the unification of germany. what is nationalism? 1.devotion and love for one’s country. 2.the...
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The Unification of Germany
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What is nationalism?
1. Devotion and love for one’s country.
2. The desire for national independence felt by people under foreign domination.
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Origins of Nationalism
• Napoleon’s conquest results in German nationalism
• The Congress of Vienna did not address their desire for a single German state
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A Failed Attempt at German Unity
• Frankfurt Assembly (1848) – Germans offer throne to Frederick William IV of Prussia
• Why did he refuse?• He did not believe that
the people should have the power to make him king
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Prussia Leads the Way
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Bismarck – Architect of German Unification
• Otto von Bismarck
– Appointed chancellor (prime minister) by King William I of Prussia
– Realpolitik v. Idealism
– “Iron and Blood” policy to unite Germany
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“Not by speeches and votes of the majority, are the great questions of the time decided — that was the error of 1848 and 1849 — but by iron and blood.”
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PHASE I: “Iron and Blood”
• 3 Wars
– War with Denmark• Alliance with Austria
• Seized Schleswig from Denmark
– War with Austria• Prussia added Holstein
and other German States
– Franco-Prussian War• Ems Dispatch
• Adds final remaining territory
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“Let us lift Germany, so to speak, into the saddle. It will certainly be able to ride.”
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Territory Added by Bismarck
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“Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made.”
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Germany: The Second Reich (Empire)
The new German government:
Kaiser William I
(Kaiser Wilhem I)
Bundesrat"Upper House"
Appointed by rulers of German StatesCould veto any Reichstag decision
Reichstag"Lower House"
Universal Male Suffrage
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“I have seen three emperors in their nakedness, and the sight was not inspiring.”
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Yo Bismarck, what up?!
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PHASE II: INDUSTRIALIZATION
Rapid Industrial Growth due to:– Iron and Coal
– Disciplined work force
– Large population growth
– Leading scientists and chemical companies (Krupp Family)
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Early Domestic Problems• Campaign against the Catholic
Church– Kulturkampf
– Backfired
• Campaign against Socialists– Backfired again
• Bismarck also refused to conquer more land for William II
• William II asked Bismarck to resign as a result
• “There is only one master in the Reich and that is I.”
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Long –Term Effects of German Unification
• William II’s desire for expansion will cause Germany to continue building up its army and ultimately lead to German involvement in WWI.
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Review
• Who was the Prime Minister who unified Germany?
• What was the name of the kingdom that most greatly pressed for unification?
• What was Bismarck’s policy to unify Germany called and what did each part stand for?
• What problems did Bismarck run into after unification?
• Who was the Kaiser who fired Bismarck and led his country into the First World War?
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Germany Italy
When was it finally united?
What state led the way?
Prime Minister?
King/Kaiser
Origins of nationalism
Who opposed unification?