diversity of living things – the six kingdoms (pages 108-113)
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Diversity of Living Things – The Six Kingdoms (Pages 108-113). Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Fungi 4. Protists 5. Plants 6. Animals. Archaebacteria 1. Single celled 2. Lack nuclei 3. Divide in half Found in harsh e nvironments Methanogens, Extreme Thermophiles. Eubacteria - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Diversity of Living Things – The Six Kingdoms
(Pages 108-113)
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Fungi
4. Protists
5. Plants
6. Animals
Archaebacteria1. Single celled
2. Lack nuclei
3. Divide in half
4. Found in harsh environments
Methanogens, Extreme Thermophiles
Eubacteria1. Single celled
2. Lack nuclei
3. Divide in half
4. Very common
Bacteria (soils), Cyanobacteria (blue-green
algae)
Bioluminescent BacteriaVibrio
• Free living bacteria
• Fresh Water and Salt Water
• Light organs – have special conditions to help the bacteria grow
• Quorum sensing – determines when the bacterial colony will produce the proteins that cause bioluminescence
• Bioluminescence is caused by a group of genes called the lux operon
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
• Soil bacterium
• Bacteria are the only organisms that can take atmospheric nitrogen and turn it into ammonia, which plants can use
• Live in symbiotic relationship with plants in nodules on the roots
• Legumes – clovers, soybeans, kudzu, alfalfa
• Once plants are harvested, nitrogen is released into the soil making it available to other plants
Rhizobium
Fungi1. Absorb food through
their body surface
2. Have cell walls
3. Most live on land
Yeast, mushrooms, mold, mildew
Protists1.Most single celled
2. Have nuclei
3. Most live in water
Paramecia, diatoms, amoebas, Euglena
Fungi• Fungi are decomposers
• Fungi secrete powerful enzymes to digest their food (what they are decomposing)
• The resulting “waste” products are sometimes desirable (tasty) to us humans• Penicillim• Aspergillus
Paramecium
Small crustaceans, daphnia
Algae – round and filamentous
VolvoxDiatoms
Desmids
Protists
Plants1. Many cells
2. Make their own food by photosynthesis
3. Cell walls
Ferns, mosses, trees, herbs, grass
Animals1. Many cells
2. No cell walls
3. Ingest their food
4. Live on land and in water
Corals, sponges, worms, insects, fish, reptiles, birds,
mammals
PlantsAutotrophs
Angiosperms• Flowering plants
• Largest group of plants
• Seeds enclosed in ovary
• Flowers
Gymnosperms• Conifers, Ginkgos
• “naked seeds”
• Seeds develop on scales or cones
Grasses
• Prairies, savannas, shrub lands
• Grasses, shrubs
• Substantial, deep root system
• Fertile soil
AnimalsHeterotrophs
Primary consumers• Herbivores
• Prey animals
• Very numerous
• Insects, rodents, deer, rabbits
Secondary, Tertiary, etc. Consumers
• Omnivores
• Carnivores
• Not as numerous
• Opossum, bear
• Wolf, mountain lion
1. Common Name2. Size3. Year round
resident or migrant?
4. Food
EcosystemA community of organisms
Biotic Living and once living parts of an ecosystem
• Plants- living and dead• Animals – living and dead
AbioticNonliving parts of an
ecosystem• Air• Water• Rocks and sand• Light• Temperature
Biotic Organization• Biosphere
– Earth• Ecosystem
– Both biotic and abiotic factors • Community
– Group of various species that live in an ecosystem
– Only biotic factors• Population
– All the members of one species
• Organism– An individual living thing
CompetitionA relationship between two species in which both species attempt to uses the same limited
resource
Biotic CausesInvasive species
Abiotic CausesNatural disasters
Man made disasters
Energy Pyramid
Energy FlowFood Chain Food Web
Invasive SpeciesA non-native species whose introduction causes damage to the local
ecosystem
• Non-native – a species that is introduced to an ecosystem
• Examples:– Black Rat – first invasive species originally from Asia,
started to spread around 1AD with the increase of shipping
– Kudzu – brought to the US from Japan in 1876 for the Philadelphia Centennial Celebration
– Burmese python – released pets beginning to inhabit the Florida everglades
Chemicals and Pollution• DDT – insecticide used to control malaria, caused eggshell
thinning in birds of prey
• Oil Spills – oil effects all organisms it touches causing widespread illness and death
• Air pollution – burning of fossil fuels causing a build up of CO2 in atmosphere
• Acid Rain – when rain drops pick up sulfur dioxide from energy plants burning coal
Habitat Destruction and Over Harvesting
• Urbanization – loss of food, cover and sometimes predators
• Agriculture – loss of woodlands and wetlands, replaced with less diverse crop fields, more herbicides and pesticides
• Over fishing – decreased fish stock for commercial fisherman