toolboc clinic book - north carolina bandmasters ... to use this toolbox 3 snare drum set-up &...
TRANSCRIPT
Welcome Everyone!
This clinic guide provides excerpts from Row-Loff's Toolbox Curriculum; The Snare Drummer's
Toolbox (SDT) & The Mallet Player's Toolbox (MPT). The solos & duets within these two texts
are integrated and share the same title. It is important to know when performing the solos/duets
from both books that you'll need to use the accompanying disk's Play-Along Trax from MPT. We
suggest teaching a lesson from SDT followed by the same numbered lesson in MPT. As you may
surmise, teaching the techniques of snare & mallets together is a somewhat daunting task but we
feel that the 2 texts progress comfortably for the student.
SDT is complimented with a DVD that contains approx. 3 hours of video instruction! Including
video for each lesson, a thorough percussion tutorial by Dr. Julie Hill covering the 9 Toolbox per-
cussion instruments presented as well as instruction from Scott Brown on how to use the book in
a classroom format. The disk also contains a PDF of additional exercises as well as Play-Along
Trax, Groove Trax and Stick Click Metronome Trax.
MPT includes an enhanced CD that comes with Play-Along Trax, Groove Trax, a student PDF as
well as a director's PDF that contains the solos/duets in score form containing both snare and
mallet parts. MPT also contains an 8-page Timpani tutorial. (Both texts interior are 2-color
throughout.)
Thank you for joining us today and feel free to ask any questions you may have.
(All hecklers will be subject to full extent of local law enforcement.)
How
To U
se This T
oolbox.
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3
Snare Drum
Set-Up &
Maintenance
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.4
Snare Drum
Tuning
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5
Lesson 1 - L
et’s Get Started
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6
Lesson 2 - Q
uarters, Halves and W
holes (Notes &
Rests . . . that is)
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.13
Lesson 3 - E
ighth Notes &
Eighth R
ests.
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.18
Lesson 4 - A
ccents & D
ynamics
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.25
Lesson 5 - Sixteenth N
otes & Sixteenth R
ests.
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.31
Lesson 6 - B
asic Rolls
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38
Lesson 7 - Paradiddles (Single &
Double)&
Cut T
ime
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.47
Lesson 8 - Flam
s, Drags &
Road M
aps.
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54
Lesson 9 - T
riplets & T
riple Meter
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61
Lesson 10 - N
ailin’ It Dow
n.
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.70
Accessory Percussion
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.78
Index.
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.80
- 2-
Table of C
ontents
About T
he Authors
Chris C
rockarell & C
hris Brooks, know
n to most as “C
rock & B
rooks”, have spent alifetim
e in the world of drum
s and percussion. They both attended M
cGavock H
ighSchool in N
ashville, TN
, which for over 30 years has had one of the prem
iere bandprogram
s in the country, and after graduation went their separate w
ays to pursuecareers as professional drum
mers. O
ver the next 20 years they played stage shows,
marched drum
corps, toured with artists, w
orked as recording drumm
ers, giggingdrum
mers and on occasion w
orked a few drum
lines. In 1990, based on the popularityof drum
lines, they started Row
-Loff Productions. R
ow-L
off was im
mediately
recognized as a ground breaking publisher of percussion literature. Over the past 20
years, Row
-Loff Productions has becom
e a premiere publisher of percussion literature
with a diverse library of concert percussion ensem
bles, drum line features, novelty
literature, solo/method books and D
VD
s. This book is a culm
ination of their lifeexperiences as drum
mers, teachers, w
riters, publishers and percussion aficionados.“C
rock & B
rooks”- 80
-
Index
A T
empo
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.66
Accelerando
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Accents
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25
Accessory Percussion
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78, 79
Coda
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.57
Crescendo
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.28
Cut T
ime
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.49
Da C
apo (D.C
.).
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.57
Dal Segno (D
.S.).
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57
D.C
. al Fine.
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.57
D.S. al C
oda..
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57
Decrescendo.
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.28
Dim
inuendo.
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Dotted E
ighth Notes.
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.34
Dotted H
alf Notes.
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21
Dotted Q
uarter Notes
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.21
Double Paradiddle.
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48
Drag
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55
Dynam
ics.
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28
Eighth N
otes & R
ests..
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.18
Fermata
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66
Fine.
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.57
Flam.
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.54
Flam A
ccent..
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66
Flam T
ap.
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56
Grooves For T
hought.
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.10,28,39,61
Half N
otes & R
ests.
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.11,14
Matched G
rip.
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6
Poco a poco.
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.66
Quarter N
otes & R
ests.
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Rallentando.
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Repeat M
easure.
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.19
Repeat Sign
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18
Ritard
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Rolls,
Buzz
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.43
Cut T
ime
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Double Stroke
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Five-Stroke.
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Nine-Stroke
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Seven-Stroke.
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Seventeen-Stroke.
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42
Single-Stroke.
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65
Thirteen-Stroke
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Triple M
eter.
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Ruff
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55
Set-Up &
Maintenance
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4
Single Drag T
ap.
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56
Single Paradiddle.
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Sixteenth Notes &
Rests
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.31,64
Stick Anatom
y.
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.6
Strokes,
Dow
n.
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25
Full.
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9,27
Natural
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9
Tap
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26
Up
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26
Thirty-Second N
otes & Slashes
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Ties
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39
15 Toolbox E
ssential Rudim
ents.
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75
Traditional G
rip.
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.7,9
Triple M
eter.
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63
Triplets,
Eighth N
ote.
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.61
Sixteenth Note
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62
Sixtuplets.
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62
Tuning
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5
Whole N
otes & R
ests.
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11,14
Snare
Dru
mm
er’s T
oolb
ox
- Tab
le of C
onten
ts and In
dex
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Malle
t Pla
yer’s T
oolb
ox
- Tab
le of C
onten
ts and In
dex
- 6 -
For your left hand, duplicate the right hand grip.
With your right hand, grab the stick five to sixinches from the butt end holding it between theflat part of the thumb and the 1st joint of yourindex finger. This holding point is called thefulcrum.
Lightly curl your other three fingers aroundthe stick.
Holding the stick is similar to theway most people hold their toothbrush.
Matched Grip - A Simple Explanation
Butt
Tip (Bead)
ShoulderShaft
Anatomy of a Stick
For the beginning percussionist we recommend using matched grip.
LESSON 1 - Let’s Get Started
from The Snare Drummer’s Toolbox
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from The Mallet Player’s Toolbox
- 10 -
Let's Move Those Hands
Grooves For ThoughtA drummer’s most important job is to be a good time keeper, both within the percussion section and for the band. Whatdoes that mean? It means the band relies on you to provide a steady tempo, whether in the band room or on the marchingfield. Once the band director counts off a tune, don't speed up (rush) or slow down (drag). To become a solid time keeper,you should ALWAYS practice playing along with a source of solid time. This can be one of your favorite tunes, ametronome, a drum machine, or one of the Stick Clix or Groove Trax provided on The Toolbox DVD.
Remember: A drummer’s #1 job is to be a good time keeper.
Now that you're familiar with the full stroke, here are some sticking combinations for you to practice.
� Start by playing each line twice, slowly at first. As you become more comfortable, increase the tempo.
� Once you've mastered each line, play lines 1 through 12 (each line once) without stopping.
� Keep a consistent look and sound between your right and left hand. (Practice in front of a mirror.)
� Stay relaxed and keep a consistent tempo.
1) R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
2) L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
3) R L R L R L R L R L R L R L R L
4) R R R R L R L R L L L L R L R L
5) R R L L R R L L R R L L R R L L
6) R L L R L L R R L R R L R R L L
7) R R R R R R R R L L L L L L L L
8) R L R L R R L L R L R L R R L L
9) R L R R L R L L R L R R L R L L
10) R R R L L L R R L L L R R R L L
11) R L R L R R L R L R L L R R L L
12) R R L R L R L R L L R L R L R L
Guess What? You've just played your first two rudiments! #9 is the Single Paradiddle (R L R R - L R L L) and #11 is the Double Paradiddle (R L R L R R - L R L R L L).
We’ll discuss paradiddles further in Lesson 7.
V
from The Snare Drummer’s Toolbox
Example Grooves For Thought and News Flash
from The Snare Drummer’s Toolbox
Example Grooves For Thought and News Flash
from The Mallet Player’s Toolbox
- 39 -
Thirty-Second Notes & SlashesNews
Flash
Double stroke rolls are most commonly played twice as fast as sixteenth notes.In the example below, the sixteenth notes are called the skeleton (or metering) of the roll.
In rudimental playing, a single slash on the stem of asixteenth note means to play two thirty-second notes - a double stroke.
!
A double slash on the stem of an eighth notemeans to play four thirty-second notes - two double strokes.
@
A triple slash on the stem of a quarter notemeans to play eight thirty-second notes - four double strokes.
æ
What the heck are these . . .TIES are used to connect a note with duration (a roll) to itsrelease. They are also used to connect notes to achieve longerduration, particularly when rolls are played for multiplemeasures with no break.
The notes with three beams are called thirty-second notes.
Grooves For ThoughtTo develop a strong double stroke roll, practice double strokes on a surface with less rebound such as a pillow or phonebook for five to ten minutes. Concentrate on emphasizing the second note of the double stroke by slightly snapping yourwrist. When you go back to playing on a drum or pad you’ll find that executing the double stroke roll will be almosteffortless on a surface with more rebound as well as having more power in your roll.
A triple slash on the stem of a half notemeans to play sixteen thirty-second notes - eight double strokes.
æ
In rudimental drumming, a triple slash means to play thirty-second notes on note valuesof a quarter note or greater - (dotted quarter notes, half notes, dotted half notes, whole notes, etc.)
- 34 -
Dotted Eighth NotesNews
Flash
4
2
4
2
4
2.œ œ .œ œ œ
≈ ≈œ œ≈ ≈œ œ
≈œ œ
≈œ=
1 - e - & a 2 - e - & a
=
1 (e) (&) a 2 (e) (&) a 1 - e (&) a 2 - e (&) a
A dot placed after a note (or rest) increases its value (duration) by one half.A dotted eighth note is equal in duration to three sixteenth notes.
Below are examples of rhythms that are written differently but are played the same on a snare drum.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Here are a few exercises incorporating dotted eighth notes.Practice these at several tempos with a metronome, Stick Clix, or Groove Trax.
Count as you play and keep solid time.
After you’ve mastered each exercise, combine all six exercises into one long exercise omitting the repeats.Get a little crazy... reverse the sticking!
5)
6)
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- 12-
Eye-Q
Review
- Lesson 1
Nam
e the four parts of a stick.
11))A
quarter note receives count(s).
22))A
half note receives count(s).
33))T
here are quarter notes in a 3/4 m
easure.44))
A m
usical staff has lines and
spaces.
FFiillll IInn TThhee BB
llaannkkss
MMuullttiippllee CC
hhooiiccee
11))A
vertical line across the staff is called a: ___44))
Barlines are used to divide the staff into: ___
AA- repeat sign
AA- rhythm
s or beatsBB
- barlineBB
- measures or bars
CC- tuba insert
CC- bass drum
s or trianglesDD
- dividerDD
- eighth notes and quarter notes
22))A
drumm
er’s main job is to: ___
55))T
he tip of the stick should always m
ove: ___AA
- keep solid time
AA- slightly left to right
BB- play as loud as possible
BB- in and out
CC- get the band director coffee
CC- straight up and dow
nDD
- impress people by playing fast
DD- tow
ard the rim of the drum
33))T
he top head of your drum should be: ___
66))H
ow far you stand from
your drum is: ___
AA- parallel to your shoulders
AA- dictated by the length of your forearm
BB- w
axed oftenBB
- not important
CC- a place to set the band director’s coffee
CC- dictated by the length of your sticks
DD- 3 to 4 inches below
your belly buttonDD
- 12 to 18 inches
_______
_______
_________
_________
÷4 4
4 5
4 3
Fill in the measures below
with the appropriate num
ber of quarter notes.R
emem
ber, snare drum notes are typically w
ritten on the 3rd space of the staff.÷4 2
Nam
e The R
udiments
(RL
RR
- LR
L L
)___________________ (R L
R L
R R
- L R
L R
L L
)________________________
Exam
ple:
- 53-
FFiillll IInn TThhee BB
llaannkkss
11))In the m
easure below, w
rite two single
33))In the m
easure below, w
rite two double
paradiddles in Cut T
ime (include stickings).
paradiddles in 3/4 time (include stickings).
22))Fill in the stroke types for the single paradiddles.
44))Fill in the stroke types for the double paradiddles.
Eye-Q
Review
- Lesson 7
÷C
÷4 4
4 3
4 2
4 4œ >
œœœœ >
œœœœœ‰
RL
œ >
œœœœœœ >
œœœœœ
R
œ >
œœœœ >
œœœœ >
œœœœ >
œœœ
÷4 5
≈œ >
œœœœ >
œœœ‰œ >
œ
RL
R
œœ‰œ >
œœœœ >
œ
L
œœœœœ >
œœœœœ‰œ >
œœœœ >
œœœœœ‰‰œ >
œœœ‰
R
Write in the stickings below
.U
se only single and double paradiddle stickings.HH
ii
EEyyee--QQ
CCrroossssww
oorrdd--aa--ddiiddddlleeAA
ccrroossss
11. stroke recipe for single paradiddle -
downstroke, upstroke, tap, ______
33. right single paradiddle
88. In Cut T
ime, a half note receives one ____.
99. a left double paradiddle
1100. L R
L L
, a left _______ paradiddle
DDooww
nn
22. R L
R R
44. another "Cut T
ime" nam
e
55. L R
L R
L L
, a left ______ paradiddle
66. A tim
e signature that cuts note and rest
values in half.
77. A m
easure of Cut T
ime equals tw
o
_______ notes.
10
4
2
5 1
8
6
9
3
7
÷4 3
÷4 4œ > —
œ —
œ —
œ —
RL
RR
œ —>
œ —
œ —
œ —
LR
LL
÷4 3œ > —
œ —
œ —
œ —
œ —
œ —
RL
RL
RR
œ —>
œ —
œ —
œ —
œ —
œ —
LR
LR
LL
Exam
ple IQ
Rev
iews fro
m T
he S
nare
Dru
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er’s T
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For now, we'll concentrate on the quarter note and the quarter rest . A number in parentheses ( ) denotes a rest(silence). In a measure of 4/4 time, there are four beats per measure. Play or clap the following exercises.
Count 1, 2, 3, 4 as you play and keep solid time.
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Now let's try 3/4 time. Count 1, 2, 3 as you play and keep solid time.
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Now let's try 5/4 time. Count 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as you play and keep solid time.
LESSON 2 - Quarters, Halves & Wholes(Notes & Rests . . . that is)
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Addendum pg 33
How To Build An InexpensivePractice Pad For (4) Students
6” 6”
26” 26” 26”
96” (8’)
(7 1/2”)6”x 6”rubber
6”x 6”rubber
6”x 6”rubber
6”x 6”rubber
Items You’ll Need:
(1) 8’ long 2”x 8” piece of lumber (pine)(4) 6”x 6” pieces of rubber, 1/8” - 1/4” thickSmall tube of Liquid Nails(2) sturdy chairs
The rubber squares are most easily accessible from the plumbing supply department at your local hardware store.They’re about $2.00 each and are 1/8” thick. You can get thicker rubber from an industrial rubber supply house,but may have to cut it to size. 1/4” thick gives a better playing feel and makes the sound a little easier on the ear.If you do have a rubber supply house in your area, you may be able to get a scrap from them for little or nothing.You’ll only need one square foot to make your (4) 6” x 6” squares.
Once you have your materials, glue the rubber squares to the 2” x 8” as shown in the drawing below. Be sureand clamp the rubber when you glue it for a secure, tight glue joint. After all is assembled, set the board upon the backs of two chairs appropriately spaced (with the backs of the chairs perpendicular to the board), andVoilà, you have practice pads for (4) students for about $20.00!
When it’s not in use, just set in in the corner of the band room. If you have more students, make another!
NOTE: If you feel your students need a little more space, opt for (3) students per board. Space the (3) rubbersquares center to center at 39”.
- 25 -
LESSON 4 - Accents & DynamicsWebster’s definition of aacccceenntt is “emphasis or stress on a note or chord.” In other words, a note
marked with an accent ( ) is played noticeably louder. Up to this point, you’ve been playing all full strokes.To play accented patterns, rudiments, and rolls, you’ll need to learn three more basic strokes:
>
11)) TThhee DDoowwnnssttrrookkee 22)) TThhee TTaapp SSttrrookkee 33)) TThhee UUppssttrrookkee
TThhee DDoowwnnssttrrookkee
To play a downstroke, start in the regular playing position and play afull stroke (see Figure 1). As you strike the drum, stop the rebound ofthe stick one to two inches above the head by lightly squeezing theback three fingers and stopping the wrist motion (see Figure 2).
Figure 1 Figure 2
Stopping the stick in this down position defines this as a ddoowwnnssttrrookkee.Stay relaxed. Don’t squeeze the stick too tightly.
Practice these three exercises, sslloowwllyy aatt ffiirrsstt, focusing on proper execution of the downstroke.
FF = Full Stroke DD = Downstroke
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- 26 -
TThhee TTaapp SSttrrookkeeTo play a tap stroke, start in the regular playing position. Slightly liftthe stick and strike the drum, returning to the normal playing position.
Practice these three exercises, sslloowwllyy aatt ffiirrsstt, focusing on proper execution of the tap stroke.
TT = Tap Stroke
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Tap strokes are basically soft strokes and arefundamental in the development of a musical snare drummer.
In executing the tap stroke, you’ll be using a slight wrist motion as well as the back three fingers to control the stick.
TThhee UUppssttrrookkee
The uuppssttrrookkee is a preparation for an accent. To play an upstroke,start in the regular playing position (see Figure 1). Play a tap strokeand, in the same motion, lift the stick approximately 45º inpreparation for an accent or stroke of louder volume (see Figure 2).
Practice playing individual upstrokes, at no tempo, with each hand.
Figure 1
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- 31 -
LESSON 5 - Sixteenth Notes & Sixteenth RestsA sixteenth note looks like a quarter
note with a double flag attached.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Consecutive sixteenthnotes are usually beamed. This is a sixteenth rest.
r
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
≈
In a typical 4/4 measure, sixteenth notes areplayed twice as fast as eighth notes and are counted:
1 e & a 2 e & a 3 e & a 4 e & a ÷4
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ata
1st and 2nd EndingsNews
Flash
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1st
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2nd
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A B C D E
Play this exercise four timesstarting with the right hand.
Then play it four timesstarting with the left hand.
Count 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 1 e & a 2 e & a 3 e & a 4 e & a
as you play.
When a musical phrase is repeated, sometimes the end of the phrase is altered.In the example below, play measures A, B, C, and D, then play measures
A, B, C, and E (skipping measure D when you repeat the phrase).
Note: If there is no forward repeat sign, go back to the beginning.
÷4
4..
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Practice at several tempos, and always kkeeeepp ssoolliidd ttiimmee.
÷4
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Eighth / Sixteenth Combos
Another popular counting system for sixteenth notes is: 1 ta te ta 2 ta te ta 3 ta te ta 4 ta te taThis book will use the traditional 1 e & a 2 e & a 3 e & a 4 e & a
V
V
V
from The Snare Drummer’s Toolbox
- 38 -
LESSON 6 - Basic RollsSo far we've learned to execute four basic strokes (the full stroke, the downstroke, the tap stroke and theupstroke), and read quarter notes, eighth notes and sixteenth notes. All the strokes and notes we've played havebeen short with no duration. As mentioned on page 14, duration (a sustained sound) on a snare drum isaccomplished by playing a roll. In this book, you'll learn two types of rolls: double stroke (generally used inrudimental playing) and buzz or multiple bounce (generally used in concert/orchestral playing). The first we'lllearn is the double stroke roll.
The Double Stroke Roll
÷4
4œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
R R R R R R R R‘
œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
L L L L L L L L‘
÷œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
R R R R R R R R
œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
L L L L L L L L
œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
R R R R R R R R
œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
L L L L L L L L
÷..
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R R R R L L L L‘
œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰œ œ‰
R R L L R R L L‘
Play the following exercise several times, slowly at first. Strive for equal volume between the two notes.Remember, a double stroke is played using a single wrist motion.
Play the following exercise incorporating the double stroke.Maintain a constant “1 & 2 &” wrist motion throughout the exercise.
÷4
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R R L L R R L L‘
A double stroke consists of two notes coming from one wrist motion. Toplay a double stroke, start in the regular playing position (both sticks one
to two inches above the head) and play a full stroke. After the initial strike, allow the stick tobounce, then immediately squeeze the back three fingers pushing the stick back to the head forthe second note. The goal is to have both notes be equal volume.
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- 61 -
LESSON 9 - Triplets & Triple MeterSo far in this book all of our reading exercises, solos and duets have been duple based, meaning that rhythms within the beatare divided into groups of two (eighth notes) or four (sixteenth notes). A triplet subdivides the beat or pulse into three evennotes as illustrated below:
œ
1œ
2œ
3œ
4
œ
1œ
&œ
2œ
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3œ
&œ
4œ
&
œ
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aœ
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aœ
3œ
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aœ
4œ
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a
3 3 3 3
The three notes in an eighth notetriplet will be beamed together with thenumber “33” above or below the group.
There are several ways to count triplets:11-&-a 22-&-a 11-trip-let 22-trip-let
11-la-li 22-la-li (lah-lee) 11-2-3 22-2-3
In this book we’ll use:11--&&--aa 22--&&--aa
÷4
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Here are a few exercises incorporating eighth note triplets. Practice this at several tempos using a metronome, Stick Clix, or Groove Trax.Count as you play, and focus on keeping the triplet rhythms smooth and even.
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Grooves For ThoughtMastering the flow of the triplet is essential for the well-rounded drummer.
Triplets are the rhythmic basis for many styles of music including swing, blues and hip-hop. When practicing thesenext two exercises, emphasize the accents while keeping a steady groove with the unaccented notes.
quarternotes
eighthnotes
eighth notetriplets
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from The Snare Drummer’s Toolbox
- 62 -
Sixteenth Note TripletsSixteenth note triplets subdivide an eighth note into three even notes as illustrated below:
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Because sixteenth note triplets go by at amuch faster speed, counting them can besomewhat of a challenge. Here are a few
ways to count sixteenth note triplets:
1-ta-ta &-ta-ta Be-duh-lee Be-duh-lee
Buh-guh-duh Buh-guh-duh
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Practice the following sixteenth note triplet exercises slowly at first. While you’re playing, focus on counting 1 - & - 2 - &.In the 2nd bar of each exercise, drop in the triplet(s) without disturbing the flow of the eighth notes.
After you’ve become comfortable with the exercises, reverse the sticking.
SixtupletsNews
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Sixtuplets are two groups of sixteenth note triplets combined to make one group of six.
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Sixtuplet ExercisesAfter you’ve become comfortable with these three exercises, reverse the sticking.
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- 63 -
Triple Meter (12/8, 9/8, 6/8 & 3/8 Time Signatures)
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When playing in triple meter at a much slower tempo, counting each eighth note is the best wayto keep up with where you are within the measure. Emphasis should remain on the dotted quarter note (the beat).
Below are two common ways of counting when playing at very slow tempos using triple meter.
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A measure of 3/8 has three eighth notesand will typically be conducted in one.
Music with a triplet “feel” is most commonly written using triple meter so groups of three do not have to be designatedwith a number above or below the group. Using triple meter simplifies the look of the music, and makes it easier to read.
In the example below the 12/8 measure is played and sounds exactly the same as the 4/4 measure.
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Mixin’ It Up - Player 1These two pages allow you to create your own duets. Player 1 can pick either part on page 72, and Player 2 cando the same for page 73. Any combination will work, giving you four variations on the duet (as well as titles).
from The Snare Drummer’s Toolbox
- 73 -
Monkey Hill
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Mixin’ It Up - Player 2
- 73 -
Monkey Hill
Funky Street
Mixin’ It Up - Player 2
- 72 -
Groovin’ Down
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Mixin’ It Up - Player 1These two pages allow you to create your own duets. Player 1 can pick either part on page 72, and Player 2 cando the same for page 73. Any combination will work, giving you four variations on the duet (as well as titles).
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- 73 -
Monkey Hill
Funky Street
Mixin’ It Up - Player 2
- 72 -
Groovin’ Down
Jivin’ On
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- 75 -
The 15 Toolbox Essential Rudiments
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l The Three Grips (German French, American) l Playing Areas
l The Bass Clef Staff l Drum Ranges
l The Legato Stroke l Tuning The Drums
l Ear Training l Rolls
l Two Drum, Three Drum & Four Drum Exercises l Dampening
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