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IGCSE and GCSE Tourism IGCSE and GCSE Tourism Specification: 3.3 Leisure activities and tourism Candidates should be able to: • Describe and explain the growth of leisure facilities and tourism in relation to the main attractions of the physical and human landscape in an area or areas selected for study. • Demonstrate an understanding that the effects of a growth in tourism are generally positive and that careful management is needed if problems are to be avoided. Reference could be made to advantages accruing from tourism such as growth in income, an increase in foreign exchange, employment opportunities, the development of infrastructure and facilities which may be used by the local population, the encouragement of other developments to take place in an area, cultural advantages, etc. Disadvantages might include seasonal unemployment, underuse of facilities at certain times of the year, increased congestion, pollution, a shortage of services e.g. water supplies, social/cultural problems, damage to the physical landscape, etc. A selected sample study should be used to illustrate both the benefits and disadvantages associated with the growth of tourism. Leisure: Any freely chosen activity that takes place in nonwork time (IB definition). Tourism: The business or industry of providing information, accommodations, transportation, and other services to tourists. Domestic Tourist: Someone who goes on holiday in the country that they are resident in (live in). International Tourist: Someone who goes on holiday to a country they are not resident in e.g. they live in El Salvador but go to the US for holiday. Resort: A type of large hotel that offers extra facilities like swimming pools, spas, restaurants, bars, activities, etc. Package Holiday: This is when all aspects of a holiday e.g. flights, hotel, transfers, etc. are included in one overall price. Allinclusive: A hotel or resort that includes everything e.g. food, activities and drink in one overall price. Lowcost or Budget Airline: Airlines that provide cheap flights by removing all addons as standard and charging people if they want then. For example if you want to check in at the airport or check a bag into the hold, reserve a seat or even eat food on the flight, you have to pay extra. Growth of Tourism Tourism is a rapidly growing industry and is considered by many countries to be an important development strategy. Currently the majority of international tourists go to MEDCs, but many LEDCs are also seeing rapid growth in tourism. I will mention the growth in LEDC destinations a little later. external image 20071016_164233.gif Reasons for Growth in Tourism Leisure Time: Most workers now enjoy a two day weekend and in addition are entitled to several weeks holiday. This holiday time can be spent going on holiday. Paid Holiday: Not only do an increasing amount of workers receive holiday, they are also paid for it. This means that people do not lose their weekly income by going on holiday. UK workers get least paid leave BBC article Income: More and more people are working in the secondary and tertiary sectors, where pay is generally higher. Also many more females are now working. This means that more people now have money to spend on holidays (higher disposable income). Transport: Air travel has become relatively cheaper and there are now more airports open for holiday flights. In addition road and rail networks have opened up new tourist destinations. Airbus and AirAsia announce record deal for 200 planes BBC article Advertising: People are now bombarded by holiday adverts on the internet, television, radio, mobile phones, billboards, etc. This makes people more aware of holiday destinations and possibly more tempted to book them. Travel Programs: There are a huge amount of travel programs on television so people are able to view destinations that they have not heard of, tempting them to go. Tourist facilities: Tourist facilities have generally improved and increased in number. There are now many more hotels of all sizes and most have fairly standard services. Freedom: More people, especially women and the elderly are free to travel and go on holidays. In addition formerly closed countries like China now allow most of their citizens to travel. Range of holidays: There is now a much greater variety of holidays that can attract potential tourists e.g. golf holidays, diving holidays, walking holidays, cooking holidays. Ease of Booking: The internet has now made booking holidays much more straightforward. Also package holidays allow people to pay one price but have all aspects of

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  • 4/24/2015 GreenfieldgeographyIGCSEandGCSETourism

    http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism?f=print 1/5

    IGCSEandGCSETourismIGCSEandGCSETourism

    Specification:

    3.3LeisureactivitiesandtourismCandidatesshouldbeableto:Describeandexplainthegrowthofleisurefacilitiesandtourisminrelationtothemainattractionsofthephysicalandhumanlandscapeinanareaorareasselectedforstudy.Demonstrateanunderstandingthattheeffectsofagrowthintourismaregenerallypositiveandthatcarefulmanagementisneededifproblemsaretobeavoided.Referencecouldbemadetoadvantagesaccruingfromtourismsuchasgrowthinincome,anincreaseinforeignexchange,employmentopportunities,thedevelopmentofinfrastructureandfacilitieswhichmaybeusedbythelocalpopulation,theencouragementofotherdevelopmentstotakeplaceinanarea,culturaladvantages,etc.Disadvantagesmightincludeseasonalunemployment,underuseoffacilitiesatcertaintimesoftheyear,increasedcongestion,pollution,ashortageofservicese.g.watersupplies,social/culturalproblems,damagetothephysicallandscape,etc.Aselectedsamplestudyshouldbeusedtoillustrateboththebenefitsanddisadvantagesassociatedwiththegrowthoftourism.

    Leisure:Anyfreelychosenactivitythattakesplaceinnonworktime(IBdefinition).

    Tourism:Thebusinessorindustryofprovidinginformation,accommodations,transportation,andotherservicestotourists.

    DomesticTourist:Someonewhogoesonholidayinthecountrythattheyareresidentin(livein).

    InternationalTourist:Someonewhogoesonholidaytoacountrytheyarenotresidentine.g.theyliveinElSalvadorbutgototheUSforholiday.

    Resort:Atypeoflargehotelthatoffersextrafacilitieslikeswimmingpools,spas,restaurants,bars,activities,etc.

    PackageHoliday:Thisiswhenallaspectsofaholidaye.g.flights,hotel,transfers,etc.areincludedinoneoverallprice.

    Allinclusive:Ahotelorresortthatincludeseverythinge.g.food,activitiesanddrinkinoneoverallprice.

    LowcostorBudgetAirline:Airlinesthatprovidecheapflightsbyremovingalladdonsasstandardandchargingpeopleiftheywantthen.Forexampleifyouwanttocheckinattheairportorcheckabagintothehold,reserveaseatoreveneatfoodontheflight,youhavetopayextra.

    GrowthofTourism

    Tourismisarapidlygrowingindustryandisconsideredbymanycountriestobeanimportantdevelopmentstrategy.CurrentlythemajorityofinternationaltouristsgotoMEDCs,butmanyLEDCsarealsoseeingrapidgrowthintourism.IwillmentionthegrowthinLEDCdestinationsalittlelater.

    externalimage20071016_164233.gif

    ReasonsforGrowthinTourism

    LeisureTime:Mostworkersnowenjoyatwodayweekendandinadditionareentitledtoseveralweeksholiday.Thisholidaytimecanbespentgoingonholiday.PaidHoliday:Notonlydoanincreasingamountofworkersreceiveholiday,theyarealsopaidforit.Thismeansthatpeopledonotlosetheirweeklyincomebygoingonholiday.UKworkersgetleastpaidleaveBBCarticleIncome:Moreandmorepeopleareworkinginthesecondaryandtertiarysectors,wherepayisgenerallyhigher.Alsomanymorefemalesarenowworking.Thismeansthatmorepeoplenowhavemoneytospendonholidays(higherdisposableincome).Transport:Airtravelhasbecomerelativelycheaperandtherearenowmoreairportsopenforholidayflights.Inadditionroadandrailnetworkshaveopenedupnewtouristdestinations.AirbusandAirAsiaannouncerecorddealfor200planesBBCarticleAdvertising:Peoplearenowbombardedbyholidayadvertsontheinternet,television,radio,mobilephones,billboards,etc.Thismakespeoplemoreawareofholidaydestinationsandpossiblymoretemptedtobookthem.TravelPrograms:Thereareahugeamountoftravelprogramsontelevisionsopeopleareabletoviewdestinationsthattheyhavenotheardof,temptingthemtogo.Touristfacilities:Touristfacilitieshavegenerallyimprovedandincreasedinnumber.Therearenowmanymorehotelsofallsizesandmosthavefairlystandardservices.Freedom:Morepeople,especiallywomenandtheelderlyarefreetotravelandgoonholidays.InadditionformerlyclosedcountrieslikeChinanowallowmostoftheircitizenstotravel.Rangeofholidays:Thereisnowamuchgreatervarietyofholidaysthatcanattractpotentialtouristse.g.golfholidays,divingholidays,walkingholidays,cookingholidays.EaseofBooking:Theinternethasnowmadebookingholidaysmuchmorestraightforward.Alsopackageholidaysallowpeopletopayonepricebuthaveallaspectsof

  • 4/24/2015 GreenfieldgeographyIGCSEandGCSETourism

    http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism?f=print 2/5

    theirholidaypaidfore.g.flights,hotels,etc.CreditCards:Moreandmorepeoplenowowncreditcardswhichmakesbookingholidaysandpayingforthingsinaforeigncountrymucheasier.PassportOwnershipandVisaRegulations:Morepeoplenowownpassportssoareabletotravelandtheprocessofobtainingvisasisnowmuchmorestraightforward.RetirementandLifeExpectancy:Peoplearenowlivinglongerandremainhealthierlonger.Anincreasingamountofpeoplealsoretirewithapension.Thismeansthatmorepeoplearefitenoughandhealthierenoughtogoonholiday.

    ReasonsforGrowthinLEDCs

    NewDestinations:Peoplearegettingincreasinglyboredoftraditionallocationsandwanttoexperiencenewandexoticdestinations.ExchangeRates:LEDCsoftenhaveweakercurrenciesmakinggoingonholidaytothemalotcheaper.Advertising/EaseofBooking:LEDCsnowadvertisethemselvesmuchbetteranditiseasiertobookthesedestinationsonline.Transport:Manycountrieshaveupgradedtheirtransportinfrastructuremakingtraveltothemeasier.Security:ManyLEDCsarenowmuchmorestablewithlesssecurityworriessomorepeoplearepreparedtogoonholidaytothem.

    Althoughthegraphaboveshowsthatinternationaltourismisgenerallyincreasing(withmaybetheexceptionof2007)regionscansuffertemporaryorevenpermanentdeclines.Aregionmayexperienceadeclinebecauseof:

    Terrorisme.g.BalibombingorMumbaiterrorattacksCrimee.g.MexicoorevenElSalvadorNaturaldisasterse.g.tsunamiinIndianOceanorhurricanesintheCaribbeanEconomicdownturne.g.recessionsanddebtcrisisinEuropeWare.g.Afghanistan

    Alsosomedestinationsmaybecomerundownorpeoplesimplygetboredofgoingtothesamelocation.

    ThetableaboveshowsthatFranceisthenumberonedestinationforinternationaltourists.Franceispopularbecause:

    ItissurroundedbyMEDCse.g.Germany,Belgium,UK,ItalyandSpainIthasanexcellenttransportnetworkIthasdevelopedtouristsfacilitiese.g.hotelsandtouragenciesIthasmanyhistoricalattractionse.g.EiffelTowerandCarcassonneItisfamousforitsfoodandwineIthasgoodweatherinthesouthnearlyallyearItattractsmanydifferentholidaymakerse.g.skiers,beachlovers,surfersandrafters.

    Chinaiscurrentlyonly8thonthelist,butitprobablyalreadyhasthemostdomestictouristsandinthefuturewillprobablyattractmanymoreinternationaltourists.

    Althoughtourismisseenasadevelopmentstrategybymanycountries,itdoesnotsolelycreateadvantages,butcanalsocreatesomedisadvantages:

    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

    SOCIAL/CULTURAL Localpeoplecanperformtraditionaldanceandmusictotouriststhereforeprotectingtheirlocalculture.Touristsmaypaytovisitmuseumsprotectinglocalartifacts.Historicalruinsmaybeprotectedorrebuilttoattracttourists.Mayimprovecountriesreputationandcreatecrossculturallinks.Encourageseducationinordertoworkintouristsectorandshouldimprovelinguisticskills

    Anincreaseintouristsmaycausegreatercongestion,leadingtolongerperiodsspentawayfromfamilies.Alsoincreasedtransportmayincreaseproblemsofasthmaandtrafficaccidents.Tourismcanincreasecertaincrimes,likeprostitutionandtheftPeoplemaybecomemorematerialisticandhomogenisedwiththearrivalofinternationaltourists.Maycreateracialtensionsbetweentouristsandlocals

    ECONOMIC Jobsarecreatedforlocalworkersinhotels,restaurants,etc.Secondaryjobsarealsocreatedinshops,maintenancefirms,etc.Workersandcompaniespaytaxestothegovernment.Thismoneycanthenbeinvested.Peoplelearnnewskillsthatcanthenbetransferredtootherpartsoftheeconomy.Newequipmentortechnologymaybeintroducedtothecountrywhichagaincanbeusedinothersectorsoftheeconomy.Localinfrastructurelikeroadsandelectricitymaybeimproved.

    Manyofmanagerialjobsgotooverseasworkers.LocalworkersoftengetlowpaidjobsThereiseconomicleakage(lossofmoneyoverseas)becausemanyofthetouristcompaniesareTNCsandtheprofitissentelsewhereManyjobsareonlyseasonalsoworkersareonlypaidhalfoftheyeare.g.theskiseasonislessthan6monthslong.TheincreaseddemandforproductsandservicesmaycauseinflationCountriesorregionsmaybecomedependentonjustoneindustry.Mayplacepressureoninfrastructuree.g.electricityandwatersupply

    ENVIRONMENTAL NationalParksmaybecreatedprotectingareasofnaturalbeautyAnimalsobtainaneconomicvalueifpeoplearewillingtopaytoseethem.Ifthevalueoftheanimalisgreateralivethandeadpeoplewillprotectthem.OnegoodexampleofthisisMountainGorillaswhichtouristswillpay$500tosee.

    Sometimestouristdevelopmentsmaycausethedestructionofforests,sanddunes,etc.Noiseandlightpollutioncreatedbytouristdevelopmentsmayalsointerferewithanimals.

    Butler'sProductCycle

    TheButler'smodelattemptstoshowthecyclethatallproductsgothroughfromthembeinglaunchedtothemflourishingorbeingdiscontinued.PeoplehaveappliedtheButler'smodeltotouristdestinations.Themodelsshowsthatproductsordestinationsgothroughsixstages.Thesixstagesare:

    Exploration:Anewlydiscoveredtouristlocationthatonlyreceivesaverysmallamountoftourists.Involvement:Anareathatbecomesbetterknown.Tourismissupportedbythelocalpopulationandtheystarttobuildbasictouristinfrastructure.Development:Tourismbecomesanimportantsectoroftheeconomy.Thereismore

  • 4/24/2015 GreenfieldgeographyIGCSEandGCSETourism

    http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism?f=print 3/5

    investmentfromforeigntourfirms.Infrastructurebecomesdeveloped.Consolidation:Growthcontinueswithresourcesdivertedtothetourismsector.Areasmaychangetotheexclusiveuseoftourists,possiblyalienatinglocals.Stagnation:Thereisincreasedoppositiontotourism,touristfacilitiesmaybecometiredandthenumberoftouristarrivalplateausorevendeclines.Rejuvenation:Atouristdestinationrebrandsitselforimprovestouristfacilities,offerspromotionsorimprovestransportation.Decline:Noimprovementsaremadetothetouristdestinationandthenumberoftouristscontinuestodeclines.

    ThedocumentbelowshowshowtheSpanishresortregionofCostadelSolhasmoreorlessfollowedButler'sproductcycle.

    CostadeSolButler'sModel.docxDetails Download 14KB

    PrimaryTouristResource:Preexistingattractionsthatwerenotspecificallybuiltforthetourismindustrye.g.churches,beaches,mountains,museums.

    SecondaryTouristResource:Facilitiesthatarebuiltspecificallyforthetouristindustrye.g.hotels,restaurants,museums.

    HumanAttraction:Anattractionthathasbeenbuiltormadebyhumanse.g.castles,churches,museums.

    PhysicalAttraction:Naturalattractionse.g.rivers,mountains,beachesoreventheweather.

    ElSalvadorCaseStudy

    ElSalvadoristhesmallestcountryinCentralAmerica.ItscapitalcityisSanSalvador.Ithasapopulationofjustover6millionandaGDPpercapitaofabout$7,500.ElSalvadorhasalongpacificcoast,idealforsurfing.InlandthereisachainofactivevolcanoesfollowedbymountainousareasalongtheHonduranborder.

    ElSalvador'stourismindustryhasgrowndynamicallyoverrecentyearsastheSalvadorangovernmentfocusesondevelopingthissector.Lastyeartourismaccountedfor4.6%ofGDPonly10yearsago,itaccountedfor0.4%.Inthissameyeartourismgrew4.5%worldwide.Comparatively,ElSalvadorsawanincreaseof8.97%,from1.15millionto1.27milliontourists.Thishasledtorevenuefromtourismgrowing35.9%from$634millionto$862million.Asareferencepoint,in1996tourismrevenuewas$44.2million.Also,therehasbeenanevengreaterincreaseinthenumberofexcursionists(visitsthatdonotincludeanovernightstay).222,000excursionistsvisitedElSalvadorin2006,a24%increaseoverthepreviousyear.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador)

    HUMANATTRACTIONS PHYSICALATTRACTIONS

    TheOrangeRouteSanSalvadorCathedralSuchitotoandAtaco(colonialtowns)TheFlowerRouteMayanattractionse.g.Tuzamal,CasaBlancaLaPalmaPerquinandElMozote(warmemorials)JoyadeCeren(thePompeiiofCentralAmerica)

    LagodeIlopangoLagodeCoatepequeElImpossibleNationalParkVolcanoes(SantaAna,SanMiguel,Izalco,SanVicente,etc.)PacificcoastElPitalmountainMontecristoForest

    ADVANTAGESOFTOURISM DISADVANTAGESOFTOURISM

    Createjobsdirectlyandindirectlye.g.DecameronresortImprovestheimageandreputationofthecountry(importantafterthecivilwar)TouristcompaniesandlocalpaytaxestothegovernmentAttractsforeigninvestmente.g.IntercontinentalandHiltonhotelsImprovedroadsignageImprovedlanguageskills,especiallyEnglishcateringforUStouristsDiversificationoftheeconomyIncreasedprotectionofnationalparksandbiodiversity

    Crimetheftoftourists,butalsoextortionoftouristcompanies.IncreasedcongestiononroadsInflationintouristareasPrivatisationofsomebeachesAirandnoisepollutionfromincreasedamountofflightsandtouristresortsMoneydivertedintotourismfromotherservices.

  • 4/24/2015 GreenfieldgeographyIGCSEandGCSETourism

    http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism?f=print 4/5

    NationalPark:Anareaoflandandwaterthatisprotectedbylaw.Areasarenormallymadenationalparksbecauseoftheirnaturalbeautyand/orbiodiversity.

    Honeypot:Alocationthatattractsalargeamountoftourists.

    Secondhomes:Ahousethatisnotaperson'smainresidence.Aperson'ssecondhomeisnormallytheirholidayhome.

    Ruraldepopulation:Themovementofpeopleoutofthecountryside.

    Servicedecline:Thereductionintheamountofservicesprovidede.g.closureofbusroutes,postoffices,etc.

    ThePeakDistrictNationalPark

    ThePeakDistrictNationalParkisanuplandarealocatedinCentralEngland.ItbecametheUK'sfirstNationalParkin1951.ThePeakDistrictcoversanareaof1,440km2.ThePeakDistrictistheworld'ssecondmostvisitedNationalParkafterMountFujiNationalParkinJapan.ThePeakDistrictisvisitedsomuchbecauseitissurroundedbymanylargeurbanpopulationse.g.Sheffield,Derby,Stoke,ManchesterandNottingham.

    ThePeakDistricthasnumeroushumanandphysicalattractions.Attractionsinclude:

    HumanAttractions

    ChatsworthHosePeverilCastleCastleton(beautifulruralvillage)Bakewell(beautifulruralvillageandhomeofalocaldelicacyBakewelltart)Reservoirs(includingLadybower)

    PhysicalAttractions

    Naturalmoorlandenvironment,includingtheparkshighestpeak(Kinderscout)Limestonefeaturee.g.DovedaleValleyRiverse.gDoveCavenetworkse.g.BlueJohnCavern(somenetworkshavebeenenlargedbymining)TheRoaches(limestoneclifffacethatattractsclimbers)NaturalspringsatBuxton

    ProblemscausedbyTourisminPeakDistrict BenefitsofTourisminPeakDistrict

    ThePeakDistrict'sroadsaresmallandhavebecomeheavilycongested.SometouristsdroplitteringwhichisunsightlyandcanharmanimalsManytouristsdonotstayonthefootpathscausingerosioneithersideofthepathanddamagingcropsSometouristsleavefarmgatesopenallowinganimalstoescape.AlotoftheemploymentisonlyseasonalManytouristshavepurchasedsecondhomes.Thismeansmanyhousesarevacantforlongperiodsleadingtoruraldepopulationandservicedecline.Touristscreateair,noiseandwaterpollutionThelargedemandfromtouristshascausedlocalinflation(increaseinprices)

    Jobcreation(itisestimatedtourismcreates14,200jobsinthePeakDistrictIncome(itisestimatedtourismgeneratesover$600millioninincome)Improvedinfrastructure(roads,electricity)Improvedfacilitiese.g.restaurants,golfcourses,etc.Protectionofhistoricallandmarkse.g.PeverilCastleProtectionofnaturalbeautyImprovedreputationandimage

    Becausetourismbringadvantagesanddisadvantages,manypeopledisagreeoverhowthelandshouldbeused.Youcanlookatthesedisagreementsbycompletingaconflictmatrix.Ifyouthinkagroupwillagreeonhowtousethelandyoucanputatick,ifyouthinkthattheywilldisagreeyoucanputacross.

    NationalParkConflictMatrix.docxDetails Download 15KB

    AnumberofsolutionshavebeensuggestedinthePeakDistricttotryandreducetheimpactsoftourism.Thesuggestedsolutionsinclude:

  • 4/24/2015 GreenfieldgeographyIGCSEandGCSETourism

    http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Tourism?f=print 5/5

    Contributionstohttp://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/arelicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttributionNonCommercial3.0License.PortionsnotcontributedbyvisitorsareCopyright2015TangientLLC

    Achargetobeplacedonpeopleenteringthenationalpark(entrancefee)Aquotaonthenumberofpeoplevisitingthenationalparke.g.10,000aday.ImprovedfootpathsandimprovedfootpathsignsIncreasedfinesforpeoplelitteringandmorebins.Improvedpublictransport,especiallyparkandridessopeopleleavetheircarsoutsidethenationalparkAredistributionoftourists.Advertisedifferentsiteswithintheparkbettersopeoplearespreadoutmoreevenly.

    However,alotofthesesolutionsarehardtoimplementbecausethePeakDistrictNationalParkisaworkingpark.Thismeanspeopleliveandworkwithintheparksoanyrestrictionsonmovementorchargeswillbedifficulttoenforce.

    Sustainabletourism:Touristactivitiesthataresocially,environmentallyandeconomicallysustainable.

    Ecotourism:Holidaysthatinvolveecorelatedactivitiesandaresustainablee.g.hiking,birdwatching,horseriding,etc.

    EcologicalFootprint:Thisisameasureofyourdemandontheearth'sresources.

    GlobalFootprintNetwork

    TambopataEcolodge

    TheTambopataNationalReserve(TNR)andtheBahuajaSoneneNationalParkjointocreateanareaofsubtropicalrainforestcovering3,000,000acres.TheoriginalTambopataCandamoReservedZone(TCRZ)wascreatedbyaministerialresolutionin1990.BothreservesarelocatedintheAmazonrainforestinsoutheastPeru.

    Foundedbackin1991,theTambopataEcoLodgeisoneofthemostestablishedecotourismlodgesonthebanksoftheTambopataRiver.Withacapacityofonly59,itisoneofthesmallestlodgesinthereserve.

    Thelodgeemploysabout20localPeruvians.Allbuildingsaremadefromlocalmaterials,woodandthatch.Thereisnomainselectricity,allroomsarelitbycandlelight.However,somebuildingsarenowpoweredbysolarenergy.LocalPeruvianfoodisservedinthediningroomusinglocalproducts.

    Alltransportationisbyboatandthelocalguidesaimtoeducateallguestsabouttheimportanceofprotectingthelocalfloraandfauna.

    TambopataEcolodge

    externalimageMap.jpg

    TypicalEcotourismActivities HowEcotouristResortsCanBeEcofriendly

    HikingKayakingBirdwatchingSafari(animalwatching)CyclingBeachcleaningTreeplantingCompletingbirdandanimalsurveys

    Userenewableenergysourcese.g.windandsolarBuildusingonlylocalproductsServeonlylocalfood,usinglocallysourcedproductsEmployonlylocalstaffRecycleallwasteTreatandcleanallwaterEducateguestsabouttheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentPromotelocalculture

    Despitetheaimsofecotourismcaringfortheenvironmentandthelocalcultureandenvironment,itstillhasitscritics.Criticsarguethatmosttouristsstilltravellongdistancestoreachecotouristdestinations,thusreleasinglargeamountsofgreenhousegaseswhentheyfly.Criticsalsoarguethatthebuildingofanylodgeswillcausethedestructionofthenaturalhabitatanddisturblocalfloraandfauna.Alsoguests,howevercarefulwillcreatewastethatneedstobedisposedof.

    Tourismticksheet.docDetails Download 978KB

    Tourismdefintions.docDetails Download 985KB


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