today we are learning about the development of the african and indian independence movements
DESCRIPTION
Kenya (1921) Protest against high taxes placed by GB Leader arrested Libya (1920s) Used guerrilla warfare against Italians IT reaction: ○ Concentration camps ○ Modern weapons Reforms Too little, too late By 1930s – AF leaders calling for independence, not reformTRANSCRIPT
NATIONALSIM IN AFRICA & INDIA
Today we are learning about the development of the African and Indian independence movements
Movements towards Independence in Africa Fighting in WWI on Allied side- want
independence German colonies awarded to GB & FR
(mandates- L of N) Become politically active
New ideas of freedom & nationalismMissionary schools taught about
○ Liberty○ equality
Kenya (1921)Protest against high taxes placed by GBLeader arrested
Libya (1920s)Used guerrilla warfare against ItaliansIT reaction:
○ Concentration camps○ Modern weapons
ReformsToo little, too lateBy 1930s – AF leaders calling for independence, not reform
New Leaders edu in Europe & USA W.E.B. DuBois
African AmericanHarvard grad.Wanted to make Africans aware of
cultural heritage Marcus Garvey
Jamaican (lived in Harlem)○ Stressed the need for African unity
Jomo KenyattaKenyanBritish rule destroying traditional culture
Leopold Senghor Studied in FROrganized an independence movement
in Senegal Nnamdo Azikiwe
NigeriaPublished a newspaperSupported non-violent method of gaining
indep.
The Movement for Indian Independence
Mohandas Gandhi Pre- WWI
Push for Indian self-rule Post WWI
Used methods of civil disobedience
1919- violent protest○ Gandhi retreated○ Imprisoned for role in protests
against British
Why?
Government of India Act (1935) Expended the role of Indians in the
governing process Two house parliament
2/3 of which were Indian 5 million Indians given the right to vote
Small percentage of the total pop.
A Push for Independence Indian National Congress (1885) Purpose -Seek reforms INC under leadership of Motilal Nehru
Push for full independence of GB Gandhi – released from prison
Informed ordinary Indians of his beliefsPushed for nonviolence campaign“Don’t pay your taxes, send your children to an English
supported school…Make your own cotton cloth, and don’t buy British made goods. Provide yourself with homemade salt, do not buy gov. made salt.”
BR. Govt then prohibited the making or harvesting of salt by Indian people.
Reading –the Salt march (pg 562)
New leaders, New Problems
Jawaharlal Nehru – 1930s- entered the movement Studied law in GB New kind of politician – upper class & intellectual Independence mvmt in 2 paths
Gandhi’s –religious, traditional, Indian
Nehru’s – secular, Western, and modern
Hindus v. Muslims Muslims dissatisfied with
Hindu INC dominance Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Believe in the creation of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan in the Northwest