the six kingdoms
DESCRIPTION
The Six Kingdoms. It’s Alive!!!. In order to be part of a kingdom, an organism must be considered alive . To be alive, an organism has to: Be made of one or more units called cells . Based on a genetic code. Obtain and use energy in a process called metabolism . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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It’s Alive!!!In order to be part of a kingdom, an
organism must be considered alive.To be alive, an organism has to:
Be made of one or more units called cells.Based on a genetic code.Obtain and use energy in a process called metabolism.
Respond to their environment.Maintain homeostasis.Grow and develop ReproduceEvolve
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Classifying OrganismsBiologists classify organisms so that they can
be identified and studied in a logical way.Carolus Linnaeus created a hierarchical
system of naming and classifying organisms (taxonomy) that includes seven levels:kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species. (Domain has since been added).
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Scientists used to rely mainly on physical traits and anatomy to classify organisms.
However, with advances in DNA technology, we now classify organisms based on their genetic/evolutionary history or phylogeny.
Because of this, taxonomic classification is not permanent, but can be changed because of new information discovered using DNA sequencing.
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Kingdom EubacteriaExamples:
E. Coli (http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/49477C30-0513-47BE-88FC-17974CB1F952/0/e_coli.jpg) Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague) http://uhavax.hartford.edu/bugl/Yersinia-pestis.jpg
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To be a Eubacteria...Most of these organisms are
classified as EubacteriaUnicellularProkaryoticCan be heterotrophic or
autotrophicHave cell walls made of
peptidoglycanThese bacteria live in the
same environment as humans.Some are anaerobic – they
don’t need oxygen to live.
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Kingdom ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria – ancient bacteriaUnicellularProkaryoticCan be heterotrophic or autotrophicHave cell walls not made of peptidoglycanProbably among the first life forms on
earth.Live in EXTREME conditions (high
pressure/temperature, deep sea vents, salty places).
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/84150f.jpg
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Kingdom ProtistaExamples:
Amoeba http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/robert.fuller/370%20Files/Week9Soil%20Organisms/amoeba1.jpg
Paramecium http://upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Paramecium.jpg
Plasmodiumhttp://images.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://workforce.cup.edu/buckelew/images/Plasmodium%2520cathemerium%252012%2520midnite.jpg&imgrefurl=http://workforce.cup.edu/buckelew/Plasmodium%2520cathemerium.htm&h=512&w=640&sz=48&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=pBy5L3xpODFaaM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlasmodium%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den
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To be a Protist…Mostly unicellular, some multicellular
coloniesEukaryotic Can be heterotrophic, autotrophic, or bothSome have cell walls made of celluloseReproduce sexually and asexuallyLive in moist environments – no protection
from drying out.Some move by cilia (tiny hairs), flagella (tail),
pseudopods (fake feet)
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Kingdom FungiExamples:
Yeast http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/images/a/yeast%201.jpg
Mushroom http://fogcity.blogs.com/jen/mushroom-
thumb.jpgTruffle http://www.truffle-tree.co.uk/images/truffle_on_grass.jpg
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To be a Fungus…Mostly multicellular, some unicellularEukaryoticExternal heterotrophs – dissolves food
outside the bodyHave cell walls made of chitinReproduces sexually and asexuallyBody made of a mesh of filaments called
hyphae.
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Kingdom PlantaeExamples:
http://andromeda.cavehill.uwi.edu/Aquatic%20plant%20photos/pond%20plant%20use.JPG
http://www.landscapingyourself.com/images/1plant1.jpg
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To be a Plant…MulticellularEukaryoticAutotrophic
Reproduce sexually (flowers) and asexually (vegetative propagation)
Cell walls made of celluloseSpecialized reproductive structures (fruit) to
aid in dispersal of seeds.
http://www.jtrue.com/cartoons/art/low/plant_layoff.jpg
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Kingdom AnimaliaExample:
Daphnia http://www.chasewater.org.uk/images/microscopic/Daphnia%20with
%20eggs.jpg
http://www.fresnochaffeezoo.com/images/polar-bear.gif
http://library.thinkquest.org/11922/fish/flying_fish.jpg
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To be an Animal…MulticellularEukaryoticInternal heterotrophs – dissolves food
inside the bodyMost reproduce sexuallyNo cell wallMany specialized structures for movement
or food gathering5 – 10 million species (99% without a
backbone)
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Naming OrganismsPeople generally use a common name to refer to
organisms on a day-to-day basis.Common names can vary, depending on geographic
location:A cougar a.k.a. mountain lion, a.k.a. puma
Carolus Linnaeus created a hierarchical system of naming and classifying organisms that uses seven levels (taxon).TaxonTaxon Cougar’s Cougar’s
ClassificationClassification
KingdoKingdomm
AnimaliaAnimalia
PhylumPhylum ChordataChordata
ClassClass MammaliaMammalia
OrderOrder CarnivoraCarnivora
FamilyFamily FelidaeFelidae
GenusGenus FelisFelis
SpeciesSpecies concolorconcolor
http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/40/mountain_lion_pictures_sc61.jpg