transaction processing system liew woei song muhammad hofiz achoson
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT IS A TPS?
• an information system designed to process routine business transactions
• seeks time- and cost-efficiency by automating repetitive operations in large volumes
• interfaces with an organization’s other information systems, such as IRS, DSS, EIS
• centers around accounting and finance transactions
• e.g,, airline reservation systems, order entry/processing systems, bank’s account processing systems
examples of transaction processing systems
The components of a transaction processing system, including:1. users of the information system as belonging to the same organization that owns the transaction processing system2. participants as the people who conduct the information processing3. people from the environment becoming participants in real time systems as they directly enter transactions and perform validationExamples of real time transaction processing, including:1. reservation systems; 2. point of sale terminal;3. library loansExamples of batch processing, including:1. clearing of presented cheques; 2. generation of bills;3. systems that appear real time, computerising transactions as they occur, but actual updating is processed in batch, such as credit card transactions.
PERFORMANCEFast performance with a rapid
response time is critical. Transaction processing systems are usually
measured by the number of transactions they can process in a
given period of time.
RELIABILITYThe system must be available
during the time period when the users are entering transactions.
Many organizations rely heavily on their TPS; a breakdown will disrupt
operations or even stop the business.
DATA INTEGRITYThe system must be able to handle
hardware or software problems without corrupting data. Multiple
users must be protected from attempting to change the same
piece of data at the same time, for example two operators cannot sell
the same seat on an airplane.
EASE OF USEOften users of transaction
processing systems are casual users. The system should be simple
for them to understand, protect them from data-entry errors as
much as possible, and allow them to easily correct their errors.
MODULAR GROWTH
The system should be capable of growth at incremental costs, rather
than requiring a complete replacement. It should be possible
to add, replace, or update hardware and software components without
shutting down the system.
REAL-TIME PROCESSING
Transactions may be collected and processed as in batch processing.
Transactions will be collected and later updated as a batch when it's convenient or economical to process them.
Historically, this was the most common method as the information technology did not exist to allow real-time processing.
This is the immediate processing of data.
It provides instant confirmation of a transaction.
It may involve a large number of users who are simultaneously performing transactions which change data.
Because of advances in technology, real-time updating is possible.
BATCH PROCESSING
storing/retrieving in transaction processing systems
Storage of data in relational and flat-file databases in digital form as it has the ability to manipulate, store and retrieve along with process and display with digital technology. Data, is for large companies collected in batched format
Retrieval of stored data to conduct further transaction is usually warehoused.
Sequential, indexed sequential and hashed files generally store the data in databases.
Transaction Processing Systems
storing/retrieving in transaction processing systems
Sequential data storage are data records one after the other in entry or key field order, header stores and field order of each record in a data dictionary with a search completed using either binary or linear.
Indexed sequential data storage are records stored in any order and with a separate index file, keeping matching key field items with the records position. This is faster, but continual updates to index file requires two files which must be maintained.
Hashed file storage will divide the disk space into numbered locations, with key field. At the time that they are divided by the total locations a remainder is provided as storage location.
Transaction Processing Systems
storing/retrieving in transaction processing systems
data warehousing is the collection of data from a range of data sources.
Transaction Processing Systems
Data InputData Input Data ProcessingData Processing Output GenerationOutput Generation
Data StorageData Storage
A Transaction Processing Model
Barcode ScannerPOSTPS
UPC
ProductDB
InventoryDB
InformationReporting System
Customer Receipt
ExceptionReports
UPC Price
UPC &Quantity
Product, Quantity,Date, Time, Price
POS(Point Of Sale) TPSPOS(Point Of Sale) TPS
PurchasingDB
Quantity,Date,Time
TransactionData
DataProcessing
Trans.File
NewMasterFileOld
MasterFile
Documents/Reports
Batch Processing
On-line Processing
On-lineDataProcessing
Documents/Reports
TransactionData
Inquiries/Reponses
TransactionData
TransactionData
TPS APPLICATIONS
• Order Processing
• Purchasing
• Accounts Receivables & Accounts Payables
• Receiving & Shipping
• Inventory on Hand
• Payroll
• General Ledgers
IS 533 - Transactions 22
TRANSACTION STATES AND ADDITIONAL OPERATIONS(CONTINUED)
ACTIVE PARTIALLYCOMMITTED
FAILD TERMINATED
COMMITTED
BEGINTRANSACTION
ENDTRANSACTION COMMIT
ABORTABORT
Figure 19.4 State transition diagram illustrating the states for transaction execution
READ/WRITE
WHY RECOVERY NEED?
• There is various reason leak fail transaction :
Computer failure
Transaction error
Concurrent control enforcement
Physical problem
A hardware, software, or network error occurs in the computer system during transaction execution.
Some operations in the transaction may cause it to fail
The concurrency control method may decide to abort the transaction.
Natural disaster ,theft , fire ,etc