topic two - tq pioneers new

8/3/2019 Topic Two - TQ Pioneers New

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TOPIC 2TOTAL QUALITY

PIONEERS


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Leaders in the Quality Revolution /

Quality Gurus

1. Edward W. Deming

2. Joseph Juran

3. Philip B. Crosby

4. A. V. Feigenbaum

5. Kaoru Ishikawa6. Genichi Taguchi


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W. Edwards Deming


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The Deming philosophy focuses oncontinual improvements in product andservice quality by reducing uncertainty andvariability in design, manufacturing, and

service processes, driven by the leadership

of top management.

Quality management and improvement areresponsibility of all the firms employees.


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Improve quality

Costs decrease

Productivity improves

Increase market share with better qualityand lower prices

Stay in business

Provide jobs and more jobs

Deming Chain Reaction


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Demings System of Profound

Knowledge Appreciation for a system

Understanding variation

Theory of knowledge

Psychology


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Systems

Most organizational processes arecross-functional

Parts of a system must work together

Every system must have a purpose

Management must optimize the system

as a whole


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Variation

Many sources of uncontrollable variationexist in any process

Excessive variation results in productfailures, unhappy customers, andunnecessary costs

Statistical methods can be used to identifyand quantify variation to help understand itand lead to improvements


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Theory of Knowledge

Knowledge is not possible without theory

Experience alone does not establish a

theory, it only describes Theory shows cause-and-effect

relationships that can be used for

prediction


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Psychology

People are motivated intrinsically andextrinsically; intrinsic motivation is themost powerful

Fear is de-motivating

Managers should develop pride and joy inwork


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Demings 14 Points

1. Create and publish a company mission statementand commit to it.

2. Learn the new philosophy.

3. Understand the purpose of inspection.4. End business practices driven by price alone.

5. Constantly improve system of production andservice.

6. Institute training.

7. Teach and institute leadership.

8. Drive out fear and create trust.


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9. Optimize team and individual efforts.

10. Eliminate exhortations for work force.

11. Eliminate numerical quotas and M.B.O.- Focus on improvement.

12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride ofworkmanship.

13. Encourage education and self-improvement.

14. Take action to accomplish the transformation.

Demings 14 Points (Cont)


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Lack of constancy of purpose.

Emphasis on short-term profits.

Evaluation of performance, merit rating orannual review.

Mobility of management (job hopping).

Use of only visible figures.

Demings Deadly Diseases


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Joseph M. Juran


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Juran proposed a simple definition of quality:fitness for use.

Fitness for use --- 5 major dimensions; quality ofdesign, quality of conformance, availability, safetyand field use.

Quality should be viewed from both external andinternal perspectives

Quality is related to:- product performance that results in customer

satisfaction- freedom from product deficiencies, which

avoids customer dissatisfaction.


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Jurans Quality Trilogy

Quality planning

- A process that identifies the customers, their

requirements, the products and services withthe correct attributes and then facilitates thetransfer of this knowledge to the producingarm of the organization.

www.juran.com
http://www.juran.com/main.html


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Jurans Quality Trilogy (Cont)

www.juran.com

Quality control

- The activity of meeting quality goals duringoperations.

Quality improvement

- A process in which the sustaining mechanism isput in place so that the quality can be achieved in

a continuous basis.
http://www.juran.com/main.html


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Philip B. Crosby


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Quality is free . . .

Quality is free. Its not a gift, but it is free.What costs money are the unquality things ---all the actions that involve not doing jobs right

the first time.


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Absolutes of Quality Management:

- Quality means conformance torequirements

- Problems are functional in nature

- There is no optimum level of defects

- Cost of quality is the only usefulmeasurement

- Zero defects is the only performancestandard


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Quality Vaccine / Basic Elements ofImprovement:

- The ingredients of vaccine --- integrity,policies, system, communications andoperations.

Strategy to administer the vaccine continually:

- Determination- Education

- Implementation


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A.V. Feigenbaum


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Three Steps to Quality:

- Quality Leadership, with a strong focus onplanning.

- Modern Quality Technology, involving the

entire work force.- Organizational Commitment, supported by

continuous training and motivation.

Hidden factory --- the part of plant capacitywasted due to quality.


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Kaoru Ishikawa

Instrumental in developing Japanese qualitystrategy

Influenced participative approaches involving

all workers Advocated the use of simple visual tools and

statistical techniques


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Cause and Effect Diagram

A simple graphical method for presenting a chain ofcauses and effects and for sorting out causes andorganizing relationships between variables.

Enables a team to focus on the content of aproblem, not on the history of the problem ordiffering personal interests of team members

Creates a snapshot of collective knowledge andconsensus of a team; builds support for solutions

Focuses the team on causes, not symptoms


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EffectCause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Environment

Main Cause Main Cause

Main CauseMain Cause

Cause and Effect Diagram (Cont)


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Genichi Taguchi

Pioneered a new perspective on quality based

on the economic value of being on target andreducing variation and dispelling the traditionalview of conformance to specifications:

No Loss LossLoss

Tolerance

0.500 0.5200.480


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Loss Function- Quality of a product is the loss imparted to

society from the time the product is shipped ---losses cover consumers dissatisfaction,

warranty costs, loss of reputation and loss ofmarket share

Off-line Quality Control

- Optimizing production process and productparameters to minimize item-to-item variationsin the product and its performance --- productdesign

Two Related Areas in Quality:


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Three Stages of Quality Designing

System design --- basic configuration of the system isdeveloped.

Parameter design --- standards are being determinedby conforming the factors (i.e. the product andprocess parameters) optimum level of acceptanceagainst disturbance.

Tolerance design --- use if the system is unsatisfactory-- improving performance by tightening the tolerance.


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HOMEWORK

Find additional info on :

Crosbys 14-step to quality improvement Key elements of Ishikawas philosophy

Feigenbaums 10 benchmarks for Total

Quality success. The Juran method.


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topic two - tq pioneers new

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