this is an electrical circuit protection device sound disappeared

8/19/2019 This is an electrical circuit protection device sound disappeared

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This is an electrical circuit protection device sound disappeared. when toomuch voltage 220V, and protection when pressure is too low with Using therelay cut off power when voltage problems. In particular, If the voltage of motor is lower, the coils of it can be a burn.

The working of circuitsFrom the circuit when the voltage is 220 volts ! through a transformer T". Itserves to reduce the pressure remaining "2 volts, through a #"$#% connectedto #irect rectifier bridge circuit. To convert the voltage, alternating current todirect current. Then, through the !" and !2 to the power filter smoothing. ndentering a pin. &r input pin of I!", a loan I! 'e( bit computing to "2$voltpower supply is fi(ed to the I!2. That it is I! &p mp. )ressure acts edgeI!2*" +igh Voltage #etector, +igh Voltage I!s, if this current wor to the -"and relay function, it wors with, thus cutting off power from the load instantly.

The I!2*2 serves to detect the lower voltage. The two components can bespecified by V'", V'2. /#" display when power or low power over aspecified.

The parts listI!"12% -uad* "1+3* &perational mplifiers for!ommercial* Industrial* and 1ilitary pplicationsI!2145"2"2V " #! voltage regulator I!


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-"2670%%8V "00m 6)6 Transistor #"$#%"6%004" "000V #iode9#":V 0.8; 9ener diode9#2:.5V 0.8; 9ener #iode!"%40


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s Figure 1 is circuit diagram of this proDect. The voltage input is entered totransformer that designed with primary of 50 volts and secondary of 20 volts.From transformer feature as above will cause can get voltage at secondary of"2 volts. ;hen input voltage is 220 volts as normally.

Figure 1 the circuit diagram

nd will be output voltage of 7.8 volts. ;hen voltage drop down to "50 volts,

this voltage as above will entered to diode rectifiers #"$#%. 6oticeE we useprimary coil transformer is 50 volts to protect them 6ot damaged by too overvoltage.

The voltage that through a rectifier circuit will be separated to two way. Firstwill be entered to I!$ 14507 to The ability to maintain fi(ed voltage all time.

lthough the input voltage is lower as ""0 volts or higher 50 volts to them.

The circuit has e(cellent performance at all times.

The other way voltage will be entered to '", '2 and I!" to compared withstandard voltage from '8 and maintain fi(ed voltage to 8 volts stable by a3ener diode$#8.

V'" will adDusted voltage lower than pin : Dust slightly,and will higher, wheninput voltage higher this setting voltage. The output voltage at pin 4 will bepositive to enter through #:, #5 and '5 to base of -" cause -" woring.

;hile /#$#7 will grow to indicate we now that the circuit wored from theover voltage.

The woring of -" will maes pin of I!2$ 6:450 has electrical potential asthe ground, cause output at pin : is positive, -2 will wor and reduce voltageat base of - to lower until - stop. The relay will brea the circuit to protectthe circuit that we use.

;hen input voltage is normally high. The -"=s base voltage will reduced until-" stop woring. >ut I!2 will still continually wors with time about for


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minutes. Then relay so connects power to the normally electrigfgfcalappliances.

The V'2 will adDust voltage at pin 2 higher slightly than pin .

;hen input voltage lower than setting, when voltage at pin 2 lower than pin will get positive voltage output pin " of I!"b fill through #4, #7 cause -" alsowor at over voltage.

/#$#"" will indicated the under voltage./#$#"0 will indicated the over voltage.

How to builds s Figure 2 is actual si3e of single$sided copper )!> layout. nd assembleon )!> as Figure completely. Then test woring of circuit with apply normal

voltage to the circuit. The tree /#s will must go out, ne(t $8 minutes long/# #"2 lights to show that the circuit functions normally.

Figure 2 the !" la#out

Figure $ the component la#out%


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For /# #7, #"" if grow in this time, to adDsut V'", V'2 until both /#s goout.Then test to reduce voltage to "50 volts while adDust V'2 until /#$#"" growand within /#$#"2 will go out. That show relay stop woring and cut voltageof out the protected circuit show that it normally woring.

6e(t test add voltage rises up to 2%0 volts, then adDust V'" until /#$#7 willgrow while /#$#"2 will go out, it indicated the relay stop and cut of voltageto also protect the circuit.

If you not have the ! variable voltage supply. ou may use #! power supplyadDustable voltage between :$20 volts to connects at T) point. >y the voltageof ".8 volts will same input voltage of "50 volts and "4.5 volts for 2%0 volts

!omponents ist%

I!"17 ow &ffset Voltage #ual !omparatorsI!26:450 General )urpose ong Interval TimersI!145077V Fi(ed 'egulator I!.-", -2>!8%40.% %0V 6)6 Transistor ->!40.5 %0V 6)6 Transistors#"$#%"6%004" "000V #iode#89ener 8V 0.8;#:, #49ener .7V 0.8;#5, #7, #""6%"%5#"0, #"", #"2/#as you want.

The resistors 0.28;'", '224H', '8"8H'%"2H':, '4, '"%520 ohms'5, '"22%H'77"0 ohms'"0"50H'""220 ohms'":5H'"8, '":"H

The !apacitors!"%40uF 8V /lectrolytic capacitors!2, !%0."uF :V )olyester !apacitor !"0uF ":V /lectrolytic capacitors


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!8%40uF ":V /lectrolytic capacitors'7V 'elay " contact.

'elated inksrotection circuit

Over voltage protection circuitow voltage detector ogic )@U with &vervoltage )rotection by I! 4508+igh$Voltage 'egulator ;ith @hort !ircuit )rotection@olar battery charger with overcharge protection

• Introduction

In this article we will try to understand a few circuit ideas that can provide low voltage and

over voltage protection to connected electrical assets. Though these circuits won’t be able

to stabilize the input voltage, even so may prove very eective in providing total safety to

your precious electrical home appliances against dangerous input voltages.

The rst design of a low voltage indicator circuit may be used to indicate the presence of

dangerous low voltage conditions.

A low voltage may appear to be something that is lower in magnitude and power, but that is

what maes it more lethal. !or e"ample a refrigerator woring at #$% volts A& mains will

never 'lie( voltages below )*%, since in such cases its compressor due to the lac of

su+cient voltage, will try to compensate by drawing heavy currents and may get damaged if

the situation persists. The same is true for other types of A& operated motors.

Also in vehicles, for e"ample a car, if the battery voltage falls below * volts, it may be uite

harmful for the life of the battery itself and moreover the vehicle will -ust not start at that

voltage.

The second circuit is similar but opposite in response. It is basically a high voltage detector

circuit and when attached to an electrical systemwill warn you of detrimental high voltages.

These voltages are perhaps more risy, as under such conditions the euipment may not get

enough time to withstand the -olt and may be instantly burnt or damaged.

e will also learn how these two circuits can be -oined into one and used to sense both the

levels of 'bad( voltages and &/T the supply under such circumstances to save guard your

precious electrical gadgets.

• It’s Easy to Build These Simple Circuits

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The circuits described below are pretty simple in design and may be easily built over a small

piece of a general purpose 0&1. 2nce you understand how the below shown circuits

function, things will get much simpler3

Low voltage indicator circuit

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3 6eferring to the gure we can see that the circuit utilizes mainly a single 070 transistor and

a zener diode to sense a low voltage. As per the setting of 86), the moment the input

voltage falls below the predetermined reference, the transistor conducts and switches 27

the 59: to show a low voltage condition. The circuit may be used in vehicles operating on )#

volt batteries, to display the 'health( of the battery. ;ere 86) should be ad-usted such that

the 59: begins to glow at around )%.< battery voltage, indicating that it needs a proper

charging. 0referably a =ashing type of 59: may be used rather than a continuous one to

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attract immediate attention of the driver. It can be accommodated on the vehicle dashboard

itself.

High voltage indicator circuit3 Another simple conguration shown in the gure is of a

high voltage detector circuit. ;ere instead of a 070, a 707 transistor is used to detect high

voltages. If the input voltage rises above the set level of 86), the transistor will conduct to

put 27 an alarm or an 59:. This circuit alone won’t be practically useful in any application,

as during high voltages there is always a chance of the euipment in the line of re getting

damaged instantly, -ust an indication wont help. 4o it becomes important to arm the circuitwith an additional cut>2!! facility, so that it can switch 2!! the supply voltage in such

dangerous scenarios and provide an impeccable over voltage protection to the connected

unit.

High voltage-low voltage cut-O circuit3 As shown in the circuit diagram, a couple of

transistor stages are integrated together along with an output relay, which is able to perform

the function of super safe voltage guard euipment. As e"plained above the transistors

sense the presence of the dangerous voltage levels respectively and activate the relay to

protect the connected appliance from drastic situations. The cut 2!! supply will be

immediately restored bac once the voltage returns to a safe level. The circuit may be used

as a home protection system and installed inside the e"isting main switch board with the

relay contacts connected in series with the mains supply line. Thus this circuit will not only

cut 2!! during low voltages but also will provide a total over voltage protection to the entire

house or premises.

• The !ltimate High"Low #oltage $rotector Circuit


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This circuit is a modied version of the previous one and is able to

switch of the load and itself in case the input voltage reaches dangerous levels. It can thus

provide an ultimate protection to any gadget connected at its output.

The circuit may be understood in the following manner ?&lic Image to 9nlarge@3

After the reuired settings of the presets are done as e"plained above, pressing the push

button will initiate the circuit by connecting theA& supply to the transformer.

2n receiving the supply voltage the circuit will operate by energizing T# and the relay.

The relay contacts will get latched so that the entire circuit now receives the supply voltage

through its 72 contacts and the push button may be simply released.

As long as the supply voltage is within the normal range, the circuit remains latched and the

output appliance is safely powered. 7ow, if the voltage increases to an undesirable e"tent,

T) will conduct, bringing the base voltage of T# to ground and thus deactivating T# and the

relay.

2nce the relay contacts are dislodged, the supply to the appliance as well as the whole

system is broen. The circuit will remain unlatched until two conditions are met viz. the push

button is pressed and the voltage is restored to its normal position.

The same will happen during the unsafe low voltages.

%!I&3 &an anybody tell us why 6) has been included in the circuitB

56 7.O '6!O446/+%%%

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#oltage Sta0ili1er

• Build a Scrolling essage 'isplay Circuit
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this is an electrical circuit protection device sound disappeared

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