u.s. propaganda posters. causes of wwi alliances (triple entente and triple alliance) nationalism...
TRANSCRIPT
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U.S. Propaganda Posters
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Causes of WWI
• Alliances (Triple Entente and Triple Alliance)
• Nationalism – a devotion to the interest of one’s nation
• Imperialism – a country’s drive to own as many colonies as one can
• Militarism – develop military forces and use them as a tool for diplomacy
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Reasons why the U.S. joins…
• Zimmermann note
• American merchant ships are being sunk because of Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
• Russia replaces its monarchy with a representative government
• Make sure Allies can repay their debts to the United States
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Here comes America…
• 200,000 troops in service when we declare war on April 6, 1917
• Selective Service Act in May 1917 requires American men to register with the government so that it can randomly select men to serve = draft
• 2 million American service men will reach Europe after 8 months of training
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The government steps in…
• War Industries Board- established in 1917 to encourage
companies to use mass production techniques and produce less waste
- led to a 20 percent increase in U.S. production
• Railroad Administration • Fuel Administration
- monitored coal supplies, rationed gas and heating oil
- daylight-saving time in March of 1918
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At home…
• National War Labor Board
- established in 1918
- war raised hourly wages but didn’t help because of rising food and housing costs (stockholders made a lot of money)
- “Work or fight” (6,000 strikes during the war; union members up to 4 million)
- pushed for 8 hr. day, safety inspections, and a ban on child labor
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Food Administration
• Herbert Hoover was put in charge
• “gospel of the clean plate”
• Urged people to cut back on sweets, bread, meats,etc.
• Set a high government price on wheat and other staples
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Show me the money…
• U.S. government spent about 35.5 billion dollars on the war effort
• Raised 1/3 through taxes
-Progressive income tax (tax high incomes at a higher rate)
• Sold “Liberty Loan” and “Victory Loan” bonds (govt. borrows money from citizens)
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The role of women
• Took jobs as railroad workers, cooks, dockworkers, bricklayers
• Mined coal and helped build ships
• Continued as nurses, teachers, and clerks
• Volunteered for the Red Cross and sold war bonds
• 19th amendment passed in 1920
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Propaganda is key…
• Committee on Public Information (CPI)- biased communication designed to increase American support for the war
- George Creel put in charge (muckraker)
- recruited 75,000 men to speak on everything relating to the war/used Boy Scouts
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Anti-German everything
• Discrimination against German immigrants– Pulled German books off shelves– Refused to play Mozart, Bach, etc.– Flagged, tar & feathered, and lynched
German-Americans– Changed German town names
• German Measles Liberty Measles• Hamburger Salisbury Steak/Liberty
Sandwich
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So much for the 1st amendment!
• Espionage & Sedition Acts– Fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20
years in jail for interfering with war effort / badmouthing the government
– Magazines/newspapers which were against he war lost mailing privileges
– Targeted socialist & labor leaders
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Events at home
• Great Migration– Jobs for African Americans in steel mills,
ammunition plants & stockyards
• Flu Epidemic– Affected up to ¼ of total US population– Fall of 1918– Killed 500,000 Americans before ending in
1919
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The cost of war
• 22 million people dead (about half were civilians)
• 48,000 Americans died in battle
• 62,000 Americans died from disease
• Europe is a mess
• Hitler will never forget how Germany was humiliated in the Treaty of Versailles
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Works Cited
Duffy, Michael. First World War. COM. 2000. 29 March 2008http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/usa2.htm .