poultry skills for rural livelihoods
DESCRIPTION
By David Bunn, PhD. This presentation details and discusses the value and the reality of poultry for a food source in rural areas.TRANSCRIPT
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Partners: Heifer Nepal Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
Poultry Skills for Rural Livelihoods
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The Potential of Village Poultry David Bunn, PhD
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Potential of Village Chicken
1. Value of Village Chicken:
Nutrition
Income
Practical
First business
2. Challenges of Village Chicken
3. Improving Village Chicken
4. Strategies for Intervention
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Key Micro-Nutrients & Income
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Critical Nutritional Value
• Provide key micro-nutrients for pregnant and lactating women, and infants and children
• Good source of: Iron, Zinc, vitamins A and B12, selenium and choline.
• Eggs are superb source of protein
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Accessible Nutrition
• Eggs cook easily and quickly, and can be kept without refrigeration for several days-- important attributes in areas without electricity.
• Small size of poultry encourages consumption.
• A chicken can feed an entire family without resulting in leftover meat, which can not be store safely without refrigeration.
• Poultry are a important food source during the dry season.
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Income from Eggs and Chickens
Raising poultry source of income for women – 10-35 % or income in Africa
Woman’s income from eggs and birds used to pay for medicine, clothing, school fees, home repair, and emergencies.
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Laying Hens per Household X Eggs per Hen per Year
Hens/ Eggs Per Year
40 50 60 70
5 Hens 200 250 300 350 10 Hens 400 500 (2.5x) 600 700 15 Hens 600 750 900 (4.5x) 1050 20 Hens 800 1000 1200 1400 (7x)
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Annual Income for Household Producer
#Eggs/Price 150 200 250 300
200 Eggs 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 500 Eggs 75,000 100,000 125,000 150,000 900 Eggs 135,000 180,000 225,000 270,000
1400 Eggs 210,000 280,000 350,000 420,000 (14X)
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Household Poultry is Practical
Accessible to rural poor, land not required.
Village poultry is low risk -requires little investment
They are easy to raise and have a short production cycle compared to cattle, hogs, and goats
Improvements in production can be accomplished in a few months versus a few years for large livestock.
Women & children, elderly, disabled or the ill can care for poultry.
Free-range poultry control pests by eating snails and insects, and
Manure is good fertilizer for vegetable gardens.
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First Business --Farmer - Entrepreneur
1. Attended classes 2. Copied school demo
3. Invested $1300 4. Has 130-190 birds 5. Sells 50-60 eggs per week 6. Payback 2- years 7. Egg sales supported
starting a new Sim Card business
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Challenges of Village Chicken
Attitude – low priority of farmers and farm advisors
Preventing disease – it is difficult to implement biosecurity for free-ranging flocks in a village setting, and it is difficult to get access to Newcastle vaccine.
Free-ranging -- local poultry are often free-ranging, which makes them susceptible to predators, theft, and diseases.
Lack of poultry housing – difficult to manage eggs, prevent predation and theft.
Securing affordable feed for supplemental feeding – it may be difficult to find an affordable local feed.
Improving Chick Survival – lack of chicks is a limiting factor for household producers.
Market difficulties – can be difficult to get the best price for eggs and chickens without information about market options.
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Package of Interventions for Improving Chicken & Egg Production
Attitudes – changing
Newcastle Vaccination----- good vaccines available
Chick survival – better chick management & vaccine
Night shelters for household flock – affordable local designs
Supplemental feeding – local crop wastes and harvest of termites etc.
Train CAHW and local veterinary suppliers
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Intervention Strategies:
• Train local veterinary suppliers.
• Work with women farmers’ groups.
• Train CAHW and extension staff
• Work through local schools
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Poultry Skills for Improving Rural Livelihoods Extension-Education Strategies
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A School-Hub Community Approach
1. Train teachers– livelihood skills lessons
2. 5th and 6th classes taught – learning science with home applications
3. Hands-on school lessons
4. Trainings for parents
5. Connecting veterinary extension with schools
6. Students collect data
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Extension-Education A School-Hub Community Approach
1. Train teachers– livelihood skills lessons
2. 5th and 6th classes taught – learning science with home applications
3. Hands-on school lessons
4. Trainings for parents
5. Connecting veterinary extension with schools
6. Students collect data
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Chicken & Eggs -- Low Hanging Fruit of Rural Development