time for the cell cycle graphing an onion root tip...onion root tip diagram 4. pie chart graph paper...

NAME:________________________________________________ Time for the Cell Cycle Question: Do all the phases of the cell cycle require the same amount of time for completion? Hypothesis: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To test our hypothesis you will be completing an experiment using the data from onion root tip cells. Many cells in one specific phase indicate that a long period of time is required for the completion of that phase. Few cells in a specific phase indicate a short period of time is required for completion of that phase. Materials: 1. Lab Directions 2. Data Recording Sheet 3. Onion Root Tip Diagram 4. Pie Chart Graph Paper Procedure 1. Count and record in Table 16-1 the number of cells in each phase of the cell cycle. a. Count all cells in the field of view and use Figure 16-1 as a guide. 2. Total the number of cells on the onion root sample diagram and ensure that this equals the number of cells you counted and record this number in “total number counted.” 3. Once the number of cells column is complete move on to the math to determine time in each stage column. 4. To calculate the time in each stage, use the following formula: × a. The total time to complete the cell cycle is 720 minutes in an onion root tip cell 5. Using your data from Table 16-1 and the outline below, prepare a circle graph which shows the number of minutes that onion root tip cells spend in each phase of the cell cycle. Check off each step as you go below: Graph your data using the “Time in Minutes” column from Table 16-1 The circle is divided in to 18 minute sections. Each section of the graph equals 18 minutes. If a phase is not exactly 18 minutes or a multiple of 18 approximate the position of the line on the graph. Shade each phase of your graph with colored pencils and label your key accordingly. Label where G1, S, and G2 would occur. Outline and label the phases that are a part of Mitosis in black permanent marker and label this area “Mitosis.” 6. Using the graph you completed answer the questions that follow.

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NAME:________________________________________________

TimefortheCellCycle

Question:Doallthephasesofthecellcyclerequirethesameamountoftimeforcompletion?

Hypothesis:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Totestourhypothesisyouwillbecompletinganexperimentusingthedatafromonionroottipcells.Manycellsinonespecificphaseindicatethatalongperiodoftimeisrequiredforthecompletionofthatphase.Fewcellsinaspecificphaseindicateashortperiodoftimeisrequiredforcompletionofthatphase.

Materials:1.LabDirections2.DataRecordingSheet3.OnionRootTipDiagram4.PieChartGraphPaperProcedure

1. CountandrecordinTable16-1thenumberofcellsineachphaseofthecell

cycle.

a. CountallcellsinthefieldofviewanduseFigure16-1asaguide.

2. Totalthenumberofcellsontheonionrootsamplediagramandensurethatthisequalsthenumberofcellsyou

countedandrecordthisnumberin“totalnumbercounted.”

3. Oncethenumberofcellscolumniscompletemoveontothemathtodeterminetimeineachstagecolumn.

4. Tocalculatethetimeineachstage,usethefollowingformula: 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝

×𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐜𝐲𝐜𝐥𝐞

a. Thetotaltimetocompletethecellcycleis720minutesinanonionroottipcell

5. UsingyourdatafromTable16-1andtheoutlinebelow,prepareacirclegraphwhichshowsthenumberofminutes

thatonionroottipcellsspendineachphaseofthecellcycle.Checkoffeachstepasyougobelow:

� Graphyourdatausingthe“TimeinMinutes”columnfromTable16-1

� Thecircleisdividedinto18minutesections.Eachsectionofthegraphequals18minutes.Ifaphaseisnot

exactly18minutesoramultipleof18approximatethepositionofthelineonthegraph.

� Shadeeachphaseofyourgraphwithcoloredpencilsandlabelyourkeyaccordingly.

� LabelwhereG1,S,andG2wouldoccur.

� OutlineandlabelthephasesthatareapartofMitosisinblackpermanentmarkerandlabelthisarea“Mitosis.”

6. Usingthegraphyoucompletedanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

Page 2: Time for the Cell Cycle Graphing an Onion Root Tip...Onion Root Tip Diagram 4. Pie Chart Graph Paper Procedure 1. Count and record in Table 16-1 the number of cells in each phase of

DataTable16-1PhaseoftheCellCycle

NumberofCells

MathtoDeterminethetimeinEachStage

Time(inMinutes)InEachStage

NumberofSectionstoColor

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

TotalNumberofCellsCounted

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Graph16-1

Title:__________________________________________________________________________________

Page 3: Time for the Cell Cycle Graphing an Onion Root Tip...Onion Root Tip Diagram 4. Pie Chart Graph Paper Procedure 1. Count and record in Table 16-1 the number of cells in each phase of

AnalysisQuestions:Answerallofthequestionsinfullsentences

1.Whichphaserequiresthelongesttimeforcompletion?

2.Whichphaserequirestheshortesttimeforcompletion?

3.Whatphaseisnotaccountedforinyourgraph?Whydoyouthinkthisisso?

4.Usingwhatyouhavelearnedinthisactivityreadthetablebelowtoanswerthequestionsthatfollow.

Table16-2PhaseoftheCell

CycleTime(Minutes)IttakesNormal

ChickenCellstoCompleteEachStageTime(Minutes)IttakesCancerousChicken

CellstoCompleteEachStageInterphase 540 380Prophase 60 45Metaphase 10 10Anaphase 3 3Telophase 12 10

a.Whatisthetotaltimeneededforanormalchickenstomachcelltocompletethecellcycle?

b.Whatisthetotaltimeneededforacancerouschickencelltocompletethecellcycle?

c.Howdocancercellsdifferfromnormalcellsintimerequiredformitosis?

Page 4: Time for the Cell Cycle Graphing an Onion Root Tip...Onion Root Tip Diagram 4. Pie Chart Graph Paper Procedure 1. Count and record in Table 16-1 the number of cells in each phase of

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