towards sustainable rural livelihoods feb 1 st, mullingar towards sustainable rural livelihoods...
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Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsNational Rural Development Conference
Cathal O’Donoghue, Rural Economy Research Centre
Mullingar,
February 1st 2007.
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Outline of Conference
Diversification On-Farm
Putting Your Land to Work for You
Food Enterprises
Farm Enterprises Changing World Off-farm
Rural and Community
Development
Working and Living in
Rural Ireland Teagasc and Rural Development Community
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Changing World – On-Farm
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Farmers(Caroline Crowley , RERC; NUIM)
Growing importance of the non-farm economy to maintaining farm households
Between 1991-2000 (Census of Agriculture)
Active farms 17% (to 142,000) Sole occupation farmers 24% (79,000) Farmers with another job 37% ( 63,000)
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Sole farmers versus farmers with other jobs(Caroline Crowley , RERC; NUIM)
Derived from: Census of Agriculture 1991 and 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1991 2000
('000
s o
f fa
rmer
s)
Sole
Major/Subsidiary
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Income Growth: Farm vs Employee (Full-time)(Full-time) (Anne Kinsella, RERC)(Anne Kinsella, RERC)
60
10060
20060
30060
40060
50060
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Dairying Cattle Rearing Sheep Tillage Employee
Source: RERC National Farm Survey, CSO
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Farm Incomes (Poor) Farm Incomes (Poor) (Jason Loughrey, RERC)(Jason Loughrey, RERC)
Farming Households poorer than Employee Households
40%+ in bottom 40% of income distribution compared with
<20% of employees in bottom 40% of income distribution
(mainly those on benefits)
Proportion of Farmers and Employees in bottom 40% of household income
Red Poorest
0
20
40
60
80
100
1987 1994 2000 2003 1987 1994 2000 2003
Farmers Employees
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Importance of Subsidies (Liam Connolly and Anne Kinsella, RERC)(Liam Connolly and Anne Kinsella, RERC)
Farm Incomes Very Dependant on Subsidies (94%)
What happens post 2013?
22
,50
0
15
,60
0 21
,10
0
13
,60
0
0
10000
20000
30000
2004 2005
€/F
arm
FFI DPs/Subs
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Farming
Need for diversification and more value added products
Farm Enterprise
Food Enterprise
Recognise asset base Putting Your Land to Work for You
Value of Natural Asset Custodian of countryside
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Changing World – Rural
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
DemographyDemography(David Meredith, RERC)(David Meredith, RERC)
Ratio of Young to Old
Darker more Young
Concentrated in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
EducationEducation(David Meredith, RERC)(David Meredith, RERC)
Proportion of Graduates
Follows a Similar Pattern
Rural Brain Drain!
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
EmploymentEmployment(David Meredith, RERC)(David Meredith, RERC)
% of Persons 15+ at Work
Large Increase in Rural Employment
More than offset decline in Agriculture
However
Concentration in Construction and Retail
Sustainability questioned due to reliance on subsidies and the exceptional construction boom
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
9 811
17 1711
15 1320
8 10
1716 17
39 35 35
20
20
40
60
80
100
DME BMW REST
Other
Education &Health
Financial &Oth BusServicesConstruction
Oth Prod Ind
Agri, Forestry& Fishing
Source: CSOSource: CSO
Employment in Regions by Sector 2005(Mark O’Brien and Thia Hennessy, RERC)(Mark O’Brien and Thia Hennessy, RERC)
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
CommutingCommuting(David Meredith, RERC)(David Meredith, RERC)
Employment Growth accompanied by rising commuting pattern
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Access to Access to ServicesServices
(Karyn Morrissey, RERC)(Karyn Morrissey, RERC) Provision of Public Services in
areas of low population density an issue
Implications of trends in public policy (e.g. increased centralisation)
Access to Hospital Services
Location of Hospital Services
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Changing World - Policy
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Changing EU Policy Changing EU Policy EnvironmentEnvironment
((ÁÁine Macken-Walsh, RERC)ine Macken-Walsh, RERC)
Trend in EU Policies↓ Production and Price Supports
• Single Farm Payment↑ Rural Development Policies
• LEADER (1991), Rural Dev. Regulation (1999) CAP Pillar II↑ Regional Development
• Structural Funds↑ Rural Environment, Animal Welfare & Food Quality
• MacSharry, Agenda 2000
1988Future of
Rural Society
1991 Rural Dev.LEADER
1992MacSharry
Reforms
1997Agenda 2000
CAP 2000
2003Luxembourg Agreement
2013
?
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Rural Communities((ÁÁine Macken-Walsh, RERC)ine Macken-Walsh, RERC)
What are the Sociological determinants in the Policy Shift towards Governance and Rural Development e.g. LEADER:
What are the sociological factors at the local community level that influence the adoption/non-adoption of ‘alternative’ rural enterprises? Very different social groups in rural Ireland - differently positioned to engage with new rural development opportunities depending on: personal data (e.g. education, lifestyle, experience) and environmental data (e.g. location, orientation of assets, local agencies)
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Rural Ireland
Balanced regional development!! Provide employment with comparable incomes
(equivalent to 120%+ of EU average) Public Policy to Support life-style choices (for
example decision to commute) e.g.Child CareTransportLong-Term Care for ElderlyHealth and Education ProvisionInfrastructure
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Teagasc and Rur. Dev. Community
Significant Challenges to Rural IrelandTeagasc Rural Viability ObjectiveOur Programme needs to Reflect RealitiesTeagasc Foresight exerciseNeed to work together
Towards Sustainable Rural LivelihoodsFeb 1st , Mullingar
Thank you! Thank you!
See our website: See our website: www.tnet.teagasc.ie/rerc
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