T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November, 1944

Veganism is a way of living which excludes all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, the animal kingdom, and includes a reverence and com-passion for all life. I t applies to the practice of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey, animal milk and its derivatives, and encourages the use of alternatives for all commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Veganism remembers man's responsibilities to the earth and its resources and seeks to bring about a healthy soil and plant kingdom and a proper use of the materials of the earth.

President: Dr. FREY E L L I S , Epsom, Surrey. Deputy Presidents: Mrs. E. B. SHRIGLEY and Mr. J. SANDERSON. Vice-Presidents: M r s . E . BAIT, M r s . M . HENDERSON, D r . C . NIMMO, M i s s

W. SIMMONS, Miss M. SIMM Mrs. E. LEY, Dr. F . WOKES. Secretary : Mrs. LOUISE DAVIS, , London, S.E.12. Treas GRACE SMITH (to whom all subscriptions should be sent),

So N.14. 01-886 6408. Librarian : Mr. W. H. C. WRIGHT, Enfield, Middlesex. Committee: Mrs. E. BATT, Mr. H . BONNIE, Mrs. S . COLES, Dr. F . ELLIS,

Miss T . LARKIN, Mr. J. SANDERSON, Mrs. E. SHRIGLEY, Mrs. G . SMITH, D r . F . WOKES, M r . W . WRIGHT, M r s . J . FUGEMAN.

Minimum subscription, which includes " T h e Vegan", 15s. per annum (and 7s. 6d. for each additional member of one family at same residence); 7s. 6d. if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £10 10s. Od.

THE VEGAN JOURNAL OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY

The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Please send articles, classified advertisements and letters for publication to 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex.

Advertisements must be in keeping with the principles of veganism, and the Publishers reserve the right to refuse any advertisement, or cancel any order without explanation.

Editorial Board : Mrs. EVA BATT, Mrs. SERENA COLES, Dr. FREY ELLIS . Editorial Adviser: Mr. JACK SANDERSON. Vegan ibution Secretary: Miss THELMA LARKIN,

, West Horndon, Brentwood, Essex. Adver : H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London,

S.E.22. Rates: Whole page—£10 0s. 0d.; Half page—£6 0s 0d.; Quarter page—£3 10s. Od.

Published quarterly: Annual Subscription, 10s.; single copies, 2s. 6d. plus postage. Obtainable from the Hon. Secretary.

L I T E R A T U R E " The Reasons for Veganism." 4 page leaflet 3d. S.A.E. only. " Vegan Protein Nutrition." 12 page leaflet. Is. 3d. post free. " A Handbook of Practical Veganism." 24 pages with cover. 2s. 9d.

post free. " The Vegetarian and Vegan Food Guide." 2s. 6d. post free. " The Vegan Kitchen " by Freya Dinshah. 5s. 6d. De luxe edition, 7s. 6d.

post free. " Quick and Easy Menus " by K. Keleny. 2s. 1 Id. post free. " Vegan Recipes." A collection of members' favourites. 10 sheets,

Is. 9d. post free. All obtainable from the Secretary. (Cheques and postal orders should b*

made out to " The Vegan Society.")

THE VEGAN Journal of the Vegan Society

Vol. 16. No. 3. AUTUMN, 1969

25TH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 6 - 7 p.m. on Saturday, December 6th, at the Cora Hotel,

Upper Woburn Place, London, W.C.1 AGENDA:

1. Minutes of the previous Annual General Meeting. 2. Committee's Report for 1968. 3. Treasurer's Report for 1968. 4. Election of Officers and Committee. 5. Election of Auditor. We have been asked whether paid up members not attending

the celebrations at the Cora Hotel on December 6th will be able to come to the business meeting at 6 p.m. The answer is yes, of course, but it will be appreciated that we cannot accommo-date non-members at the A.G.M. this year. It is the first time a business meeting has not allowed for ample general discus-sion afterwards, but the arrangement was made on this occasion for the convenience of out-of-town members who are anxious to attend both functions on a flying visit to London. We felt sure this would meet with the approval of our " regular" and valued supporters who are able to get to meetings a little more frequently.

Warning.—Do not delay too long in sending for your Dinner tickets, the seating is limited, and on the occasion of our last purely social function four years ago we were unable to squeeze in a few people who left it to the last moment. Not only this, but by letting us know in ample time you will save us many frantic hours, worrying whether we shall fill the room or make a sad financial loss for the Society—only to have too many requests for tickets arrive in the last week!

REPRINTING OF EXTRACTS FROM " THE VEGAN " We are quite happy that original .articles, etc., from our

columns should be reprinted, provided such items are clearly marked " From The Vegan, Journal of the Vegan Society."

1

• A REMINDER November, 1969

The 20lh World Congress of the International Vegetarian Union will be held in Jerusalem from Sunday, November 2nd, for one week, followed by a week of sightseeing from a base in Nathanya. The Vegan Society will be represented by Miss Hannah 'Hurnard and Miss Thelma Larkin.

LECTURES " Vegetarianism into Veganism "

is the title of a talk to be given by 'Mrs. Batt at an open meeting of the Enfield Branch of the Nature Cure Society of Great Britain on Wednesday, November 26th, 1969, at 7.30, in the Southgate Technical College, High Street, Southgate, London. N.14.

At the invitation of the Southampton and District Vegetarian Society, Mrs. Batt will be speaking on " VEGETARIANS OF THE-FUTURE" at the Friends' Meeting House, Ordnance Road, Southampton, at 7.30 p.m. on Thursday, October 9th.

" Chest Complaints and a Vegan Diet" is the theme of a talk at the Friends' Meeting House, Reigate Road, Reigate, on Tuesday, October 21st, 1969, at 7.45 p.m. The meeting has been organised by the Redhill Healthy Life Society and the speaker is pur Mr. W. H. C. Wright, B.Sc., N.D.D.O., M.B.N.O.A.

ANIMALS' FAIR November 21st and 22nd, at Royal Horticultural Hall,

Vincent Square, London. S.W.1. Visit us at the Vegan Stall. If you can spare an hour your

help will be welcome, also gifts of vegan savouries, home-made bread, etc., are always most acceptable. Please do not send gifts direct to the Hall.

PLANTMILK SOCIETY Talk by Mr. L. J. Cross, Secretary of the Plantmilk Society,

.entitled " The Milk of Human Kindness—the Story of Plantmilk ", at Torquay, October 8th. Details from: Mr. Don L. Phillips, 69 Audley Avenue, Torquay.

FRIENDS' VEGETARIAN SOCIETY AND FRIENDS' ; ANIMAL WELFARE AND , ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY

• Public Meeting at Friends' House. Euston Road, London, N.W.'I ,• on Friday; November 28th, 1969. Speaker: Isabel

• James. Tea at 6(p.m'. Meeting 6.30 p!m. Finish at 8 p.m. 2

As a good many Friends are interested in both Societies, the Committees decided to issue a joint invitation to all the activities. We hope you will be able to come along and bring any other interested persons.

BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY October I6th. Leeds Branch. Fashion Show, 7.30 p.m.,

at the Great Northern Hotel, Leeds. October 28th—International Bazaar for Animals' Welfare,

Caxton Hall, S.W.I. November 12th. Southend Vegeta'rian and Food Reform

Society. Fashion Show, 7.45 p.m., Westborough High School, Southend. •

Further details from Beauty Without Cruelty, 1 Calverley Park, Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

RECENT MEETINGS On June 28th, The Nature Cure Clinic held their annual

garden party at the home of Miss Nina Hosali at Biggin Hill on one of the hottest days of our glorious summer. The event was opened by Miss Ursula Bloom and during the afternoon the Challenge Art Group entertained the guests on their guitars with songs about animals they had composed themselves. Amongst stalls of home-made jams and garden produce was our vegan stall manned by Mrs. Batt and Mrs. Davies with the help of Mrs. Coles, Mrs. Fugeman and Mrs. Jones. We are most grateful to Miss Hosali for giving us the space where we were able to show some vegan shoes iand distribute literature to nearly 100 guests.

The hot weather continued to the next bumper heatwave on July 5th, when we were again able to put up our literature table and attach our banner to the hedge in the garden of Mr. and Mrs. Fugeman at Lewisham, S.E.13, where the annual garden party of the National Anti-Vivisection Society's South East London Branch was held. Mrs. Coles, who brought some of her home-made nut rissoles, was selling them like " hot cakes " although these happened to be cold! We have heard since from Mrs. Fugeman that our efforts were by no means wasted as one of her members who brought some rissoles has since asked for some vegan recipes and is interested in "becoming a vegan.

J.F.

On Tuesday, August 12th, an Extraordinary General Meeting was held in the Restaurant of the-Nature Cure Clinic, W.I.' for the purpose of formally passing the audited accounts for 1968.

After an introduction by Mrs. Grace Smith, who referred to our hopes and plans for the future, the adoption, of the Balance

3

Sheet and Statement of Accounts was proposed by Mrs. Coles, seconded by Mrs. Fugeman and carried unanimously.

The Chairman then closed the business meeting and introduced the stalls of Plantmilk foods and B.W.C. vegan cosmetics. The warm, friendly atmosphere, to which we are accustomed at these meetings, was again in evidence, and there was no lack of volun-teers to help with tea making and washing up. Home made cakes and savouries had been provided by some of the committee and were enjoyed by all.

Once again we express our indebtedness and thanks to our friends at the Nature Cure Clinic for the use of their premises.

E.B.

ANIMALS VIGILANTES A visit to Duckyls Park always gives me a feeling of wonder

that there really is so much beauty and spaciousness still left in this island of ours. Our thanks go to Mrs. Jean Le F6vre and her husband for allowing us to share their lovely home and grounds on August 16th when we were able to have a vegan stall once again surrounded by the most perfectly behaved creatures. Horses, dogs, cats, sheep and geese all appeared to tolerate the crowds of folk who swarmed about them.

One horse was celebrating his 2Jst birthday and a special stall, full of gifts for him were on sale, to the public. I rather fancy that he now has little bags of food to last him for many a day!

On the vegan stall there were jellies, cakes, nut roasts, Plamil and other health foods—all of which gave rise to many questions —as well as the literature. It is encouraging to see the increasing interest now being taken in pure food and we are grateful for the occasions when we are able to give publicity to our cause.

S.N.C.

MEETINGS HELD AT THE NATURE CURE CLINIC On July 17th the committee of the Nature Cure Clinic invited

Dr. A. Long and Mr. K. Brown of the London Vegetarian Society and Mrs. S. Coles of the Vegan Society to join them to discuss the problem of the fact that many Health Food Stores were now selling meat products and other goods that were lowering their standards. This same anxiety had also been expressed at a meeting at Fraser House some months ago when the vegan representative had been present and, at first glance, it does appear to be discouraging.

To counteract the lowering of standards in the Health Food Stores were the heartening signs that larger orthodox stores now had departments for Health Foods and Dr. Long doubted whether Health Stores could remain open if they relied entirely upon

4

vegetarians. Their standards were changing so quickly that it was risky to sanction a store with the Vegetarian Societies' mark of approval. It was agreed that an article be put in the British Vegetarian covering the problem of stearates and fat extenders in food and a representative would attend the next meeting of the National Association for Health at the House of Commons with a resolution for more informative labelling of products with especial reference to contents of animal origin.

A proposal to send a letter to all Health Food Stores request-ing certain information was agreed and on August 21st a second meeting was arranged when it was learned that 440 letters were sent. Already 104 replies had been received from London and the Home Counties with one commentator remarking that he was glad somebody was sitting up and taking notice concerning the checking of the food, etcetera.

Further information concerning the above questionnaire will be published later. The meeting then proceeded to discuss the help required from the individual consumer and to stress how necessary it is for EACH ONE OF US—that is—YOU and ME to be continually asking and checking in the Health Stores and departments of the orthodox shops concerning the ingredients of the food we eat. Only in this way will we be able to convince the salesman that we really care and are interested.

S.C. CONGRATULATIONS

To George and Celia Tintner to whom a daughter, Esmerelda Miriam, was born on February 23rd. Her older sister celebrated her second birthday on July 9th. Those of our members fortunate enough to be able to go, will remember Mr. Tintner's concerts at the Festival Hall last September.

When he has the time (he is very busy at Sadler's Wells at the moment) George has promised to pass on some of his interesting experiences as a (vegan) Orchestral Conductor in several countries.

ANTHRAX Anthrax, once called murrain, has long been a problem in

wool-production and fatstock farming. In a technical examina-tion of the problem, a Regional Veterinary Officer (Veterinary Record, 1969, 85, 89) pointed out the danger, amongst many others, of infected hides. The problem is severe near tanneries: for instance, an the Nene valley in the shoemaking county of Northants., the riparian pastures are so contaminated with anthrax-containing effluents that it is difficult to keep cattle alive on riverside grazings, unless they are vaccinated.

Corfam and Clarino, and now Marks and Spencer's Poroma are excellent alternatives to leather for shoe-uppers. In curtail-ing the spread of anthTax they display an extra asset.

A L A N LONG.

5

FROM THE NATIONAL DAILIES New Milk Record

The Milk Marketing Board stated, in August, that not only are milk yields from British cows back to normal but there are now 50,000 more cows on British farms than there were a year ago. The result: " A record f lood" of more than 195 million gallons of milk in July (Daily Express).

The Times estimates that for the current " milk year which ends in March , 1970, the total production will be aTound 2,240 million gallons, an increase of 70 million gallons over the year. " The total increase in revenue is expected to be about four million pounds."

However, the excess production of this commodity brings its problems and there may be sufferers other than the cows. Warning comes from Paris that the Common Market countries are " simply dripping with surplus milk and butter " due to the " fat and very over-productive cow. She is merely the innocent victim of farmers' demands, politicians' vote-conscious minds, and modern techniques which enable her to produce more milk than ever before " (Daily Mail).

Common Market When the Common Market governments decided to fix

exhorbitant prices for dairy produce and then guaranteed to buy up all the farmers produced (in contrast to Great Britain where farmers are subsidised by direct payments) they had not bargained for the sudden and unprecedented quantities of milk and butter which rapidly and chronically outstripped the demand. One million, four hundred thousand tons of butter were produced in a year and in April two hundred and seventy thousand tons of it were stacked away in storage (at a cost of 8/3d. a ton), an embarrassing and unwanted surplus.

Various suggestions for disposing of it have been made and some have been tried, but with little success so far (one would authorise farmers to feed the butter back to the cows!). Mean-while the butter is piling up, and in this country a fourteen-year-old cow, Churchwell Ever Clarrie, has won the " lifetime produc-tion " contest at the Three Counties Show, Malvern, for her contribution: sixty-six TONS of milk. To enable her to reach this quantity she has borne ten calves and is now carrying her eleventh.

Milk is only one problem vegans are spared. Dyed egg yolks we have already mentioned, now poultry men have been warned that dyeing the shells of eggs (for the extra 6d. a dozen) is an offence under the new Trades Descriptions Act and, accord-ing to one egg packing station, the process can make eggs go bad (Daily Express).

6

And Cheese From time to time we read warnings about the possibly

dangerous effect of eating cheese after taking certain anti-depressant drugs (severe headaches, high blood pressure, acute cardiac failure, and inter-cranial haemorrhage resulting in death in some cases). It has been suggested that a warning notice .t9 this effect should accompany every dose of such a drug. Fine. But why not with every piece of cheese as well? " There are some people who cannot eat cheese without getting a headache, others dare not eat cheese after 6 p.m. or they get nightmares," (Evening News).

Milk Inqniry An investigation into the effects, on human health, of drinking

cows' milk is to be undertaken. It is expected to take three years, and the estimated cost will be around £360,000. As the money is being put up by the Milk Promotion Group of the Inter-national Dairy Federation, the researchers will be expected to come up with some sound proofs of the value of milk as a food. It will be interesting to see the results. ,

Dirty Ice Cream Earlier this year we learned that the lack of regulations

covering the marketing and purity of fresh cream was causing concern in the departments of public health, now the Westminster Council is bothered by "p i ra te" ice-cream and hot-dog vendors who flagrantly ignore the hygiene requirements drawn up for the protection of the (ice-cream-and hot:dog-consuming) public. Public Health inspectors have been threatened with violence by these get-rich-quick pirates (Daily Express).

Meat Quote " We believe we have a world-beater (a new hybrid pig);

this new type of animal, which is the equivalent of the broiler chicken, will also give our housewives leaner pork and bacon at lower cost." Mr. Roger Mills, a director of the Company which " developed " the new pig (Daily1 Express).

Milk-borne diseases From next year the Royal Show will accept cattle; only from

herds which are free from brucellosis. The disease costs £2 million a year in lost calves and milk and can cause long and painful illness in people who contract it by drinking milk, from infected cows (Daily Mail).

Export of farm animals Bacon soared to a record price this summer as pigs are now

being exported at the rate of two thousand a week;

7

At present exporters can obtain licences to export " huge numbers " of calves or pigs over a twelve month period. Sub-stantial unused licences granted for calves last year are still theoretically valid, and dealers and exporters are planning to ship thousands a week this autumn.

Since March, 40,000 young rearing pigs have been shipped and exporters claim to have orders totalling about 150,000 for the rest of the year. More than two thirds of the spring lambs on sale at one market were exported. Sir Peter Runge, chairman of the British National Export Council was quoted as saying: " We are at last developing our export trade to South America (of farm animals) and I don't want to see any checks " (Daily Mail).

In a later copy of the same paper John Winter in his " Farm M a i l " column continues: —

" Allegations that under-weight calves are being ' fiddled ' through Government export inspections in a frantic rush to beat the suspension of export licences are being investigated by the Ministry of Agriculture.

" A home buyer who supplies calves to farmer-rearers has told the Ministry that at West Country markets export buyers are taking calves which are clearly under the 110 lb. minimum weight at which they are allowed to leave this country.

" It is claimed that they are being fed excessive quantities of milk substitute to increase their weight and get them past the check made on all export animals by Ministry veterinary officers. Since the two-month ban on new licences was clamped down on August 6th the weekly shipments of calves to Belgium and France under existing licences has quadrupled."

Baby Feeding The trend away from natural feeding for babies was com-

mented upon in the Daily Mail on August 19th. After raising the question of why so many young women switch to bottle feeding " as soon as they escape from the clutches of the maternity ward " the writer goes on:

" In the early weeks, when a baby's digestion is delicate, breast feeding ensures against the disturbances that a bottle-fed baby may have to endure before his mother finds the right formula.

" R i s k of outside infection is lower, too, out of 15,000 infant deaths a year, possibly 500 are now thought to be due to an allergic hypersensitivity to cows' milk."

But her conclusions are that " it is roughly 90% more convenient just to mix a bottle. If this makes her feel like a courted fiancee (rather than a wife and mother—ED.)—bully for her." It's a sad, sad, world. 8

Bobby Calves In " Farm Mail" in the same paper, John Winter writes: " Bobby Calf, which was saved from slaughter at a few days

old to appear at last year's Royal International Dairy Show, will be exhibited again at this year's Show.

" He is now a bouncing nine hundredweight beef steer which any butcher would buy.

"His come-back to the show, which opens at Olympia on October 21st, is an attempt to stop the wasteful slaughter every year of 670,000 young calves, many of which could be reared into good beef animals like Bobby.

" Mr. Edward Bowden, chairman of the beef, sheep and veal Committees, said: ' In the past ten years 8.25 million calves have been lost either through death or slaughter shortly after birth.'

" Bobby . . . will be sold to a butcher after the show." " EVXTA " .

FROM A VICE-PRESIDENT

I am looking forward to meeting many of you and your friends when we celebrate our first quarter-century with a Social Event at the Cora Hotel on December 6th. Please send to 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex, as soon as possible if you wish to book tickets (5/- each will reserve). Dress is optional, nothing wiJl be out of place.

For the convenience of out-of-town members, some from overseas, the Annual General Meeting will be held just before the Dinner this year. They can then attend both meetings with only one overnight stay.

Upper Woburn Place adjoins Tavistock Square and Euston Road and is within easy walking distance of both Russell Square and Kings Cross Station. There is adequate parking space near the Cora at the weekend.

We know that many of our. members have no other vegans living nearby and may sometimes feel alone and out of things. Come along and meet other members, friends and near-vegan sympathisers, and help to make our 25th birthday an occasion to be remembered with pleasure for long afterwards.

Those who cannot be with us may like to send a message of goodwill, or perhaps another kind of Birthday present. It will be very welcome and help the Society in a practical way. Although this Society does not make regular appeals for dona-tions, we are fortunate in having a number of members who send a little extra with their subscriptions or help in other ways.

Until our 25th then, cheerio. E.B.

9

MEAT AND MILK FARMING The article " Epitaph for the Country" (Daily Telegraph,

April 18th, 1969) contained some interesting facts and comments concerning farming in general and milk production in particular.

A few figures make one think: — " England has to feed a population of 185 million, only twelve

million of which are people. We eat the remaining 173 million members of the population (cows, sheep, pigs, poultry) at the rate of £ million pigs and 4j million chickens a week. To keep the home stomachs bursting an average bull will sire (by A.I.D.) between 25,000 and 60,000 calves during his dreary fecund years.

" . . . (we have) a diminishing potential area of forty-eight million acres. But every ten years we lose 500,000 acres to urban and industrial development—that equals the size of Oxfordshire."

On the subject of cows and milk, a dairy farmer is quoted in the same magazine: —

" I believe I've now got the formula. I've got a target of four cows per acre, which is very intensive. The break-even point is 500 gallons a year. If you get that from a cow your costs are covered. Fifteen of mine are producing 1,000 gallons and a few over 1,200 gallons—it averages out at 800 gallons per cow, fifty above the national average for the Channel Islands. You have to reckon this out to the last penny. It costs fourteen pence per gallon to feed a cow on silage and fifteen pence to feed it on straw and balancers. But at last I feel I 'M on the right track and forging ahead.

" Yet I get worried. This is the only viable way to operate today, but in Britain we are driving the land very hard. I don't say we're harming it but today's methods are, well prodigal. Are we doing enough to replenish it? Are we replanting enough trees? Are we keeping up the humus content? Last spring the Fen country was practically a dust bowl after a spell of dry weather. I view the situation with a touch of apprehension."

So d o we!—ED.

TREASURER'S THANKS Our assets were considerably more than £1,000 at the year

ending September 30th, 1968, and this means that the Vegan Society has been well supported by members and friends this year.

Time and money have been saved by not sending receipts but please continue sending the wherewithal to carry on and develop the Vegan Society, and thank you all very much for what you have already done.

GRACE SMITH.

10

From the balance sheet members will notice that our financial position has considerably improved and we have been able to reach a certain amount of stability with the aid of loyal supporters who send us fairly regular donations and by the exercise of the strictest economy. For instance, the officers and committee members pay all their own expenses, telephone, postage, fares, etc., and donate the refreshments, etc., whenever we have a meeting or stall.

However, as we grow the time is fast approaching when we shall not be able to count on all this free accommodation, as we shall soon need a full-time Secretary, our own 'phone and other office equipment and possibly even premises. All this time we have been very fortunate in our friends who have loaned the use of a room for our meetings, and others house all our stationery and allow us the use of their typewriters, telephone, etc. We appreciate this very much indeed, but when we do have to set up house for ourselves, we shall need every penny we have and more.

Now we have to decide on the next step forward. It must be within our means and, more important, it must be reasonably sure of achieving our aims, i.e., to further the cause of veganism by bringing the facts to a much wider circle of people.

We shall be glad to have the ideas of our members on this. We badly need help with the production of the magazine.

If this could be put on an economic level—by someone with experience and some spare time to get advertisements, we could distribute this widely for propaganda purposes. We feel this would be money wisely used, but at present it is economically impossible.

We have few meetings (because our members are so widely and thinly spread that not many could attend) and some lectures usually organised by other societies. These methods are probably the best ways to reach those who may be only slightly interested or have open minds about veganism, because it affords an opportunity for the audience to get answers to their doubts and problems " on the spot".

If meetings, coffee evenings' and lectures could be arranged up and down the country by the members in the district, the committee would supply a speaker and if necessary some general advice on how to go about organising, leafleting, and advertising.

The organisation of such meetings will be helped considerably by the publication of members' addresses to facilitate com-munication.

We should like your comments on this also, especially if you do not agree. Please say why, as we feel that if most people prefer not to be contacted, this would be a barrier to the further development of the Society.

11

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR 1967

18 151 115

16 5

35 31

369

20 6 7

EXPENDITURE

Secretarial Expenses and Duplicating Secretary's Salary Postage, Stationery and Telephone Advertising and Propaganda ... Annua] General Meeting Honorariums Literature " The Vegan " cost of printing

Less Income from Sales ... £44 Income from Advertising £109

DONATIONS AND AFFILIATION F E E : Nature Cure Clinic International Vegetarian Union Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre

Animals Fair Sundries Delegate to India Balance, being Exccss

Expenditure

£ s. d.

8 11 0 9

408 7 8

153 9 8

3 2 3

of Income over

23 145 98 44 12

254

8 10

50

309

£773

BALANCE SHEET AS AT

1 9 6 7 LIABILITIES

£ £ s. d. £ s. d. ACCUMULATED F U N D Balance at 30th September, 1967 1,096 10 9 Add—Excess of Income over Expenditure

for the year to date 309 11 4 1,096 1,406 2 1

£1,096 £1,406 2 I

THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30th, 1968 1 9 6 7 INCOME

312 Donations 290 Subscriptions

62 Literature (Profit on Sales) ... 5 Badges (Profit on Sales)

— Garden and September Meetings 19 Animal Fair — Income Tax Recovered 23 Bank Interest 13 Dividends 17 Profit on Sales of Investments — Returned Donation — Returned Honorarium

7 Miscellaneous 25 Excess of Expenditure over Income

£ s. d. 368 0 4 328 19 6 46 15 0

3 5 3 19 10 0 27 5 3 29 1 3 21 10 8 78 17 9 10 0 0 25 0 0

£773 £958 5 0

SEPTEMBER 30th, 1968 1967

£ A S S E T S

124 238

INVESTMENTS AT C O S T 1,000 Shares H. A. Saunders Limited 100 Electrical and Musical Industries 200 Associated Paper Mills

STOCKS OF LITERATURE AT C O S T STOCKS OF BADGES AT C O S T

DEBTORS BALANCE AT WESTMINSTER BANK LIMITED Current Account

£ s. d.

208 2 9 260 8 1

97 8 6

75 0 II 4

£ s. d.

565 19 4

86 4 0

753 18 9

£1,406 2 1

I have prepared the foregoing accounts and certify that they are drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view of the state of the above business as shown by the books.

7th November, 1968. 13 Southampton Place, High Holborn, W.C.I.

(Signed) T . E . LEACOCK, Chartered Accountant.

13

COMMODITIES The 100% wholemeal loaf from branches of the A.B.C. (see

last issue) is always sliced, we asked the bakers if this could be made available unsliced.

Their reply was that they hope to produce an unsliced vegan wholemeal loaf within the next few weeks.

Vegan and Wholefood Under this heading we list all food products and recipes—

which we recommend on a nutritional as well as a non-animal basis, and the first in this quarter is: —

Vitam ' R ' Yeast Extract and flakes, generally on sale in the Reformhausen of Germany and Switzerland and now made avail-able to us by Hunzana Foods Ltd. What is so special about Vitam ' R ' is the method of production as the yeast is formed by the action of the yeast plant enzymes on molasses, it is not a by-product of the brewing industry. Sea salt only is used—and a salt-free variety is also available. No chemicals are used at any stage in the preparation of Vitam ' R ' .

Also from Hunzana in the near future: Sesame Cream, dehydrated vegetables, curried beans, " Sun-Sip" fruit juices, canned fruits, jam, cashew meal and edible sea-weeds. AJ1 are vegan and wholefood, only unbleached sugar and sea salt are used where necessary.

J. Lyons and Co. tell us that all their wheatmeal breads contain animal fat, but that the Slim-Vita loaf is vegan.

Grays of Worcester Ltd. Date and Walnut Dessert (vegan and wholefood) is a delightful and energy-giving sweetmeat made from Tunisian dates and walnuts. Just the thing to help the sweet-toothed trying to cure himself of sugar addiction. Very satisfying, therefore economical.

Kypp from Sveda Health Products is an Instant Health Drink made in Israel. Made from the soluble solids of malt and chicory, Kypp is a caffeine free alternative to coffee. Vegan and wholefood.

Washing Powder. Big" S " from P.S.T. Co. is vegan.

Men's Wear A variety of trousers and " separates " for men, not contain-

ing wool, have been in the shops for some time (Koratron, etc.). Now we have the fully tailored suit.

" Who says suits won't wash?" is the heading of an advertise-ment for Crimplene suits for men. Although the initial cost is 14

somewhat higher than woollen suits or mixtures, the all-Crimplene suit has none of the disadvantages of the animal product, wears longer, keeps its shape, and can easily be kept clean at all times, with no dry cleaning costs. From Home Bros, in all the principal cities in the U.K.

" Is there anything as warm as wool for ' next to the skin' wear?"

In answer to several requests along these lines, we did some experimenting last winter and we can thoroughly recommend Thermawear. The material is vegan, easily washable, and avail-able in various types of underwear, and several different weights and weaves. It is made by Damart Thermawear (Bradford) Ltd., and can be seen, and purchased, in their premises at Oxford Circus, or write for illustrated leaflet to Bowling Green Mills, P.O. Box 23, Bingley, Yorks.

Films We have been asked about photographic film, so we con-

tacted Kodak for information. They have replied: — " The main constituents of all photographic materials are silver

and gelatine. Since gelatine is a complex protein formed by the hydrolysis of collagen which originates in animal cartilages and bones, all photographic materials can be considered to be basically of animal origin."

Footwear Marks and Spencer Limited have recently introduced a new

non^leather shoe which has a poromeric upper, called Poromar. These shoes, as well as the usual vinyl styles on sale in the

stores are entirely leather-free. The two Poromar models we examined were fairly wide

fitting court styles with squarish toes and low heels. They are priced at 39 / l id .

Mary Quant were showing boots with a high " novelty value" at a recent trade show, some of which were also very attractive—and vegan.

Angels knee-high in black or white stretch lace. Gladiator with solid fronts and strap backs in pale shades and Double-crossers with thonged backs, also in several shades were all completely vegan. But the Diabolo thigh boots have leather welts, I am told, so these are out. A pity. I rather liked the black ones!

Artists' Brushes Our readers will be pleased to learn that the new artists

brushes, with Tynex bristles, are now being used in schools as they have a far longer life than hog bristles and their extra

15

toughness makes them most suitable for this purpose. Made by Reeves and Sons Ltd., they are: Tempera Brushes series 634 flat, and 635 round. Both types are available in five sizes, 4—12.

Originally made for schools, these brushes are now available singly from the artists supplies counter and are modestly priced at 2 / - to 2 /8 according to size.

(I would have liked to try these for myself but alas, my artistic skill extends no farther than painting the back fence.)

MY COLUMN Passing through London ?

Mr. W. Wright, our Librarian Enfield. Middlesex. Oi - 363 9287), is always pleased to meet and enter-tain other vegans and, provided visitors do not mind " camp bed " accommodation, will be happy to put them up overnight. Please give as much notice as possible. Enfield is half an hour by train from Liverpool Street.

Sugar Consumption Readers may have been surprised to see in the Evening

News that we each eat 2£ lb. of sugar a week compared with 4 lbs. a week 200 years ago! It should, of course, have read: 4 lbs. a year 200 years ago. Average figures can be deceptive, and because of vegans and other food reformers—and slimmers, who take very little if any sugar, the consumption of those who do use it must be somewhere near the 4 lbs. a week figure mistakenly quoted for 1770.

Herbs—How, Why and When to Use— and where to get them is also a problem for many. Interested mem'bers should write to Mr. H. Footer who carries a wide range of herbs and will be happy to supply readers by post. Write to him f this service and list of available supplies to: , London, N.l.

Otter Hunting At the time of writing Mr. Edwin Brooks, M.P. for Belvington,

continues his attempts to reintroduce his Otter Protection Bill into the House. As most of our readers will know, this All Party Bill was first introduced last May but on its Second Reading was blocked by blood sportsmen. Letters to your M.P.s urging support will be most useful therefore. In a National Opinion Poll recently 70% stated they were opposed to the hunting of otters with dogs, and only 11% approved. It is time the law was changed.

It is unnecessary to go into details about the cruelty of otter ' 16

J

hunting (or any other bloodsport) as most of our members will be well aware of the facts, but for those interested there is a helpful two-colour booklet " Otters in Danger" available from the League Against Cruel Sports at 17-21 Chandos House, Buckingham Gate, London, S.W.I. We believe there is no charge but suggest readers enclose a postal order towards the costs which we know are heavy.

RECIPE BROWN RICE AND VEGETABLES

(Highly recommended) £ lb. cooked brown rice 2 ozs. wholemeal 1 lb. tomatoes 'breadcrumbs 2 ozs. chopped nuts 1 medium onion, chopped

(walnuts are suitable) and fried METHOD: Wash and boil rice in | pint of water for ten to

fifteen minutes. Turn to a very low heat and cook slowly until cooked—\\ to 2 hours. A double boiler is ideal for this. Add more water or stock as necessary, but liquid should be absorbed when rice is cooked. (If needed for the midday meal the rice can be cooked the previous day.)

Place cooked onions in pie dish, add a layer of cooked rice, a layer of thickly sliced tomatoes, sprinkle over the nuts and cover with breadcrumbs. Bake in a hot oven—350° for thirty minutes.

Whole wheat can be used in place of rice for a change, when no nuts are handy this gives a fine nutty consistency. Many variations can be concocted with the basic cooked rice or wheat, onions, tomatoes, and nuts. Add mushrooms, thinly sliced carrot or other root vegetable or celery to the onions while cooking. Or add a good teaspoonful of soy sauce to give a new and delicious flavour to this nutritious dish. Versatile, it can be served hot with a green vegetable and potatoes or cold with salad.

MILK v. MILK Many of our members subscribe to the AV Times and will

have seen the excellent article on cow milk production—and the humane alternatives—in the August issue.

Headed " This firm takes the Pain out of a Pinta " it explains how milk is over-produced for commercial reasons, the unavoid-able suffering which must accompany the dairy business, and finishes with some facts about Plamil and its nutritional value.

We should like to congratulate the AV Times on this article which provides the answers to all those who ask " Why do you not drink milk?"

17

" HUNZANA" OPENS UP SESAME Sesame (Tahini or Til=Ground Sesame)

This valuable plant is grown commercially in the Middle East, and also in Greece, Yugoslavia, Turkey, India and China. These countries make various forms of confectionery with the seeds, and they are also used in savoury dishes.

The incidence of heart trouble in these areas is significantly different from that of the West, and it has only recently been realised, and assumed, that the high unsaturated oil content of sesame, and several other oil-rich seeds, probably plays a great part in this phenomenon. Sesame oil is exceptionally rich in oleic and linoleic fatty acids, which are now so highly recom-mended for keeping the arterial walls supple.

Sesame contains over 18% protein, and there is a useful iron content which is readily assimilable, but perhaps to many who have reason to believe they need more calcium there is another major virtue. It actually has the highest calcium content of any known foods and calcium, like any other essential mineral or trace element, is best taken in a form that is completely natural. Anything else about this wonderful seed? Yes, it has a very high Vitamin E rating, and most people have far too little of this. For vitality and virility, even into old age, Vitamin E, oxygen and cold water are essential.

" Hunzana " have made plans to ensure that Sesame, in one form or another, is going to be much more easily available. Ground sesame is used in the confection known as " Halva " throughout Greece, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Turkey, but Israel is developing its production fast. There are many varieties. In India, where Sesame is known as Til, Halvah means another type of confection entirely—more akin to Turkish Delight.

I well remember Hugh Mapleton importing some Halva from Greece, and this was always delicious, but I had mixed feelings, because here was something vital and health-giving, combined with bleached white sugar, glucose, egg white and very often artificial flavouring. I determined to do something about this when I could, and am extremely happy that "Hunzana" is putting on the market Halvas that will delight wholefooders, and vegans, as well as nearly everyone else.

Sesame Cream can be put to several uses, and announcements will be made from time to time of new products incorporating it, but keep a supply in the house. It can be used in the following ways, among many others: —

(1) As an addition to salads, cereals, soups, or as a spread. (2) with one-third molasses added instead of sugar for tea,

coffee, etc. Sesame should not be added to the drink direct, as it will not then mix well. 18

(3) As mayonnaise, with lemon juice and parsley, with or without garlic.

(4) As an ideal fat for baking wholewheat cakes, etc. A little can be usefully added when baking bread.

(5) As a drink for babies, one or two teaspoonsful in a glass of water, with a little molasses.

(6) With one-third molasses, or malt, or carob flour—makes a confection that looks and tastes like chocolate, but is decidedly more health-giving.

EDWARD T . BANKS.

WELCOME PUBLICITY FOR A VEGAN PRODUCT Plamil plantmilk recently appeared on television for the third

time. Tyne-Tees T.V. spent a day filming at the Langley factory of Plantmilk Ltd., the programme being later screened in the north-east.

A Newcastle viewer who saw the programme writes to say that it was well presented and was " a good advertisement for plantmijk." y

The two other T.V. documentaries featuring Plamil plantmilk were by Anglia Television and the B.B.C.

A full-page article, with pictures, has appeared in the Farmers' Weekly, and the Central Office of Information also spent a morning at the factory taking photographs which have appeared, with articles, in newspapers and magazines all over the world.

CORRECTION Thank you to all who spotted the error in the last issue and

were good enough to point it out to us. (Reserve these Dates, page 16.)

We used the expression " organic compost", whereas it should of course, have been vegetable organic or veganic compost. Most of our readers will readily appreciate the very important differ-ence, for " organically grown" food has more than likely been "nourished" on dried blood, rabbit skins, hoof and horn meal —in fact any kind of slaughterhouse waste available.

Veganic methods of food production, with pictorial evidence of the wonderful results, will be fully explained by Mr. Kenneth O'Brien at the meeting in Kensington later this month (September 27th). See advertisement elsewhere.

We are pleased to learn that interest in these truly natural methods of gardening is steadily increasing, Mr. O'Brien having given thirty-four lectures and broadcasts on the subject already this year.

19

THE VEGAN QUESTIONNAIRE Forms are still trickling in, but we have probably heard from

nearly all who are interested by now (30%) and an encouraging and interesting picture emerges.

Over 90% of those who replied claim to be in good health, 9 % said only average, and less than 1% described their health as " poor ".

18% of the complete vegans were over seventy years of age (several of these had the most 'beautiful handwriting!).

About 75% are complete vegans (food wise), only one in four being an Associate.

87% of the vegans supplement their diet with vitamin B12 either in food such as Plamil or in tablet form.

75% of the near-vegans add B1 2 . One example of many is a lady of fifty-nine who has been on a completely vegan diet for forty-four years with no added B1 2 at any time. She enjoys good health, probably the change-over at the age of fifteen years suited her both physically and emotionally.

Our oldest member is ninety-two. Unfortunately she is now in a home where she has ordinary vegetarian meals.

We should like to hear from the other 70% of our members. Anyone willing to co-operate who has mislaid the form should apply to Miss T. Larkin at 48 Dunmow Gardens, West Horndon, Brentwood, Essex, for another copy. The details supplied are treated as confidential and will not be published.

VERY WELCOME PUBLICITY We were very pleased to hear the following announcement

on the radio last June: — " Mr. Jack McClelland of Belfast is a Channel swimmer and

in Norwich last night he issued a challenge to all meat eaters; a challenge to run against him for ten miles, cycle ten miles, and then round it all off by swimming ten miles. Well, Mr. McClelland is a complete vegetarian, a vegan, and Tony Scase who enjoys a steak with the rest of us asked him how he could possibly do all this on lettuce and nut cutlets."

To this Jack replied: — " Tony, I marvel at the people who swim channels without

the aids of these foods. I think they are the ideal foods for healthy living."

Other questions followed which enabled him to introduce not only the important aspects of vegan nutrition but also the moral and humane principles of veganism. For instance, asked about his diet in training for a big marathon swim, Jack said: —

" My normal food over the year, of course, is completely vegan, that is I don't eat meat, fish, chicken, eggs, cheese, milk 20

or honey. Just prior to a swim I would abstain from all solid foods and probably have vegetable and fruit juices because they are quickly assimilated."

And again: — Tony Scase: " But can you really get a balanced diet to enable

you to live a full-blooded life?" (This in spite of the fact that a very full-blooded, all-round, record-breaking sportsman sits in front of him!)

Jack: " O F COURSE! The biggest animal in the world is an elephant—he is a vegetarian, the strongest animal is a gorilla —he is a vegetarian, the fastest animal is a gazelle—he is a vegetarian, and the longest living animal is a tortoise—and he is a vegetarian! " .

Naturally when Jack says " vegetarian " he is referring to the real vegetarians—the vegans.

Mr. McClelland has been kept very busy of late, lecturing up and down the country about his diet and how he trains for his various athletic activities on pure, simple, vegan food. In Exeter, for instance, he had an overspill audience of 400 people to whom he spoke for hours about veganism—then they had a " second house "!

Some of the papers in Ireland have been making a feature of his recommended diet on the sports pages. We, and vege-tarians everywhere, are deeply indebted to him, and to the manu-facturers of Bio Strath who have made all this possible.

DEED OF COVENANT The Vegan Society, being a charity, is not liable to income

tax. Supporters who pay income tax at the full rate and who are prepared to complete a Seven-Year Covenant, to pay an annual sum to the Vegan Society, can substantially increase the value to the Vegan Society of their annual payment. For instance, if a supporter gave £2 2s. Od. per annum, the Vegan Society can recover income tax from the Inland Revenue of £1 9s. 6d. and so in proportion for larger or smaller payments. In the event of death the covenant terminates at once. For further information and Form of Covenant please write to: The Treasurer, Mrs. Grace Smith, , London, N.14.

Contributions for publication should be typed (or clearly written) on one side of the paper only. Please enclose a stamped, addressed envelope if return is requested.

WRITE TO " THE VEGAN " Contributions for publication should be typed (or 'clearly

written) on one side of the paper only. Please enclose a stamped, addressed envelope if return is requested.

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THE EARTH ALMOND OR CHUFANUT (or Tiger Nut)

The earth almond has long been known in Egypt and also Southern Europe, as a nourishing food. Healing qualities are also attributed to it, particularly against tuberculosis, stomach and intestinal diseases and haemorrhages.

The Spaniards and Egyptians prepared drinks for nursing mothers, and they can be given to children at the age of two, raw or ground, and also to people with defective teeth.

In flavour the earth almond is compared to almonds, coco-nuts and chestnuts. In content they have fat, saccharose (raw sugar) and a favourable proportion of proteins similar in composi-tion to mothers milk. They contain linolaics and lipase, making them easily .digestible, and vitamins A, Bl, D, E and F also provitamin Carotine.

The mineral substances contained are silicious acid, iron, calcium, lime, sodium, phosphorous acid, magnesium and sul-phuric acid, and traces of manganate and borate. The healing qualities are derived from the presence of phytonzide.

The pure protein content is approximately 80% albumin, 10% gliadine and 10% globulin.

The uses of the earth almond are varied. They can be used ground in cakes and sprinkled over muesli, and can be mixed with other ground nuts to improve their flavour. A milk, also, can be prepared from them which makes a very refreshing as well as nutritious drink.

Of course, the earth almond can be eaten as it is. In fact it provides an easy food for children to ta:ke with them to school, with apples, as their mid-morning meal.

(The above is a summary of the information given to us, and compiled by Mrs. Kredo of Israel.)

MARIGOLD FOODS LTD.

DIETARY SUGGESTIONS The following is intended merely as a guide, for typically

vegan meals. On Rising.—Any kind of fruit juice as available, a herb

drink with fresh lemon juice, or water. Breakfast.—Wholegrain cereal, oatmeal, ctc., or; Soaked dried

fruit or fresh fruit, with or without a vegetable milk, or; Muesli, or; Wholemeal toast with grilled tomatoes, or yeast extract.

Midday.—Vegetable soup. A raw salad; grated root vege-tables may be added to leafy green ones but not a wide variety at one time; A few nuts, whole or grated. Wholemeal bread with Barmenc and, if liked, some nut butter or vegan margarine, used sparingly. (A potato baked in its skin would be a good

22

alternative to bread, the yeast extract can still be added to this.) Serve salads with a dressing of vegetable oil, such as sunflower, or a mixture of oil and lemon juice. Followed by a sweet such as a " milk" pudding (rice or Barley Kernels for instance), made with vegetable milk.

Evening Meal.—A savoury dish containing whole rice, wheat, soya or nuts (if not in midday meal), with two or three vegetables in season, cooked or raw. A dash of Tamari Soy Sauce if liked. Fruit in season or soaked dried fruit—with nuts if not in earlier dishes.

The Midday and Evening Meal can be transposed but one at least should contain a good protein such as nuts, (especially almonds, Brazils, cashews, peanuts) lentils or other legumes, or a wholewheat dish. All vegetables may be scrubbed and cooked with skins on, and potatoes in their jackets can be served with either meal. Sea salt may be added for flavour.

Variations.—Seeds such as sunflower may replace nuts for a change. Yeast and wheat germ are valuable additions to any dish and can be added to soups, savoury dishes, breakfast cereals, etc.

Soya flour. Add a little to savouries, soups and bread dough, etc. Soya should always be cooked.

Lentils can replace nuts in savoury dishes. Sprouted grains and seeds of all kinds can be added to hot or

cold meals. These cost little and can be easily sprouted. Vege-table oils are far superior to hydrogenated fats. For sweetness rely as much as possible on dried fruit—soaked apricots, sultanas, etc. When sugar is used it should be unrefined.

LITERATURE Membership of The Vegan Society—Annual Subscription 1 5 / -Associate Membership 15/ -Life Membership £10 10s. Od. The Vegan quarterly journal is free with membership: — Single current copy 2/6d. plus 4d. postage LITERATURE Handbook of Practical Veganism 2/6d. plus 4d. postage Vegan Protein Nutrition 1 / - plus 4d. postage (These two books plus The Vegani magazine together weigh under 4 ozs., so only one 4d. postage need be allowed.) Quick and Easy Menus for a Fortnight, with recipes— by K. Keleny 3 / Id . post free Vegan Recipes (100 on ten sheets) l /10d. post free Aids to a Vegan Diet for Children 1 / - plus 4d. postage Vegan & Vegetarian Foods & Commodities Guide 2 / - plus 4d. postage Vegan Badge 10/— post free Festive Recipes lOd. post free Why Kill for Food? by G. Rudd 5 / - plus lOd. postage Crimes Against Creation, compiled by Marie Dreyfus ... £1 plus postage Please write to : Vegan Society Sec., 82 Brightfield Road, London, S.E.12.

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PERSONAL CARDS Our thanks to those members who sent in their comments

and suggestions for the Vegan Personal Cards. As a result we have added " Blood Group, if known", and another line for those of our members who do not want to receive even vegan blood. It will be a simple matter for the holder of the card to cancel out one line or the other to make their wishes on this matter quite clear.

The cards will be ready in December and details of where to send will be in the next issue of this magazine.

HUNZANA FOODS Dulse (Rotdymena Palmate)

This particular dulse comes from the wild Atlantic off the west coast of Ireland, and is brought in by Jack McClelland, who has used it regularly in his international swimming feats.

Dulse contains valuable mineral and trace elements and is rich in Niacin.

It has, in many parts of the world, been eaten raw, for centuries, but it is more generally boiled or steamed, and eaten with a savoury dish. Sometimes it is cooked in oil and milk and it is good added to stews.

Gertrude Hambourg, an authority on catering, endorses not only its dietetic value, but also that it can be a delicious dis-covery to most people. She warmly recommends it.

Kelp (Ascophylluni) This is rather strong flavoured and needs to be used sparingly,

but it is probably the seaplant with the richest store of minerals and vitamins that we know. little can be added to soups, stews, and savouries, to the advantage of one's health.

Carragheen (Chondrus) A jellying agent—widely used also as an emulsifier. It is

excellent for dessert moulds and also as a thickener for soups and gravies.

Some use it to add body to drinks, and, combined with cocoa, it makes a smooth and pleasant beverage.

EDWARD BANKS.

Y O U R L E T T E R S

We welcome controversy on any subject relevant to veganism, but claims on space are heavy. Please, therefore, be as brief as possible. Full name and address must be given, although a pseudonym may be provided for publication. 24

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Having read Mrs. Cole's reply to Mr. Bonnie (Summer issue),

I thought you might be interested to hear of my own experience when I had broken a leg skiing in Switzerland.

More through the desire to experiment than through any sense of martyrdom to a cause, I did reject anaesthetics, both for having the bone set, and for easing the pain over the next few days. The doctor was aghast at my refusal, but finally said that if I preferred to lie awake in agony every night, okay!

However, I had no such intention. I fasted for the next week, and at no time was the pain intense, and after the third day, it was almost completely absent. In fact the initial "iside-effects " of fasting—a slight head and .back ache—were far more inconvenient than my broken limb! Everyone, including the doctor, was astounded at my rate of recovery.

JENNY GAGE

It was interesting to read in the Spring number of The Vegan that there is a doctor who prescribes vegan diets. I had always thought that while a large proportion of those who become lacto-vegetarians do so for health reasons, vegans are dedicated on ethical grounds. Apparently this is not always so. This may explain a recent incident which shocked me. During a tea break between meetings I found a " vegan " family eating non-vegan sandwiches and cakes and drinking tea with cows' milk in it. I now realise they could have been breaking a diet— not a principle.

However the point does arise, ought those who have whatever is provided "when we go visiting" to call themselves vegans? They not only dim the Society's image but miss an opportunity to explain its aims. If arrangements for suitable food cannot be made beforehand, they will not die from missing a meal, and it is nearly always possible to get tea without milk.

Marigold Foods Ltd. MEDITERRANEAN SEA SALT - - I l b . . , 1 / - ; 2 l b . , 3 / -

T I G E R N U T S and other Marigold Products

Also Now Available C A L E N D U L A S E S A M E S E E D O I L

ask at your local Health Food Shop

MARIGOLD FOODS LTD., 124 Seymour Place, London WIH 5DJ

25

It might be enlightening if future questionnaires to vegans asked:—

(a) Why did you become a vegan? (b) Do you compromise in your diet?

D.H.

With reference to the growing interest in Nylon Artist Brushes, your readers may like to know that I can supply a range of these brushes, and any other Artists Materials.

Please write or telephone: Dixon Supplies Co. Ltd., 331 Goswell Road, London, E.C.I. Telephone: 837 5537.

We run a postal and delivery service. I . • H . FOOTER.

This is to thank you for the help that you gave me in 1968 and the literature and pamphlets that I purchased from you. My query was the feeding of my baby on vegan lines—especially milk. Now she is two years and has been on nut milk, fruit juices and raw foods since nine months—plus her vitamin and mineral supplements, and I have never seen a baby like her. I have five children. She is so happy—always singing. Her speech' is incredibly clear and people think she is three years old— because she is also tall. Her natural instincts are remarkable— she knows what she should not have after having tasted it. Unfortunately my .other. children are still on vegetarian lines,, i.e., they take dairy produce and I can see how catarrh-forming it is—I have proved it on myself. If I eat too much cheese £nd drink milk, I 'm in a. shocking state. There is no doubt about it—milk is for the calf, not us humans! My family are gradually changing as it takes time to adjust oneself, i There is a lot of talk about a lack of this and a lack of that in a vegan diet, but as one lives on natural foods—one's senses. become keen and one knows what to take and what not to.

PATRICIA KLEIN.

I think the vegan diet is one which creates happiness— happiness in the knowledge that no sentient creature suffers so that others may eat. G P s

I became a lacto-vegetarian in November, 1967. I was turned against meat since I took a temporary job in a hotel, while I was having a " working holiday " in New Zealand.

In April I returned to Ireland, to have a holiday with myf folks. During that time I ate meat twice and was really ill, so, I vowed never to eat dead creatures again. ; I had never heard of vegans until I met Jack McClelland, in Belfast so when I learnt more about vegans I decided to. become one. I used Tomor margarine and only brought the

26

vegan biscuits and cakes mentioned in the "-Vegan Food Guide". The only reason I eat lacto-veg. marg. and cakes • now .'is' because I don't know of any in Australia which are completely vegan. I still buy vegan products which are mentioned in " The Vegan Food Guide" when I can get those brands here. I managed to convert my mother and one of my brothers into becoming lacto-vegetarians. We always enjoyed good health, but now we feel even better and fitter and we all have far-more energy. i . •

My mother left Belfast to live in Yorkshire recently: and : 'she sent me some Plamil and Plamil Fudge and chocolate which L was very pleased to receive. I mentioned the Plamal to two of the Health Stores in Perth, so I'm hoping at least one of these will import it to Western Australia. I use Soyagen here which is made both in powder and liquid form and contains vitamin B12 (similar to " Granogen ").

I would be very grateful if you could ask any Australian readers to let us know if they know of any vegan biscuits',or cakes. Also is there a vegan margarine available here?

c BABINGTON. (

Mosman Park, ' W. Australia 6012.

HUNZANA FOODS LTD. Yes, we know that it can be annoying to have to wait a little longer for some of our new standard productions, but everything we do is based upon organically grown raw materials from abroad as well as home and delays over harvesting, inspections, labels, shipments, and prices have to be expected. However, all is well under way, and by the time this appears, many of these lines ' will 'be in the stores. Please appreciate that we are pioneering something never previously done in order to give organic products to the 'health food world. Our directors are especially working on vegan productions. ! ' '

The Wild Apricots of the Hunzas and other Dried Fruits. ' Nut and seed milks, creams and savouries. Vegan Soups, and Vitam—R Yeast products with B,j. Entirely new Wholemeal Biscuits and unusual Jaggeri

confections. ' . Dehydrated organically grown vegetables, and Sea - Plants

that contain B l2 from Ireland and Japan:- " ' ••' • '• Sesame Cream—the richest known source of- calcium- in

any food. The answer to the much 'publicised BONE MEAL.

H U N Z A N A FOODS LTD., 34 Dryden Chambers, 119 Oxford Street, London, W. I

27

Pregnancy Tests Before I had my pregnancy test done, I was assured that it

involved no cruelty to animals. I have recently been making ' enquiries, and find that the test does indeed involve the exploita-tion of animals, but that those animals are subjected to com-paratively little discomfort, and are otherwise well taken care of.

Some firms advertise pregnancy testing, results by return of post, in return for two guineas, and a small urine sample. It is likely that these firms use the gravindex test kit, and do not use the lengthy procedure of injecting female urine into virgin mice or toads and seeing if, after being killed, they show signs of pregnancy. This latter test takes three weeks, while the gravindex test takes two minutes. I feel we should encourage firms to use the less cruel methods is every possible case. Many tests of substances, etc., can be assessed more reliably without using live animals.

In reply to my enquiry, Mr. Colin K. Campbell, Sales Manager of Orthod'iagnostics wrote as follows: —

" Thank you for your letter concerning the immunisation of animals for the preparation of antisera. As you will appreciate, Gravindex is an immunological test dependent on the interaction of human chorionic gonadotrophin and anti-human chorionic gonadtotrophin.

In order to produce an anti-human serum it is necessary to use an animal species as the human body cannot produce such an antibody against itself. This procedure does not harm the rabbits used as they are not killed in order to obtain the serum. In fact quite the reverse is true for any animal producing an immune response is a valuable commodity and is treated accordingly.

We hope that the above information will prove helpful but if we can be of further assistance please Jet us know."

The Gravindex pregnancy test involves the use of two sub-stances, human chorion gonadotrophin, obtained from the urine of pregnant women in hospital, and which is injected into rabbits, which protect themselves against it by producing an antibody in their blood. Some of the blood is then taken, and the red cells strained out, to give anti-human chorion gonadotrophin serum. A smear of urine from the women whose pregnancy is to be tested is placed on a microscope slide, and its reactions with human chorion gonadotrophin are observed. An even appear-ance means pregnancy, a clumped appearance, no pregnancy. The test takes two minutes.

While a rabbit does not give its blood voluntarily, and is certainly frightened of the hypodermic needle, it is not seriously injured by it. Many rabbits used in vivisection laboratories suffer far worse fates. The test is not vegan, but it is no worse than

28

as much good taste as good sense !

Granose Nuttolene and Meatless Steaks are highly regarded in well-balanced vegetarian diets. Rich in protein and non-animal fats, they are a

concentrated source of calories and Vitamin Bl. And the flavour too / That's another reason why

Granose products are acclaimed by many as

Britain's finest health foods. Buy Nuttolene and Meatless Steaks

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29

! many practices tolerated by lacto-vegetarians. Personally I do t not feel guilty about having had this test done, after three • doctors and one naturopath had failed to detect my pregnancy, • and it was' already five months gone. FRANCES HOWARD.

] To me," Natural Hygiene, Organic Grown Market Garden Produce, arid the fight to release birds and animals from battery farming are all tied up.'with the vegan movement. Cannot we

! as vegans take a stronger stand to help stamp out the evils which are pulling our whole world downhill rapidly, and assist natural hygiefiists>and organic growing people to make a better

. living for themselves? These people are fighting against enormous • odds. The, dice;is, so heavily laden against them that they would

have thrown in the sponge long ago—however, principles are more important than money—their stamina is enormous.

Surely it is, time vegans said " we are a bold people—just eating right food, is not enough. We must carry things much further, good thoughts, natural hygiene, organically grown food.

' We will also expose all. the evils in the world, battery farming, vivisection, etc. We must do these things now to ensure a better world to come into being for the young people of today. A world where fear, concentration camps for man, animals, birds,' plants will be no more. No pollution of air, water, etc.

" Then man "will live in" peace with creation instead as today . fighting her all the time." KENNETH FORD-SMITH.

,(We, agree that, just, being a vegan should not satisfy, and >. :we dOubti if it -ever does, for practically all the vegans we know : personally, are engaged5 in various other humanitarian pursuits,

we are pleased to say. 'However, as a group we could not be described as militant,

but this may be a good thing, for although working along peaceful channels may be harder, it is less likely to antagonise and alienate others who, at present, do not share our views and ideals. We trust Mr. Ford-Smith really means " veganic " when he writes organic, for the latter may include all kinds of non-vegan ingredients from the slaughterhouse—and usually does!)

W v , ;..-,< From Here-and There

The opportunities to listen are infrequent, but when possible I enjoy hearing " Talks for Sixth Forms " (B.B.C. schools pro-

..gramme)-and always learn something, i '.'•.qt was'good'to hear'from Martin Jones, in May, that house

martins 'are gradually returning to London since the introduction of smokeless zones, but not that ten thousand miles of hedgerows were removed last year—which will mean a sad depletion in the num'ber of birds generally. Nests will not nestle on barbed wire

. or cement posts, alas. . , :

30

ONE DAY'S N O R M A L REQUIREMENT OF IODINE

IS PROVIDED BY 10 lbs. of fresh raw vegetables or

ONE WILD OCEAN KELP TABLET Wi l d Ocean Kelp is a plant that grows in the ocean and is unique in its wealth of natural organic mineral salts, particularly iodine. Irish, Scottish and Faroe Islanders and other coast dwellers all use seaplants extensively for food purposes. These are people who are noted for their sturdiness, sound nerves and long lives. They don ' t suffer from iodine deficiency I

Inland foods are mineral-starved because of the leeching action of rain and storm. Your diet could well be inadequate. Take W i ld Ocean Kelp Tablets regularly and get all the benefits of the unique Kelp plant in convenient form. Br ing back the energy and sparkle to your life.

W i l d Ocean Kelp Tablets cost 3/9 per 100 tablets (by post 4/3) and 9 / - per 300 tablets (by post 9/9).

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T H E V E G A N S O C I E T Y 123 Baker St., Enfield, Middx.

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31

BOOK REVIEWS Most vegetarians will find AfflMSA AND NATURE CURE

by Anthony Green most enlightening. This little booklet has a number of useful hints about true health. He has a certain understanding of metaphysics which is a valuable asset when considering diet, health and ethics. The booklet also contains suggestions on the causes of certain diseases—contrary to the views of the establishment.

However, I recommend this work and shall watch for further literature by this author.

Ahimsa and Nature Cure is published by H. H. Greaves Ltd. See olassified advertisement.

PHILIP DAWES.

HATHA YOGA by Morris Krok. To those who are inter-ested in the health restoring aspects of Yoga and veganism, this book is of great value. The author has obviously read, thought and tried out many yogic exercises and many kinds of food reform and was not satisfied with partial recovery of health but continued and persevered to regain full health. On the way, he found many fallacies commonly believed by food reformers and finally cut out all animal foods, and most of the concentrated starches and proteins. One envies him the position of living in Durban, South Africa, where plenty of indigenous fresh fruit is available, but we have plenty of imported fresh fruit even here, for those who wish to eat fruit all the year round. I have not personally tried out the Yoga exercises, but there are descriptions and photos of each one and conclusions about their value for mental and physical health. For those who wish to develop beyond the first step of omitting animal foods from the diet, there is much to learn and profit by in his book.

• FRANCES HOWARD.

A REMINDER Kindly make a note >of the dates by which we must receive

your letters and reports for inclusion in " The Vegan ". For the Spring issue—Before February 1st. For the Summer issue—Before May 1st. For the Autumn -issue—Before August 1st. For the Winter issue—Before November 1st.

Please do not leave your letter until the last day, avoid disappointment and help'us by posting as early as possible.

T H E EDITORS.

•32 t

MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS

Terms: Cash with Order to The Vegan Society, 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex.

(2/- per line: minimum 2 lines; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

AH1MSA AND NATURE CURE, an exposition of compassionate and healthy living. Seend 2/- plus 6d. postage to: H. H. Greaves Ltd., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22.

BRITISH VEGETARIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT. An organisation for people 12—35. Social gatherings, holidays, monthly magazine, etc., organised. Further particulars from Secretary, B.V.Y.M., c / o The Vegetarian Society (U.K.) Ltd., 53 Marloes Road, London, W.8.

HEALTH through NATURAL HYGIENE. Are you interested in Health achieved naturally and without the exploitation of other human beings and animals? Natural Hygiene is a system of health preservation and restoration which meets these requirements. For literature, send 6d. stamp to: The Secretary, British Nat. Hygiene Soc., 40 FoxbuTTOw Road, Norwich, Norfolk.

KINDRED SOUL is a remarkable book which no progressive person can afford to be without. It reveals the eternal truths of naturalism and conservation—man's most powerful weapon against ignorance, superstition, and the subtle evils of civilisation. In an inspiring way it mends the broken link between man and his true heritage. Send $4.00 or 25/- to Essence of Health, P.O. Box 2821, Durban, South Africa. Other publications available on request.

ROOM TO LET. Summer months. Camping accommodation. Another field near chalet to let. Country and sea. Cooking to order. Details from J. S. Amsden, " Meadlands," Atherfield Green, Chale, Ventnor, Isle of Wight. (Proud owner of four dogs.)

THE COMPASSIONATE DOCTRINE OF AHIMSA is stressed in the monthly publication "AHIMSA" (nan-killing, harmlessness). Full year, 10s. in British stamps or coins. THE AMERICAN VEGAN SOCIETY, Malaga, N.J. 08328. U.S.A.

VEGANIC GARDENING. COMPOSTING AND NO-DIGGING. Grow your vegetables in the purest way known. POSTAL TUITION. S.A.E. for terms. Veganic Gardening, 4 Ainsdale Crescent, Reading, RG3 3NG.

WORLD FORUM. The leading international Vegetarian quarterly. Edited by Mrs. Esm6 Wynne-Tyson. Advocates the vegetarian way of life for physical health and a true relationship between the human and creature kingdoms—without exploitation and cruelty. 2/-, plus 6d. post per copy. 10/- per year, post free.—H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22.

ESTABLISHMENTS CATERING FOR VEGANS

BROOK LINN.—Callander, Perthshire. Vegetarian and Vegan meals care-fully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable guest house. Near Trossachs and Western Highlands. Mrs. Muriel Choffin. Callander 103.

EASTBOURNE. Very good self-catering facilities ; single and double. Every comfort and convenience. Pleasantly situated outskirts of town. Easy access shops and sea front . P ace. Margaret Fisher, Edgehill Vegetarian Guest House, Telephone: 30627 and 21084. V.C.A. Member.

EDiSTONE, WOOTTON WAWEN, WARWICKSHIRE (near Stratford-on-Avon). Modem Nature Cure Resort and Guest House with every comfort, and compost-grown produce. (Phone: Claverdon 327.)

IRELAND. Rural—coastal area, furnished flat suitable 2—4. All amenities. Mrs. Benali, , Schull, Co. Cork, Ireland.

LAKE DISTRICT. Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive guest house for invigorating, refreshing holidays.—Write Isabel lames. Tel.: 334.

" W O O D C O T E " , Lelant, St. Ives, Cornwall, is a high-class Vegetarian Food Reform Guest House in a warm and sheltered situation over-looking the Hayle Estuary. Composted vegetables; home-made whole-wheat bread; vegans catered for knowledgeably. Mr. and Mrs. Woolfrey. Tel . : Hayle 3147. Early bookings for Summer very advisable.

WOTTON-UNDER-EDGE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Coombe Lodge is a Manor House set in a two-acre garden on the southern slopes of the Cotswold Hills, overlooking Coombe Valley, where most fruit and vegetables are home-grown. Demonstrations given of Vegan Cookery. Apply Kathleen Keleny. Tel.: Wotton-under-Edge 3165.

Do you ever wonder " What is in i t?" when purchasing Soup, Soap or Margarine? Don't ' hope for the bes t ' in future, send for

T H E V E G E T A R I A N A N D V E G A N F O O D G U I D E W I T H H O U S E H O L D P R O D U C T S

and know which are the humanely produced articles. This 40-page booklet lists hundreds of items conveniently grouped for quick reference.

2/6d. post free, f rom: THE VEGAN SOCIETY, 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex

Printed by H. H. GREAVES LTD.. 106/110. Lordship Line. East Dulwich. London. S.E.22.