the transition from gamma to portable x-ray ......gamma vs x-ray cost analysis camera maintenance...
TRANSCRIPT
-
THE TRANSITION FROM
GAMMA TO PORTABLE
X-RAY TECHNOLOGY: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
NDT in Canada Conference
June 16, 2015
Rebecca Rudolph
SALES MANAGER IXP
1
NDT in Canada 2015 Conference, June 15-17, 2015, Edmonton, AB (Canada) - www.ndt.net/app.NDTCanada2015
-
THE COMET GROUP
COMET, AG is a 65 year-old Swiss company and a leading supplier of advanced system and component solutions based on x-ray, electron beam, and RF technologies
Provider of X-ray/EB source technology supporting customer screening, inspection, & material processing requirements
Worldwide representation, with global operations supporting OEMs on a global basis in the US, Europe, and China
Strategy underpinned by product innovation, staff expertise and A+ customer experiences
2
-
Basics of X-Ray: History and Trends
How X-rays are produced
Pros and Cons of Various Technologies
Transitioning to Digital: Applications and
Images
Gamma vs. X-ray: ROI
Conclusions
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
3
-
APPLICATIONS OF X-RAY SOURCES
4
Food Inspection
Fish bones inspection Jelly inspection
Thickness Gauging
Hot steel plate Cold steel plate
e-beam
Sterilization of Food Packaging
Curing of Inks
new
Non Destructive Testing
Wheel inspection Pipeline inspection
Security
Luggage inspection Truck inspection Engine block inspection
Inspection of parked Cars
Sterilization of Pharma Packaging
-
TIMELINE
PORTABLE X-RAY – THE EVOLUTION
First portable X-ray unit Replaces oil with gas insulation Change form Glass tubes to Metal Ceramic Inserts Change from Half-wave to Constant Potential Energy Low weight and compact sized portable X-ray system for in-field X-ray
inspection at 160 kV to 300 kV Redesign for future proof, robust, and reliable performance
5
-
PORTABLE X-RAY – THE EVOLUTION
• From oil filled to gas- filled tube heads
• From glass tubes to Metal Ceramic X-ray inserts
• Improved reliability, X-ray performance and robustness
MODEL YEAR WEIGHT
300kV Portable X-ray Tube Head ̴1962
̴ 130kg
300kV Portable X-ray Tube Head
2015
29kg
-
CONSTANT POTENTIAL ENERGY
7
From half wave to constant potential high voltage technology.
SIGNIFICANT
SHORTER EXPOSURE
TIME
Do
se r
ate
Non constant potential energy
High voltage High voltage
Constant potential energy
Do
se r
ate
-
• Tube made of glass or metal and a very good vacuum (
-
- Cathode
+ Anode
Filament
Vacuum
Focal Spot
High Voltage (e.g. 160 kV)
• Electrical field is shaped by tuning the geometry of tube, cathode and anode in such a way that electrons are focused onto one spot on the anode
TECHNICAL GENERATION OF X-RAYS – FOCAL SPOT
9
-
- Cathode
+ Anode
Filament
Vacuum
Focal Spot
e- e- e- e- e- e-
• Filament (W) is heated above 2000°C causing thermionic emission of electrons • Electrical field accelerates the electrons toward the anode. • Impacting electrons create Brems- and/or Characteristic radiation • Primary output is Thermal Energy (98-99%), X-Ray Energy is only 1-2%
High Voltage (e.g. 160 kV)
TECHNICAL GENERATION OF X-RAYS – X-RAY GENERATION
10
-
e- e- e-
e- e- e-
- Cathode
Filament
Vacuum
Focal Spot
Window High Voltage (e.g. 160 kV)
+ Anode
• The more electrons hitting the anode / the focal spot, the more X-Ray radiation is created. Dose and intensity increase.
• The Anode (made of Tungsten / Tungsten alloy) gets hot and cooling is necessary (water, oil, air)!
TECHNICAL GENERATION OF X-RAYS – X-RAY GENERATION
11
-
e- e- e-
e- e- e-
Coolant - Cathode
Filament
Vacuum
Focal Spot
Window High Voltage (e.g. 160 kV)
+ Anode
TECHNICAL GENERATION OF X-RAYS – X-RAY GENERATION
• The more electrons hitting the anode / the focal spot, the more X-Ray radiation is created. Dose and intensity increase.
• The Anode (made of Tungsten / Tungsten alloy) gets hot and cooling is necessary (water, oil, air)!
12
-
INFLUENCE OF TARGET AND FOCAL SPOT
Enhanced resolution due to smaller focal spots:
FOCAL SPOT
SPECIFICS
13
The bigger the spot the bigger the possible thermal load.
The smaller the spot the higher the image sharpness.
Small, Round & Uniform Good Image Quality
-
INFLUENCE OF TARGET AND FOCAL SPOT
Enhanced resolution due to smaller focal spots:
FOCAL SPOT
SPECIFICS
14
MXR-451
Spot = 2.5 (900W)
MXR-451HP/11
Spot = 0.4 (700W)
-
TECHNICAL GENERATION OF X-RAYS
Vacuum Chamber
Connector
Cathode Anode
Cooling Head
Exit Window
Radiation Protection Housing
Target
Filament
Ceramic
15
-
THE MODERN PORTABLE X-RAY SYSTEM
• Electronic tube head, gas insulated tube tank
• Power transformer
• High voltage multiplier column and filament supply
• Metal ceramic X-ray insert
• Fan for air cooling of anode cooler w/ integrated lead protection
• Small Focal Spot (1.00mm and 3.00mm)
300kV X-Ray Tube
Tube Head Electronics
Power transformer
High voltage Mulitiplier
Filament supply
Metal Ceramic X-Ray Insert
Anode Cooler
Cooling Fan
300kV X-Ray Tube
16
-
THE MODERN PORTABLE X-RAY SYSTEM
• Improved focal spots for better images with digital imaging media
• Lower weight
• Faster exposure times
• Less roped off area, smaller footprint
• Easily transported across borders
EASE OF USE
(15 minutes from weld
available to results)
17
-
THE MODERN PORTABLE X-RAY SYSTEM
• Higher, Variable X-ray power – Easily adjusted
• Same power on the first to last day on the job
• Higher image quality
POWER RANGE AND
AVAILABILITY
16” pipe scan
Contrast adjusted and
artifact magnified
16” Pipe Scan
Contrast adjusted and artifact magnified
18
-
THE MODERN PORTABLE X-RAY SYSTEM
• More efficient cooling - longer exposures at full power Less
leakage radiation and improved safety features
• Work with inverters, generators, 85 - 220 volts
FLEXIBILITY IN
CHALLENGING
ENVIRONMENTS
16” pipe scan
Contrast adjusted and
artifact magnified
16” Pipe Scan
Contrast adjusted and artifact magnified
19
-
THE MODERN PORTABLE X-RAY SYSTEM
• Diagnostics via USB, Ethernet and Bluetooth
• Exposure calculator for faster set up in the field
• Recoverable history for repeatable exposures
• Better System integration
• Seamless User Interface
• Less paper work
REDUCED DOWNTIME
20
-
GAMMA
• The size and weight of a gamma camera make it easy
to transport to remote locations
• No power required
• Simple to “crank out” and “crank in”. Virtually, no
operating instructions needed. Nothing to enter and
no values to program.
PORTABILITY
POWER
EASE OF USE
21
-
GAMMA
• The small diameter source guide tube can be placed
into awkward, tight access positions that an x-ray tube
could never fit.
• Very few parts to break down and no electrical parts at
all. Most servicing and maintenance can be done by
the operator in the field.
POSITIONING
EASE OF
MAINTENTANCE
GAMMA (L)
vs.
XRAY (R)
22
-
GAMMA VS X-RAY
COST ANALYSIS
Additional factors for gamma:
Availability - when reactor shuts down for maintenance backlogs can grow
Exposure allowance - 2 Rems per year though regulations are getting tighter
Accidents - costs in lost time, can be very risky to clean up
Disposal and Storage Costs – while incremental, can be costly
XRAY GAMMA
Initial Startup 39,000 / tube 5,000 / license
Camera no 9,000-15,000
Camera maintenance no 465 +
Annual Inspection no 100 +
Source (Ir192) no 2,500 x 3 refills
Average Purchase Cycle 10 Yrs 1 Yr
Total Cost of Ownership per Year 39,000 22,000 – 29,565
Total Cost of Ownership over 5 Yrs 39,000 54,325 – 82,825
23
-
• According to the Rad Pro
Calculator, a 100 Curie Ir192
Source produces 50 Rem/hour at
1 meter distance.
• At 200kV a COMET PXS 300kV
900 Watt Portable X-Ray Tube
produces 5,000 Rem/hour, almost
100 times more output than the
gamma source.
• This means shorter exposure
times
24
-
LOOKING FORWARD
25
• Same power - first to last day on the job
• Plays well with Digital Imaging
better focal spots, better images
• Less paper work
• Often has faster exposure times
• Less roped off area, smaller footprint
• Works with many power sources
Inverters, Generators, 85-220 volts
• Easy to transport across borders
-
THE SMART EVO SERIES 26 26
-
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
28-05-2015