T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Fowitied November, 1944

A D V O C A T E S that man's food should be derived from fruits, nuts, vegetables and grains, and E N C O U R A G E S the use of

alternatives to all products of animal origin.

Minimum subscription, 7s. 6d. per annum, which includes "The Vegan ." Life Membership, JE7 7S. Od.

Honorary Secretary : Mrs. H I L D A H O N E Y S E T T , , Ewell, Surrey.

Honorary Treasurer: Mrs. E V E L Y N ROWLAND, , Torquay, Devon.

THE VEGAN JOURNAL OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY

Editor: Miss V E R A STANLEY A L D E R , , Ewell, Surrey.

Advert isement Manager: Mr. JACK SANDERSON, , London, S.W.10.

LOCAL V E G A N G R O U P S A N D SECRETARIES L O N D O N . — M r . Donald Cross, Hatch End, Middlesex YORKSHIRE.—Miss Stella Rex, , Garforth.

N r . Leeds. M I D L A N D S . — M r . Don Burton, , S t ra t ford-onAvon,

War. BRISTOL.—Mrs . E. Hughes, d, Knowle, Bristol 4. M A N C H E S T E R . — M i s s A n n E. Owens, 2 , Northenden. S C O T T I S H S E C T I O N — M i s s Dina M. Sutherland, .

Liberton, Edinburgh, 9.

(Please communicate with your nearest Group Secretary)

T H E

NATURE CURE HOME I HEALTH HYDRO Inveresk House, Inveresk, M id l o th i an

(6 miles f rom Edinburgh) Treatments include : Fasting, Dietetics, Colonic Irrigation, Spinal Manipulation, Massage. Bergonie Therapy, Radiant Light and Heat , Baths, etc.

Dieting is on non-flesh food reform lines, sympathetic towards Vegan principles.

A fully qualified physician is in residence.

T H E V E G A N Journal of The Vegan Society

Vol. VIII. - AUTUMN, 1952 No. 3

What is YOUR Harvest? Editorial

S we gather the fragrant fruits, the crisp nuts and the glowing corn, we cannot fail to appreciate the triumph and achieve-

ment of nature. With unfailing genius, patience and persistence, the wonderful demonstration of attainment and fulfilment is given to us every year.

Out of the dark and formless soil and the intangible forces o? the atmosphere, the amazing alchemy continues always to work, irresistibly building and transmuting, until the exquisite forms and colours and the perfumes and essences with their unique qualities have been produced.

This is the example always before us—the continuous yet ever-renewing process of development and of harvest. Do we ever ask ourselves what our part, as human beings, should be in this panorama of progress? Where is our individual contribution to the year's fruition and harvest? What is the alchemy of our personal essence and perfume? Where is the fruit we offer? W h a t do we—the " Lords of Creation"—contribute to this cyclic achievement?

Is our body, the physical flower of our growth, beautiful to look upon in its graciousness and health? Is our skill in action, which is our fruit, the result of struggle, trial and persistence, good to see and use? Is the essence which we are distilling from our garnered experience, one of wisdom and healing and love for all creation? —or are we producing the drought of meanness, the floods of violence, or the blight of ignorance in our environment?

Does the perfume which emanates from us carry with it the deep joy of the conscious spirit, which blesses all who come near?

Between the dark and formless soil of ourselves and the intangible forces of ourSELVES, a wonderful alchemy is in leash, awaiting fulfilment. For, glorious and beautiful as is the Harvest of Nature, surely the harvest of man, the " Son of God," the subtlest and most potential expression of creation, should and must outshine all the rest? V.S.A.

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Harvest — or Flood ? / ^ i U R joy in this year's summer has been marred by the tragedy ^ ^ of the Lynmouth floods. The suddenness with which a beautiful and bounteous Nature can produce disaster makes man feel very small and helpless indeed.

But is this feeling wholly justified? Is it not possible that a people plays some part in producing its own disasters?

T h e urgent need for tree-planting is coming more and more to be realised. Nature has arranged that on hills and mountains the rain, which would otherwise sweep downwards carrying all the soil with it, is caught and conserved, first by the web-rooted grasses near the peaks, then a little lower by the soft-wooded trees such as the needle-leafed fir forests, which produce a carpet of leaf-mould almost like a sponge. Next, on the lower reaches come the deciduous or hard-wooded trees, those with flat leaves. They produce the humus which creates the type of soil in which all our food can be grown. By this arrangement the water is held and controlled from the tip of the mountains downwards, and filtered gradually into the rivulets and streams which form the living rivers. When trees are cut down without correct replace-ment large volumes of water are displaced and forced to run amok eventually.

A good sized beech tree raises about 60 gallons of water on a hot day from the depths of the earth, and disperses it into the air, where it forms quickly-available rain-cloud and dew. Thus the whole climatic cycle is arranged by the trees, which also control and temper the winds and frosts. W h e n in their right positions on the banks of rivers, trees also control the temperature and the electrical content of the water, in other words, the organic life of the river itself.

Surely all this constitutes a vital science far more important to man's life on earth than the science of the atomic bomb ! or even of humanely-used atomic energy. For it is fundamental, since it is the basis of the conditions of life for any nation, and should surely be the first consideration of its government? Already this year there have been disastrous floods, droughts and fires in every continent in the world. W h e n is humanity going to take co-operative action about it?

W e plead, therefore, for the establishment of a special Ministry of Count ry Planning which will study this whole subject of the natural formation of forests and rivers, and plan to restore the country to conditions in agreement with nature's laws. If this were done the danger of floods and droughts could be enormously reduced whilst the fertility of the soil everywhere was increased.

5 THE VEGAN

This is surely of paramount importance to the Vegans, for the trees planted should include a goodly number of eating chestnut, walnut and fruits. Thus a fine supply of healthy food would be ensured as well as a more clement climate, and millions of pounds saved to the nation by avoiding unnatural disasters.

E D I T O R .

HEALTH ADVICE

RATIONAL TREATMENT FOR CATARRH By LESLIE CAMERON-JAMES, D.O., Ps.D.

f " P H A T many people are the victims of catarrhal affections is indicated by the numerous enquiries received recently. T h e

writers ask whether treatment on purely natural lines as against the taking of drug remedies and synthetic products will give relief. The following is a typical letter :—

I am interested in your article in " The Vegan " regarding sources of vitamin C. It seemed to me that you might be able to advise me how to get rid of catarrh ? I have been a victim of this condition for fifteen years, but I've only been in touch with veganism four months and vegetarianism three years.

Now a catarrh in its limited sense denotes a discharge of fluid from a mucus membrane particularly of the nose, but the term is generally used in its wider sense where it describes a state of irritation accompanied by the secretion of mucus.

The congestion arises from a derangement in the harmony of living carried on over a long period of time. Many factors indicate this, but diet, important though it is, can only be considered as one of them.

To the sufferer from catarrh, it cannot be stressed too strongly that only by the partaking of food as far as possible in its natural state, unrefined and free of " fortified " chemicals, is the system able to assimilate the vital nutritional elements so necessary in maintaining perfect health.

It is a sad reflection on our civilization that it is increasingly difficult to obtain adequate whole food ; and a glance round the shelves of the ordinary grocer's shop will prove that unless one is discriminating, only prepared, devitalised and chemically processed food can be obtained.

To such unsatisfactory nutritional products and to wrong combinations of food do health practitioners point when the patient is found to be clogged up and his system crying out to live cleanly and partake of good wholesome food.

Now let us as a first step in the natural treatment of this dis'

4 THE VEGAN

order consider some of the everyday articles that must be omitted if health is to be regained.

Foods which are very conductive to catarrh include chemically processed white bread, cakes, scones and buns made from white flour ; refined sugar and golden syrup, as well as preserves and confectionery. Milk when this forms a large part of the diet combined with starch foods is also mucus-forming.

Nex t consideration is elimination. Is there constipation? To be healthy one must have satisfactory bowel movements. Costive-ness and its characteristic intestinal putrefication is the beginning of t he morbid condition from which much chronic sickness arises and it requires immediate correction. By natural methods can this be relieved and by suitable changes in the diet and the taking of safe, non-habit forming herbal remedies.

I t is not generally realised that the skin is the largest organ of elimination. Through the pores is given off as sweat a vast amount of impurities. Daily cold water baths and washes followed by rough towelling will considerably help to tone up the system and remove impurities and waste matter.

Naturopathic treatment for a long-standing condition such as this is best carried out under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. Often, after examination, the patient will be put on a fast. T h e length of this fast will depend on the severity of the condition, but also the time in which the patient can avail himself for this abstaining from food will be taken into account. Where a short fast of, say, a long week-end is prescribed it will require to be repeated every two or three weeks to be effective.

Following the fast, a special alkaline diet is prescribed and when definite improvement has set in, a dietary of natural whole food (without milk) is taken. The following diet will be helpful in the later stages of treatment :

Breakfast : Raw fruit, as apples, pears, oranges, grape-fruit or grapes, with soft, dried fruits (raisins, sultanas, prunes or figs) which have been reconstituted by previous soaking.

Lunch : Vegetable soup or stock. Follow this with a large vegetable salad consisting of watercress, chopped cabbage, brussels sprouts, endive, chicory, lettuce, mustard, cress, chopped parsley as available, with a little nut meat or milled nuts, but no potatoes, f resh acid frui t as oranges, grape-fruit, tomatoes, etc.

Tea or evening meal: Vecon or vegetable soup. A small salad of raw vegetables with the addition of sweet fruit. Crisp biscuits as MacVita, RyVita, etc., or toasted wholemeal bread with nut cream or margarine.

On retiring : Fruit juice. Coffee and Indian tea should be replaced by a herbal tea or fruit

juice and drinks should be kept apart from meals.

5 THE VEGAN

NUTRITION

THE LARGER VIEW

IT is probably true to say that the vast majority of those in the

West who have become interested in Food Reform at all levels, have done so for purely personal reasons—my health, my personal relationship to the animal kingdom, my love for all life, my religion, and so on. These are very good reasons and they are quite well known to us. But how many of us look beyond these personal reasons to the wider aspects of the food question? How many of us are really aware of the serious urgency of the world food problem in general, and the extreme vulnerability of Britain in particular, as we drift rapidly ever nearer to a condition of world under'nutrition and hunger.

There is no greater problem in the world to-day than the organisation of the world's food resources to supply man's nutritional needs. The atom bomb and worse horrors may, or may not, be loosed upon us, but unless all men co-operate quickly in tackling this problem, all men will in a comparatively short time face food shortage, hunger and famine.

Safeguarding the national food supply is a basic cause of fear and war in a world in which shrinking food surpluses and soaring prices are hard facts ; yet approached from a common-sense, global, human point of view, this very task of feeding the world's population can provide a true and practical basis for world co-operation.

In past decades, we have not been without our prophets, for men like Lord Boyd Orr and other pioneer nutritionists have seen the danger growing, and as recently as last August the " Sunday Observer " in a very striking leader drew attention to the gravity of the problem. The National Institute of Nutrition (founded in 1951) has amongst its chief aims " t h e co-ordination of the activities of all individuals, societies, associations, agricultural and food producing concerns, consumer organisations and all those interested in developing sound nutrition in Great Britain," and also "the bringing of the knowledge of the food experts to the lay

public." Recently many excellent books have appeared such as " The

Geography of Hunger " by Prof. J. de Castro, in which facts and figures are given revealing the immensity of the problem, whilst informative newspaper articles are appearing more frequently as editors realise more fully the implications of the incoming world food news.

Of supreme importance is the outstanding work being done by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (F.A.O.)

6 THE VEGAN

and f rom time to time we hope to give brief reports of their work, and also that of other organisations seeking to eradicate world under- and mal-nutrition.

I t is probably very rare indeed for anyone to become Food Reformer , Vegetarian or Vegan from consideration of such information as is contained in Mr. Peter Freeman's article in this issue, yet such reasons, bearing as they do directly upon man's relationship to' his fellow man as well as upon the animal kingdom, are surely wor thy of our full attention.

W h a t e v e r was our personal reason for first becoming interested in food reform matters, let us now expend it to a fuller social view, and become aware of the great world food problem and play our full part in its solution.

J.S.

A N A N S W E R FROM MESSRS. CADBURY BROS. LTD., W I T H REFERENCE T O BLOOD PLASMA MENTIONED

IN " T H E VEGETARIAN."

W e have received your let ter . regarding the use of blood plasma in chocolates which you wrote to Miss Taylor of our Demonstrat ion Staff.

W e have pleasure in dealing with this query and can at once assure you that we do not use any such product as blood plasma or similar materials in the manufacture of our products, and we have never used such materials in any Cadbury lines marketed.

Blood plasma was developed in Germany as an egg albumen substitute and although the Ministry of Food reported on this when an investigating party visited Germany we think that you can be assured that it has received little attention in this country. In our opinion this is due to the very fact you raise—that the English public would not like confections containing such a material.

W e trust this news will allow you to feel that you can approach most English confections, and certainly our own, without any fear tha t you are consuming something repugnant to your taste.

Yours truly, for C A D B U R Y BROS. LTD.

C.H.C./1084.

A N N U A L GENERAL MEETING Saturday, 8th November, 1952, Friends' House, Euston Road, N . W . I .

3 p.m., Annual General Meeting ; 5 p.m., Vegan Refreshments ; 6 p.m., Demonstrations of ballroom dancing by Mr. and Mrs. Arnaldi, interspersed with opportunities for everyone to join in the dancing. A social evening to which all will be welcome.

7 THE VEGAN

GREAT BRITAIN AND THE WORLD'S FOOD SUPPLY

(By kind permission of the National Institute of Nutrition)

By PETER FREEMAN, M.P.

A SERIOUS and indeed critical situation is quickly developing concerning our supply of essential foods in this country.

. This problem is accentuated by the following causes : (1) steadily growing population, (2) reduced supplies from abroad, (3) increased urban and industrial development, (4) decreased local supplies, and (5) the demand for better living standards for all.

A greater knowledge of food values, increased mechanisation and a better use of available men, land and materials, can alone avoid famine and starvation in the near future.

None of these factors depend solely on our own efforts, but are materially affected by the world position which has already reduced our supplies and is likely to reduce them still further.

Population.—This is caused partly by the steadily rising world population (in some countries very much greater than in Great Britain), but to a greater extent by the universal demand for improved standards of living and the refusal to allow essential foods to be taken out of a country where their own people are in dire need, e.g., India and the Colonies.

World Malnutrition.—Lord Boyd Orr has recently stated that half tfie world's population is under-nourished, and one sixth on the verge of starvation (one sixth represents over 400 million people).

The position of Great Britain is very vulnerable, especially in times of stress and war—even the weather can greatly affect it.

The growth of industrial activity in all countries has led to a gradual dr i f t away from the land. Wi th the steady increase in the world's population and local demands, there are reduced supplies of food available from abroad.

The British Empire and Colonies used to send Britain large quantities of food, but if we consider the Dominions to-day, we

, find that India sends us none—she manages to give two handfuls of rice to her own people now instead of one! Australia has great cattle troubles and all are beset by the dollar problem.

At home we have decreased supplies, for here, too, we have fewer workers on the land. Everywhere a higher standard of life is being demanded—more variety, more quantity.

The Council of the Food and Agricultural Organisation (which Council includes 18 nations) has just issued a United Nations

8 THE VEGAN

Repor t which states quite bluntly that the world's need for more food has not begun to be met. There were few signs of improve' ment last year. The average daily diet in under-developed and heavily populated areas is still substantially below the already inadequate pre-war averages, e.g., S.E. Asia has less than half of its requirements—nine million tons of rice each year are required and only four million tons are available to-day, the Director General of F.A.O. has recently stated.

A t a recent meeting of the annual conference of Headmasters, one speaker said, " Forget about the three R's. Let us learn to grow food. I see England dying—its present food situation and policies can only lead to national suicide. W e are faced with the threat of catastrophe. W e must see agriculture as our first line of defence in peace as well as in war."

W o r l d Population Increase.—A recent estimate of the world population is 2,500 millions. T h e figures in millions are estimated as 545 in A.D. 1650, 900 in A.D. 1800, 1,250 in A.D. 1850, 1,500 in A .D. 1900, 2,500 in A.D. 1951, i.e., the world's population has multiplied by nearly five times in the last 300 years. A book has recently been written with the title " Four Thousand Million M o u t h s " because the world population is expected to rise to between three and four thousand million in the coming generation (say 1975) and to five thousand million people by A.D. 2000 !

In Gt . Britain, we are living 10 years longer than before the war ; and the corresponding figures for the British Isles are as follows: 10 million in A.D. 1650, 20 million in A.D. 1800, 27 million in A .D. 1850, 42 million in A.D. 1900, and 54 million in A.D. 1951. This again gives an increase of five times in 300 years, and the estimated figure for A.D. 2000 is about 70 million.

Yet the supply of land does not grow any more—in fact it is continually being eaten away by various causes.

(To be concluded in the -next issue)

T H E A N I M A L S ' FAIR T h e Animals' Fair will be held this year at the Royal Horticultural

( O l d ) Hall, Vincent Square, S .W.I , on Friday and Saturday, the 28th and 29th November, from noon until 8 p.m.

T h e Vegan Society has once more decided to have a stall there, and apart from the excellent opportunity for propaganda which it provides, in past years it has proved to be of considerable benefit to the Society's funds.

Last year, the Vegan Society gained more than £10 as a result of the stall, and many kind friends sent goods for sale. W e should be most grateful for as many Vegan articles as possible for the stall again this year— especially items of food. Cakes and savouries would be particularly welcome, or proprietary articles which contain no animal produce whatever.

Gifts in money or kind would and should be sent to : Mrs. Muriel Drake, , Bromley, Kent.

9 THE VEGAN

A TABLOID REPORT By H A N W O R T H WALKER

THE journey in America and a short visit to Canada covered about 10,000 miles travelling outward by car as far as

Mexico and back by train. W e called at New York, Washington,. Cleveland, Toronto, Canton, Willoughby, Fort Wayne, Chicago, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Portland, Spokane, Crescent City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Tecate (Mexico), returning via Kansas City to call on the Unity School of Christianity, Buffalo for the American Natural Hygienic Convention, Rhinebeck, Durham, to confer with Henry Bailey Stevens, the brilliant author of the "Recovery of C u l t u r e " and also his talented wife Agnes Ryan who was one of the few pioneers responsible for the women in the U.S.A. getting the vote, then to Boston and another farewell meeting in New York. One or more meetings were held in all of these places and broadcasts and television were fitted in en route. Many smaller groups were addressed and almost innumerable private conversations on the many different aspects of and approaches to vegetarianism. The kindness and hospitality was overwhelming, the reception encouraging and warm, question time was always lively and showed keen interest, many people asking for further information on the Vegan diet. It was always regretted that my schedule did not permit longer stops for there is a great thirst for information and instruction and it can only be hoped that the future will see another and more reasonable itinerary being planned, for the journey just finished could only be reckoned as a superficial introduction to the vast amount of building up that awaits attention in that land of great opportunity. The American Vegetarian Union is at present going through a transition stage after their first few experimental years, and when their organisation is more closely knit and more fully representative then we can expect our American relations to make rapid progress and have a marked influence on the life and thought of their country, for throughout I found devoted and enlightened leaders, lively and progressive groups, a nation-wide awakening to the vegetarian message and through all a great need for what the Vegetarian W a y of Life can teach. Even this year we may well see the beginning of a new and highly important chapter in the history of v e g c tarianism in America.

A N ADDRESS A member sends this address for those who desire Professor Arnold

'Shret's sets of lessons and booklets:— Health Book Supply Co., 634 Confederation Life Bids., Toronto, Ont., Canada. Sent in by A.C.H.

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What IS the Truth About Diet? E T us enumerate those facts which are most generally put

forward by unorthodox, as well as some orthodox, health experts everywhere. W e can then see to what basic conclusions they may lead us.

(1) Man, the architype of the cheirotheria, is biologically a frugivorous animal. His teeth and digestive organs are built for the consumption of raw fruit, nuts, leaves and roots. His nearest relative, the gorilla, still subsisting on this diet, is the strongest animal in the jungle, and does not overbreed.

(2) By. cooking his food man destroys its life. By eating wrong combinations of foods, he destroys his own digestive juices, thus causing fermentation and self-poisoning. Even raw foods if eaten in the wrong combinations can be disastrous.

(3) W h a t are those wrong combinations, and how do they upset the digestion? T h e foods that we eat are classed as proteins, starches, sugars, fats, acids and alkalines. Each of these requires a different type of digestive juice, acting at different strengths at different periods of the digestive process, and in different parts of the organism.

(4) Ptyalin, which is alkaline and is a constituent of the saliva, digests starch, but is itself destroyed by acid, and thus by the gastric juices required to digest proteins. Therefore starches should never be eaten with proteins or acids.

(5) Different proteins call forth different gastric juices, which inhibit each other, therefore only one protein should be eaten at a meal.

(6) Acid fruits require almost no digestion, and therefore should be free to pass straight to the intestines. If eaten or mixed with other foods they inhibit the flow of gastric juices. They should, therefore, never be eaten with proteins, starches or sugars, bu t alone. Fruit eaten alone constitutes the ideal meal.

(7) Fats and oils inhibit the secretion of the gastric juices, therefore should not be eaten with protein.

(8) Sugars are not digested until they reach the intestines. If mixed with protein and starch they are held up and fermentation quickly ensues. They should not be used at a meal with protein or starch.

(9) If the above rules are disobeyed, putrefaction, fermenta-tion and acidity are the result.

If we study the above list of the findings of dietetic experts, we will see thait in the average vegetarian or vegan meal there are apt to be a number of unfortunate errors. If we insist on taking-mixed meals life becomes a burden whilst trying to avoid incom-

THE VEGAN 11

patibles. In nature this is not done. Animals usually eat one food a t a time. Birds eat seeds at one time, insects at another. W e may be sure that healthy primitive man usually consumed only one •or two foods at a time. Ghandi set an example by confining his meals to not more than five articles of food, but even that could be excessive.

W e may, therefore, conclude that the ignorantly mixed meal is :one of the abominations of modern civilization, causing man to lose all sense of right and wrong in his feeding. This natural instinct is not suddenly regained by becoming a vegetarian or a vegan. Complete re-education is surely necessary if we are to become masters of the diet situation.

Meanwhile I submit that the palate can gradually be trained to •enjoy one or two foods at a time. This would help to avoid errors, give the digestion a rest, be the next best thing to fasting, and much reduce the labour, expense and complexity of living.

Those who would like to study the subject for themselves are •strongly recommended to obtain a little book called " F O O D C O M B I N I N G MADE EASY " recently published by Dr. Shelton's Health Scjiool, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.

V E R A STANLEY ALDER.

H E A L T H C O U N C I L Those committee members of the Vegan Society who are on this Health

Council have been very active during the summer in various ways. They have contacted a number of well-known vegetarian and vegan doctors, scientists, nutrition experts and others likely to have useful information available, so i s to have as representative a Health Council as possible. They have also drafted a new Questionnaire, a copy of which has been sent to all members and associates of the Vegan Society. It is hoped to arrange the first full meeting of the Health Council to take place during the autumn.

M.E.D.

Q U E S T I O N N A I R E A- second Questionnaire was sent out recently to all members and

associates (the first having been sent in 1947), to assist in the investigations •of the newly-formed Health Council. If anyone has not received a copy, the Hon. Secretary will be pleased to send one on receipt of a card or letter.

.All the information we receive as a result of this Questionnaire will be very valuable, even from those who are not yet strict vegans, though aiming towards veganism. Not a few go through an eliminative process, or healing •crisis, before they have reached strict veganism, and their information will be very helpful for comparative purposes. Moreover, we may be able to help them in any difficulties they may encounter in this more idealistic way of living.

M.E.D.

A N N O U N C E M E N T Mr. Edgar B. Hewlett and Mrs. Christobel A. Bowen were married at

^Swansea on Saturday, 16th August, 1952. They will settle in North Wales.

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HARVESTING NOTES By MABEL SIMMONS

Herbs These are most valuable for flavouring soups and savouries.

T h e following are easy to grow : tarragon, chervil, dill, marjoram, thyme, basil, sage, mint, parsley, bay leaves, rosemary. Used, separately or mixed together and sprinkled on soups, salads o r vegetables, makes a delicious flavour. Then stuffings are easy to-make, sage and onion, parsley and thyme, etc. Now is the time to chop and dry in warm oven, press through sieve, put in air-tight-tins. It is wise to have some herbs separate.

Apple Chutney 1 lb. apples. J lb. dates. 1 large onion. 1 lemon and rind.

C u t apples and onions up small, and cook in lemon juice very gently. W a s h and dry dates, cutting them into small pieces, add toi apples and onions also quarter teaspoonful of ginger and celery salt. Mix all gently together with fork, put into jar when hot. covering the top with greaseproof paper and lids tightly on.

Celery Pickles 1 head of celery. 1 lemon. •J lb. onions. J teaspoon cloves. i lb. dates.

C u t celery, onions, dates into small pieces and put alternate-layers into jars. Lastly, pour over lemon juice, stand jars in-, saucepan of hot water. Bring to the boil, then simmer for fifteen minutes. Put lids on, make air-tight.

Jams Plums, greengages or damsons.

Select f rui t in good condition. Wash and put fruit into pan, do N O T use aluminium. T o every pound of fruit use three-quarters of pound barbadoes sugar. Place sugar on top of fruit, bring to the boil, simmer three-quarters of an hour. W h e n cooked1

put jam into hot jars, place greaseproof paper on top, then lids on> to make a i r t ight .

Marrow and Apple Jam 1 medium marrow. | lb. barbadoes. 1 lemon. $ teaspoon ground ginger. 1 lb. apples.

Cut marrow and apples into cubes, grate lemon rind. Place all ingredients in fruit pan. Stand over night. Bring to boil;.

THE VEGAN 13

simmer until cooked. Place in hot jars, greaseproof paper on top, lids tightly on.

Cashew Nut Cream (fresh) 1 lb. cashew nuts. 1 tablespoon brown sugar. J pint warm water. Vanilla essence to taste.

Mill cashew nuts finely and sieve them. Add warm water and sugar and mix well. Emulsify by putting through a Bel cream machine, preferably twice. If desired a little vanilla essence may be added. (The small cream mixers for making cream from butter are not suitable for emulsifying this nut mixture.) M.E.D.

Unfired Chocolate Cakes 1$ lbs. rolled oats. 6 ozs. soft brown sugar. £ lb. margarine. i lb. plain chocolate.

Melt chocolate. Put margarine in pan over low gas. W h e n melted, remove pan from heat, and stir in oats, sugar, and lastly, the melted chocolate. Shape into balls or flat cakes, pressing mixture well together, and leave for several hours to set firm.

M.E.D.

IN PRAISE OF SOYA "A/TOST nutrition experts now agree that meat in daily food can

be adequately replaced by dairy produce ; we Vegans know that even the proteins from this source are not necessary for the maintenance of health and vitality. Nuts and nut products are generally advocated as suitable alternatives to animal protein, but in practice they do not seem to produce the best results, as many varieties of nuts are deficient in some of the amino-acids essential to health. Amino-acids are the constituents of protein, some we can make in our bodies, most we must obtain from our food. Nuts do not necessarily provide all the particular amino-acids we are unable to make.

As a family we rely on soya flour as our main protein, and on whole cereals and pulses for our secondary sources. The Plimmers, in their book " Food, Health and Vitamins," ninth edition, p. 145, say—" Soya bean flour with its first class protein together with cereals makes good lack of animal protein." To obtain the full value from cereals they must be used whole, e.g., wholemeal flour (13$ per cent protein), whole oatmeal (16 per cent protein), whole barleymeal (11 per cent protein), and must be grown without the use of artificial fertilisers. It is possible to obtain whole cereals grown without chemical fertilisers in this country, but not soya flour.

14 THE VEGAN

W e can speak for the excellent results in improved health and "vitality over a period of seven years including the test conditions, f o r my wife, of three pregnancies and three lactations (full feeding for nine months—weaning over the following three months). T h e three children, now aged five years, three years and one year, show .great energy and vitality, their health and contentment bring spontaneous comments from everyone.

Sir Albert Howard discovered that the protein in the sap of growing plants is the food constituent most easily damaged by the use of chemical fertilisers. As we Vegans rely entirely on vegetable protein it is essential for full health that our food is compost grown. Soya is a complete vegetable protein without rival, and it is very desirable that it is compost grown and preferably grown in our own •country. Has any reader experience or knowledge of growing soya beans successfully in England? W e should be interested to have any information which would make it possible to produce strains suited to our climate.

Here are some of the ways in which we use soya :— Soya Butter, rationed as magarine—obtained from Health

Pood Stores. Soya Pastry, used in pieces instead of cheese or meat, or as

t h e covering for vegetable pie or pudding. Make a pastry of equal parts of soya flour and wholemeal flour. Rub in one dessertspoon of Vecon to six ozs. of the flours. Roll out and bake flat in a hot oven.

Tar t . Line a round sandwich tin with wholemeal pastry. Make a filling of juice and grated rind of one lemon, melted nob of margarine, sugar to taste. Thicken with soya flour to the con-sistency of custard. Pour into pastry case and bake for ten minutes in a hot oven.

Soya Cream. For use with fruit, or over a breakfast cereal or as the equivalent of milk in a drink. Melt one 05. fat in half pint of hot water, stir in four tablespoons of soya flour and pump t h r o u g h an emulsifier.

BRUCE LITTEN.

NETTLES—BOARD O F T R A D E " A s far as this Department is aware, cloth is not being manufactured

from nettles by any firms in this country, and no leaflet on the subject has t e e n published by the Board of Trade.

It is not impossible to make such cloth and we understand that it was in fact manufactured to some extent until about 1860, when it was discontinued because other cheaper materials became available. Enquiries into the question undertaken at various times since that date all seem to confirm the view that the use of nettles for cloth is an uneconomic proposition.

D . H A C K E R . "

THE VEGAN 17

N.E.W.S . Fruit and Nuts

Mr. Pinchas Nasich (Rishow le Zion, Israel) has sent in several very good suggestions, also he has written to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and shares their answer with us. W e give you some extracts:—

" We have been most interested in your suggestions for the setting up of roadside and United Nations orchards in an attempt to overcome the world's, food shortages. Indeed, as you probably know, these roadside orchards do actually exist in some countries, not, it is true, as a f . A . O . operation, but as a community operation. In Switzerland, France, and Germany for instance,, the roadside orchards are auctioned off every year, and the successful bidder is entitled to all the fruit from the trees, which he must tend, of course, during the pruning and spraying season. N o one ever thinks of touching his. fruit.

If this was to be an F.A.O. project there would be big problems involved. Even if the land were given free by communities throughout the world, there would still be the tremendous transportation difficulty. A few airplanes, would not even begin to be sufficient to carry the vast amounts of fruit that would be required, and we would then need to teach people to eat the fruits,, or other unaccustomed foods.

. . . W e have 222 experts loaned to 41 countries, working on about 102 different kinds of problem now, and the number is growing. W e have 17 in your own country of Israel. The number is growing every day. W e are training more people in these, countries, and F.O.A.'s 67 member countries are sharing in doing the job. I am sending you a book that tells you just what is happening.

. . . It is wonderful to know that thinking people like you realise just, how big a job it is to feed the world, and are trying to devise ways of doing it. It's good to know that there are people who want to help. If you want to help us, you can do a great deal by telling people what we are doing. If you can talk to your neighbours ; to the people in your club, your community, your business, you'll be making missionaries who will make more missionaries. Multiply ten by ten only six times, and you've talked t a millions. You can do this practical thing to help feed the world.

( S i g n e d ) GEORGE M U L G R U E , Chief, Information Service.

(Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.)"

Animal Welfare—A Charter of Rights " In the world of human affairs there is to-day an ever increasing urge

for unity. Societies everywhere aiming to make some contribution towards a better and more harmonious world, are realising the necessity of co-ordinating their efforts in order to bring to bear a stronger influence on the current of human thought and purpose. This urge towards co-operation in their several spheres will be one of the main factors of human progress in the years to come.

Animal Welfare must be in the forefront of this stuggle for a better world. W e must show a united front on a common basis so that the voice with which we speak concerning this matter will carry the greater authority and command greater attention."

E R N E S T S W I F T . (This charter has been examined by the Vegan General Committee and.

will be signed by them at their next meeting.—H.H.)

16 THE VEGAN

Camps This year has been specially good for camping. The International

Vegetarian Union ran a most successful youth camp at Blackboys. The other holiday camps I have been specially interested in are the Harvest Camps arranged by the Ministry of Agriculture. What could be better than a paid holiday, fruit picking, out in the open?

D.B. Flower Healing—Bach

" W e like The Vegan very much, thinking that it is very helpful. Of recent years we have been studying the Dr. Edward Bach Flower-

Healing Remedies. The remedies appear to be very efficacious, even if, like some aspects of Nature, they may be accounted slow.

W h e n one reads of Dr. Bach's ideals and of what he sought and aimed to do, it becomes clear that he entirely succeeded. Further, his aims and achievement are entirely in the vegan direction. It would seem that his remedies should be specially helpful to vegans. H e turned from animal substances and products—such as serums—and sought Nature's healing in plant and solar essences.

M . & A . H Y H A F F E N D E N . "

W o r l d Friendship " In the new world all good causes will be linked, and all key men and

women will be linked—with a view to the world-wide expression of a cross section of U N I V E R S A L PUBLIC O P I N I O N — f o r this great force will be the balancing factor in the control of all affairs in the world of tomorrow.

Cosmic Love—the cohesive force among all other universal forces—which exists in all of us from birth—and which is vaguely expressed in our everyday terms of service, mutuality, love, association, relationships, happiness, etc.—will be the ruling influence—and it will be inculcated into established system. Please help me to get people to see that we must not expect this force to generate itself from those in authority—for the origin of that power-of-to-morrow lies within ourselves—each of us and everyone of us— and we must bestir ourselves to use it, and to link our own personal share of it with that of every other individual living on earth. W e shall not separate politics, finance, religion and so on into compartments—they are all one—just as we are all one.

I will close my letter by saying I feel sure the Vegan Society will go ahead and use its pdwer for human uplift on an increasing scale not only in Britain but all over the world.

B E R T T A Y L O R . "

LIVE LETTER E D G W A R E , M I D D L E S E X .

I had nine replies from members and associates seeking a fuller expression of community life, as vegans, following the article published in the summer issue.

They were men and women of varied ages and interests from as far afield as Edinburgh and Christchurch, Whitstable and Tavistock: each one approaching community life with an individual outlook, though realising that if we are in fact one family under God then we should be able to live together in peaceful fulfilment of His purpose for us.

Personally, I am sure that Christ alone can give us life in all its fullness elven if, to gain His gift, we must he prepared to lose all that this earthly l ife seems to offer.

THE VEGAN 17

" Heaven and earth shall pass away but my word abideth for ever." From among those interested in a vegan community we have had offers

of land and accommodation, financial and physical aid. The outstanding question to my mind is upon what kind of spiritual foundation is the settle-ment to be built because no earthly paradise omitting the overall supremacy of God's Will can last, or even satisfy man's need for very long.

Those who have written to me are, in some way, now in touch with some of the others. I hope that from this, and from the response that any further article you publish may receive, that we may all become conscious of a growing community of spirit around us.

D O U G L A S RAM&AY.

BOOK REVIEWS BIOTONIC T H E R A P H Y by Maryla de Chrapowicki. Published by Daniel 6? Co., at 7 /6 .

A t the present time many members of the public take a persona] interest in Biochemics. The Twelve Tissue Salts which are supposed to remedy deficiencies of similar substances within the human system, are fairly well known. In fact many people keep a supply of them in the home and practise self-treatment with varying success. The little booklets which explain self-treatment give the whole subject an apparent simplicity which may be rather deceiving. For the science of treatment with Biochemic cell salts is subtle and far-reaching, and most people only approach the fringe of it.

It is with great pleasure, therefore, that we have received the new publication of an exceptionally fine little book, Biotonic Therapy, by that well-known scientist, Countess de Chrapowicki. Here at last we see a full explanation of all those matters which we should like to understand in connection with the Biochemic Cell Salts. W e are told how they actually work, their various functions and effects, and most important of all, the different results of using the many potencies in which they are made up.

The whole subject is fascinatingly interesting, dealing as it does not only with the very foundation stones of our bodily structure, but with the electrical forces which are able to flow through us with the help of our cell salts. I strongly recommend the reading of this valuable little book. Madame de Chrapowicki has a metaphysical and ethical approach to her subject which will give particular pleasure to Vegans.

V.S.A.

MUFFIN A N D THE MAGIC H A T by Annette Mills. Published by University of London Press, at 6 /6 .

It is no secret that Annette Mills has the welfare of all animals v?ry much at heart. In fact it is not long since she addressed a large crowd at the Albert Hall on their behalf. Vegan parents can, therefore, give her enchanting books about Muffin the Mule (the famous television puppet) to their children with great confidence. For Annette Mills is gradually and delicately bringing the children to a realisation of the whole problem of our responsibility towards the animal kingdom.

Particularly is this so in her third book of the adventures of the little mule, Mu^in and The Magic Hat. If your children are not already members of Muffin s enormous crowd of fans, I hope they soon will be!

V.S.A.

Coombe Lodge, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, a household where visiting vegans say they " belong." Write to Kathleen Mayo.

18 THE VEGAN

T H E L O N D O N BRANCH OF THE V E G A N SOCIETY

Past Events For the benefit of those unable to attend meetings here are brief reports

of meetings held since the last issue of the L.V.L. : — Saturday, 22nd March, 1952.—A.G.M. preceded by interesting talks and

discussion on experiences of vegans. The salient point of both talks and discussion was that veganism was more than a question of diet and that a balanced way of life was essential, with equal importance of, for want of better description, body, mind and spirit. At the A.G.M. which followed the importance of keeping the branch together was stressed by several speakers, so that vegans and friends could meet for discussion and helpful talks, etc. Ending his report, the Secretary said, " The past ySar has been one of severe testing, and veganism has come through an extremely difficult period. It has come through, however, and although we have still much to learn, I feel that we must be grateful to those who have stood firm and shown by example what veganism stands for. It is now and during t h t immediate future that the Branch and the Society will need the active and steadfast help and allegiance of all its members and friends."

Saturday, 19th April.—Visit to the Nature Cure Clinic with an enjoyable talk by Dr. A. P. Allinson on the clinic's work and history.

Saturday, 17th May.—Talk by Mr. J. Sanderson on "Nutrition." This, was an extremely interesting and informative lecture. The chemical composition of the various types of food was explained, and Mr. Sanderson ably described how the " quality aspect " of food affected their assimilation into the body, and how very important this " quality aspect " was, especially to vegans. Particular attention was drawn to the mineral salts and trace elements, and how care should be taken to ensure that sufficient quantities, were taken.

Sunday, 15 th June.—Visit to our good friends Marian and John Reid at their new house at Benenden. This pilgrimage has been a yearly event for some time, and the courtesy and generosity always shown to us on these very enjoyable occasions is a byword to those who are fortunate enough to know Marian and John Reid. Our sincere thanks and very best wishes once again go out to them in their new home.

Future Events Saturday, 13th September.—Visit to the Herb Drying Sheds of Pannelt

and iNeedham at Wallington, Surrey, by special invitation of Councillor R. West , who will be our host. Afterwards members and friends are invited to tea at 47, Brighton Road, Purley. Therefore will those coming from London please take a return to Purley—Mrs. Elsie B. Shrigley will meet the trains and take the party to Wallington.

Saturday, 11th October.—Mr. Hanworth Walker, Secretary of the Inter-national Vegetarian Union, has kindly consented to talk to us on his recent travels in America and elsewhere. The talk will be at the Nature Cure Clinic, 13 Oldbury Place, W . l , and will commence at 3 p.m., followed by tea and an opportunity for discussion.

Saturday, 8th November.—Vegan ^Society A.G.M. at Friends' House, Euston Road, N . l .

Friday, 28th and Saturday, 29th November.—The Animals Fair will take place on these dates, and we are hoping once again to manage the Vegan Society's stall.

THE VEGAN 19

M I S C E L L A N E O U S A D V E R T I S E M E N T S {Two lines 5 / - : extra lines 2 / - each; 20% allowed on four consecutive issues.) A N Y O N E active, small income, help cultivate vegetables, fruit? Accommoda-

tion. Annuity later. Box No. 11, 38, Stane Way, Ewell, Surrey. D U T C H GIRL, NURSE, age 23, of good family and with good refs.,

friendly family. T. Veen, Holland.

" H O W T O A V O I D CANCER."—The new book by Eraser Mackenzie (224 pages). 13s. 3d., including packing, from Skelton Robinson, Grenville House, Egh'am, Surrey.

N A T U R A L Grown Dried Bilberries. Valuable nutritional source of potassium, iron, etc. A truly organically grown food. Delightful flavour. Grows only wild. Packet sufficient for 20-24 servings, 6s. l i d . post free, or Trial Package 2s. 3d. post free. Quotations larger quantities. Easy to prepare. For enjoyment and for your good health. Central Health Stores, 4, Clarence Street, Brighton.

SOIL FERTILITY by Natural Organic means. Restore lost (or absent) minerals and organic life to your .soil with Activated Bacterised Milled Dried Sewage. Use as top dressing or activator for compost heaps. Entirely organic. Clean and hygienic, and easy t o use. As advocated by the late Sir Albert Howard. Send for quotations (from 5 cwt. upwards) and/or leaflet, to: W. M. Rowe, M.P.S., F.R.H.S., Street, Brighton.

SPEAKING y W R I T I N G lesson (c nd e, 5/- , classes 1 / 6 . — Dorothy Matthews, B.A., London, N .W.3 . PRImrose 5686.

E S T A B L I S H M E N T S C A T E R I N G F O R V E G A N S (First two lines free ; extra lines 2 / - each ; 20% discount on four

consecutive issues.) BIRMINGHAM.—Mr. E. G. Oldham, Thackeray House, 206, Hagley

Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham 16. BRITTANY, 2£ miles from the Gulf of Morbiban. Rooms and vegan food, in

a family. 900 francs per day. Madame Vicat, a Dinge (Ille-et-Vilaine), France.

BROMLEY, KENT.—Half-hour London. Short or long visits. Compost-grown /produce. Friendly atmosphere. Mrs. Muriel Drake, 7, Wanstead Road. RAV 2809.

COOMBE LODGE, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, a household where visiting Vegans say they feel they " belong." Bircher-Benner diet if desired. All fruit and vegetables home-grown and compost-grown. Ideal for week-end conferences. Beautiful views of valley from terrace. Excellent centre for lovely walks in Cotswold Hills. Children always welcomed. Write to Kathleen Mayo.

DUBLIN New Health Group welcomes visitors. 3, Farney Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin. Tel. 63944.

EASTBOURNE.—Board Residence. Bed and Breakfast. Mrs. Clifford, 30, Hyde Gardens, Eastbourne. Tel. 7024.

KENT. WESTGATE-ON-SEA.—Entirely Vegan. N o Smoking. 5$ gns. per week. All rooms H. 6f C. and electric fires. Excellent position and bathing from house. Sandy beach. Mr. and Mrs. Arnaldi, " Libra," 74, Cuthbert Road. Tel. Thanet 31942.

(Continued on page 3 cover)

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(Cont inued from page 19)

K E S W I C K . Highfieid Vegetarian Guest House, T h e Heads, offers beautiful views; varied food and friendly atmosphere.—Write Anne Horner . Tel . 508.

L A K E D I S T R I C T . Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive guest house for invigorating, refreshing holidays.—Write Isabel James. Tel. 134.

L E A M I N G T O N SPA.—" Ovisisana." First class guest house with every modern comfort, vegetarian or vegan diet. Mrs. H. Newman, 28, Lillington Road. Tel. 2148.

L O N D O N . — S m a l l vegetarian guest house, 20 mins. London. Terms moderate. Mrs. M> Noble, 17, Landgrove Road, S.W.19. Tel. W I M b l e d o n 7163.

P E N A R T H — " V e g e t a r i a n Guest House," Rectory Rd. Rest, change, relaxation. Ideal situation. Pleasant holiday resort Overlooking sea. Attractive, generous catering. Sun Lounge. H. c< C. Send for new Brochure.

S C A R B O R O U G H . — S e l e c t guest house overlooking both bays. Highly recommended by vegetarians and vegans. Mulgrave House, 168 Castle Road. Tel. 3793.

i S C A R B O R O U G H . — U p l a n d s Private Hotel . Mr. K. C. Wales, Prince of 1 Wales Terrace. Tel. 2631.

S T . C A T H E R I N E ' S S C H O O L , Almondsbury,. Nr . Bristol.—Progressive co-educational boarding school for children of all ages, specialising in music, dancing, crafts, etc., in addition to usual academic subjects. 400 f t . up, overlooking Channel and Welsh Hills. Own produce.

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