whole Blood (WB) componentStep 1: Soft (light) Spin (2-3 min at 3200 rpm) to keep the platelets in the plasma. Step 2: Hard (heavy) Spin (5 min at 3600 rpm) to aggregate platelets. Express off all but 55- 65 ml of plasma and let platelets rest and resuspend on counter (room temp) for 1-2 hours before aggitation.
Platelet Components
Random Donor Platelet At least 5.5 x 1010 platelets/unit Single Donor Platelet - Apheresis At least 3.0 x 1011 platelets/unit Suspended in 300 ml plasma
Platelet Components
Pooled Platelets Process of pooling Random Donor Platelets
into a central bag. Typically done for adult patients. Need a common “Pool” number on the unit. (Remember we are pooling many donors who each have a unique donor number.)
Pool anywhere from two to twenty units. Expiration changes from 5 days to 4 hours -
Need to be sure the floor is ready to transfuse before pooling.
Plasma Components
Fresh Frozen Plasma Plasma expressed from Whole Blood, needs
to be frozen within 8 hours (6 hrs for ACD) of collection for CPDA-1 anticoagulant.
Frozen at -18oC: Frozen at -65oC: Thawed: 150-250 ml total volume Contains all clotting factors
HUMAN PLASMA PREPARATIONS
Fresh frozen plasma ( FFP) , is mainly used for replacement of coagulation factors ( when specific concentrates are unavailable )
FFP are also given after massive transfusion , DIC , in liver disease .
TRANSFUSION REQUIREMNT IN LEUKEMIC PATIENTS
Review your decision Irradiated Leukodepleted CMV negative Single donor Platelets TO THE CORRECT PATIENT