the spanish & french build empires
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The Spanish & French Build Empires. Chapter 2, Sec 1. The Conquest of Mexico. Hernan Cortes led the Spanish march into the Aztec Empire at the age of 34. . The Conquest of Mexico. The Spanish Encounter the Aztecs Cuba was conquered by Diego Velazquez a Spaniard. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2, Sec 1
The Spanish & French Build Empires
Hernan Cortes led the Spanish march into the Aztec Empire at the age of 34.
The Conquest of Mexico
The Spanish Encounter the AztecsCuba was conquered by Diego Velazquez a
Spaniard. 6 years later smallpox spread through Cuba
killing thousands of Native Americans.Without labor the Spainiards under the
leadership of Cortes began to look at the Yucatan Peninsula for people to work.
The Conquest of Mexico
The Invasion BeginsJeronimo de Aguilar- translated for CortesMalinche- Native woman who translated and
told Cortes about Montezuma’s attack on the Spanish
Motezuma- Aztec leader- tried to sneak attack the Spanish but it didn’t work
The Conquest of Mexico
Quezalcoatl
The Conquest of MexicoCortes defeats the AztecHighlights- The Aztec city was huge and well
organized. There was the tzompantli- or huge rack of human skulls displayed.
Lowlights- Cortes took Montezuma hostage and he went peacefully. The Aztecs rebelled and 4,000 died compared to 450 Spaniards. This was called the Noche Triste (Sad Night)
Not only did the Aztecs die in war but smallpox broke out
New Spain ExpandsRenamed Tenochtitlan, Mexico and it became
New Spain's capitol city.Conquistadors- Spanish conquerors- the men
who led the expeditions
New Spain ExpandsPizarro Conquers the IncaFrancisco Pizarro moved in on the Inca in
present day Peru and took their leader Atahualpa captive.
Bible incident- Atahualpa was eventually killed a year later
and Pizarro put in figureheads who did exactly what he wanted in charge.
New Spain ExpandsSearching for Cities of GoldAfter the success of Pizarro many Spanish
conquistadors went out looking for cities of gold.
They searched north of New Spain in present day Southwest United States.
None of them found any gold, nor did many return alive.
New Spain ExpandsThe Spanish Settle the SouthwestDue to the lack of success with finding gold it
took time for the Southwest to be settled. They eventually settled in New Mexico and
California.El Camino Real- Royal Highway. They setup
missions for the Catholic Church.
Spanish American SocietyThe Enomienda SystemEncomienda- system of rewarding
conquistadors tracts of land.The goal was for them to take care of Native
Americans and convert them to Christianity.Most of the time they abused their power and
Native Americans were overworked and died.
Society Based on ClassIt was a top down society Peninsulares- top gov’t and church spotsCriollos- Spanish born in the coloniesMestizos mixed Spanish and Native American Council of the Indies- Advised the King what
was going on in the Americas
Spanish American Society
Mining and RanchingWhen they realized there wasn’t gold, they
started mining minerals and silverHaciendas- were large ranches that had
massive amounts of cattle
Spanish American Society
King Francis sent Giovanni da Verrazano to map North America’s coastline and then Jacques Cartier to find the Northwest Passage
Northwest Passage- the northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean.
The French Empire in America
France Explores AmericaCartier- He discovered the St. Lawrence river
and tried to found a colony but the harsh winter made him return to France.
The French Empire in America
New France is Founded1500’s- The French began fishing near North
America and started trading with the Native Americans.
1600’s- Beaver fur became very popular in France and King Henry IV of France sent merchants to colonize in North America.
Samuel de Champlain- was the royal geographer sent to help colonize. Settled in Quebec and it became the capitol of New France.
The French Empire in America
Life in New FranceThey did not try to use the land, only trade
furs. Most of the settlers didn’t live here, they
would live among the Native Americans and learned their language known as coureurs de bois- “Runners of the woods”
The French Empire in America
The settling in New France was slow.They felt threatened by the English and
Spanish so they sent over 4,000 people into New France.
The government would give money to those who got married and had kids and would fine those who did not.
New France Settled
Exploring the Mississippi“Big River”Was explored by Louis Joilet and Jacques
Marquette.By 1682 Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle
followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. (1st European to do so)
New France Settled
Settling LouisianaIt was harder than inticipated to settle on the
“Big River” The weather was too hot to trade and food
spoiled quickly.Eventually they created Biloxi and then the
French started growing crops like sugar, rice, tobacco, and indigo. (Brought in slaves to work on the fields)
New France Settled
Rivalry with SpainSt. Augustine, Florida- became the French’s
claim in the Southeast. They were constantly competing with the Spanish.
New France Settled