the role of smart electronic components & …...inverter-players-lose-market-share#gs.8x1iuo...

The Role of Smart Electronic

Components & Systems in

Future Energy SystemsThomas Hammer, Albrecht Donat, Michael Metzger

CT REE ENS, Erlangen, Germay

siemens.tld/keywordRestricted © Siemens AG 2018

Future Energy Systems:

Requirements & Design

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2019

25-Nov-19 Thomas Hammer / CT REE ENS

Paris Agreement of COP21, Signed April 22, 2016

Source: C. Bertram et al., Global greenhouse gas emission pathways until 2050. Final report.

Project No. (FKZ) 3714 41 1670, Report No. FB000038/ENG, UBA, Dessau-Rosslau (2019)

public domain per 17 U.S.C. § 101 and § 105

and the Department Copyright InformationCO2 emissions in the

five main scenarios

What does it mean for us?

▪ Cut CO2 emissions as soon and as fast as possible

▪ Remove CO2 from ambient air!

2°C

1.5°C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/public_domain

http://www.state.gov/misc/87529.htm#copyright



GHG Emissions of Germany Covered by

UN Framework Convention on Climate 1990 – 2018

751

563

375

427

313 299

284

200 196

164

168163

132

9382

79

66

64

61

51

1,251

907

866

,0

,200

,400

,600

,800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018*** Ziel

2020**

Ziel

2030**

Ziel

2040**

Ziel

2050**

Energy Industry Industry* Transport Households Commercial/Institutional Agriculture Waste and Waste Water Other Emissions*

substantial greenhouse gas

neutrality

Source: German Environment Agency, National Inventory Reports for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 to 2017 (as of 01/2019) and estimate for 2018

from UBA Press Release 09/2019 (corrected)

Emissions by UN reporting category, without land use, land use change and forestry* Industry: Energy and process-related emissions from industry (1.A.2 & 2);Other Emissions: Other combustion (rest of CRF 1.A.4, 1.A.5 military) & fugitive emissions from fuels (1.B)** Targets 2020 to 2050: Energy Concept of the German Federal Government (2010)*** Short-term forecast for 2018, emissions from commerce, trade & services contained in Other Emissions

Emission of greenhouse gases covered by the UN Framework Convention on Climate

Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents

Target Target Target Target

➢ CO2 emissions have to be cut

drastically in all sectors even in

order to reach Target 2020!

➢ Renewable energy generation

needs to triplicate until 2050



Levers for Reduction of CO2-Emissions

➢ Increase efficiency and reduce CO2 intensity in all sectors

‒ Power generation

‒ Mobility

‒ Residential

‒ Commercial, industry

➢ Renewable generation

‒ Generation capacity

‒ Load factor

➢ Energy storage & demand side management

‒ Battery energy storage systems

‒ Smart metering (benefit)

➢ Sector coupling

‒ e-car charging

‒ Heating / Cooling

‒ Power2Chem



Competitive Levelized Cost of Electricity of

Renewable Generation Technologies

Source: IRENA (2019), Renewable Power Generation

Costs in 2018. International Renewable Energy Agency

(IRENA), Abu Dhabi



The Residual Load Challenge

Thomas Klaus, Carla Vollmer, Kathrin Werner, Harry Lehmann, Klaus Müschen: Energy target

2050:100% renewable electricity supply. Dessau-Roßlau, July 2010, 40 pp. retrieved from

http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/uba-info-medien-e/3997.html



Battery Energy Storage Prices Drop as

Installed Capacity Increases

Tsiropoulos I., Tarvydas. D., Lebedeva N., Li-ion batteries for mobility and

stationary storage applications Scenarios for costs and market growth. EU

Science Hub, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc, JRC113360, EUR 29440 EN, 2018,

doi:10.2760/87175



Fundamental Changes: The Future Energy System will be

Multimodal – Flexible – Decentralized – Digital

Onshore

Wind

Offshore Wind Park

Fossil Power Plant

Storage

Pumped

Hydro

Large Scale

PV Plant

Network Control

Center

Biomass

District heating

cooling

Nanogrid

within Building (e.g. DC grid

in Data Center)

Controllable LV

transformer

Private Wind or Solar

Storage

Solutions

Electrical Vehicle

Infrastructure

Engine

Generator

with C(C)HP**

Bulk Generation Transmission Distribution & DER Customer and Industry

Onshore Wind Park

Microgrid

Controller

Gas Supplier

Microgrid

Power Station Power Station Power Station

Gas Transport Gas Station

Gas Distribution

Smart Building

w/ heat pump &

thermal storage

Thermal

Storage

Power to gas (liquid,

chemical)District

heating

cooling

Heater, Chiller

Heat Station

Pumping Station

Water TransportWater Production

Water Tanks

Water Distribution

Industry

C(C)HP**

Fuel cell

Smart Systems

Integration Challenges



Challenges – 1

Smart, Efficient Energy Conversion and Storage Components

➢ Smart control units comprising smart electronic converters, actuators, sensors, reference communication

interfaces, plug- and play functionality, real-time digital twin capability, and security systems

for all types of energy conversion and storage components such as ...wind turbine, solar module, combined heat and power plant with fuels ranging from biomass to renewable hydrogen, battery module (optimized, life-

extending operation), flow battery, electrolyzer & fuel cell, thermal energy storage (solid, liquid, phase transition, chemical reaction based), and flywheel

(mechanical energy storage).

➢ Innovative business models: Labeling (Certification) of energy supplied.

➢ Security features: Intrusion detection, safe mode operation, system cleaning, and re-establishment of standard

operation.

➢ Smart solar inverters for tandem cell based solar modules:

‒ Micro inverters & by-pass diodes on cell, submodule, or module level

‒ String inverter concepts (module level and above)

Confidential © Siemens AG 2016

14.11.2016 Corporate Technology

Functions of smart inverters

Smart Inverter • Today's smart functions

+

• New, smart functions (including disruptive ones)

• Functions, that enable new, smart functions, such as

• Provide runtime environment for running apps

• Provide interfaces to external service apps (e.g. in the cloud)

• Gather data from external sources, e. g. meteorological data

• Enable various types of bidirectional communication

interfaces (including wireless)

• Optimization of power train (e. g. auto tuning)

• Recognition of adjacent components, including configuration

data (e.g. drive train, PV modules)

• Metering and licensing functions (e.g. for billing purposes)

• Preprocessing and recording of inverter data (e. g.

harmonics, …)

• Drive API to leverage drive functions

Basic

functions

Sm

art

Sm

art

En

ab

lers



Challenges – 2

Stable, Resilient On-Site Energy Systems

➢ Secure on-site multi-modal energy management system

‒ minimizing costs, optimizing operation of components for lifetime & revenue, labeling renewable energy

(certification for green energy trading)

‒ supporting new business models, e.g. demand side management offering flexibility in buildings: Trading

energy peer-to-peer, peer to aggregator, using local energy market platform

‒ quantifying active power quality for green certificates and trading

➢ Hybrid-storage systems e.g. of flow batteries and supercaps offering flexibility & managing power quality

➢ Multi-modal storage integration into on-site energy systems (both commercial and residential) balancing

generation and demand on site level

➢ Energy management systems for industrial sites allowing safe and easy (uninterrupted plant operation)

transition between grid connected and island operation

‒ frequency defining inverters

‒ special security features

➢ Building Energy Management System for integration of buildings with transport (including e-car batteries

as flexibility sources)

➢ DC systems for commercial buildings



Challenges – 3

Secure Transmission and Distribution Grids

➢ Virtual power plant offering flexibility to regional and cross regional grids

➢ Local energy market platform optimizing distribution grids

➢ Grid observability – virtual sensors, optimizing bi-directional flow paths for

trading

➢ Smart Sensor Nodes & Networks: Monitoring physical parameters of grid

installations, providing information about status of grids with bi-directional current

flows (grid transparency).

‒ Smart, wireless sensor nodes with local or cellular connectivity

‒ Smart actuator and sensor nodes with bi-directional communication

‒ Cloud based service platform for smart sensor networks providing self-monitoring &

self-calibration capability, QoS information, reduced requirements for redundancy

Market



Market Perspectives of SSI in Energy Domain

Invest Expected by 2050

Bloomberg New Energy Finance: New Energy Outlook 2019Information retrieved from

https://www.power-technology.com/news/bloomberg-new-energy-outlook-2019/

Increase in World Energy Demand until 2050 – 62%

Invest in power generation capacity by 2050:

Total: tn $ 13.3

Wind: tn $ 5.3

Solar: tn $ 4.2

Energy storage & grids

Battery (BESS) tn $ 0.84

Grid expansion tn $ 11.4Paris Agreement can only be fulfilled by increasing

invest into low GHG emission technologies

https://www.power-technology.com/news/bloomberg-new-energy-outlook-2019/



Global PV Inverter Market

Source: Data adapted from https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/top-five-

inverter-players-lose-market-share#gs.8x1iuo

▪ dominated by Chinese Players

▪ increases in power with ~4%/yeara

▪ may increase in value with CAGR (continuous annual

growth rate) of 5%b

a) see https://www.finanzen.net/nachricht/aktien/solar-pv-inverters-update-2019-

global-market-size-competitive-landscape-key-country-analysis-and-forecast-

to-2023-7648273

b) see https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/9-1-bn-solar-pv-inverter-market-

global-industry-trends-share-size-growth-opportunity-and-forecast-2019-2024--

300805009.html. However, forecasts diverge substantially: The study

presented in a) predicts an CAGR of -13% (falling prices)

https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/top-five-inverter-players-lose-market-share#gs.8x1iuo

https://www.finanzen.net/nachricht/aktien/solar-pv-inverters-update-2019-global-market-size-competitive-landscape-key-country-analysis-and-forecast-to-2023-7648273

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/9-1-bn-solar-pv-inverter-market-global-industry-trends-share-size-growth-opportunity-and-forecast-2019-2024--300805009.html



Potential of Digital Technologies in Energy

Status



Achievements: IREN2 – Energy Campus Wildpoldsried

Grid Control under Island Conditions Microgrid as a Topological Power Plant



SENSIBLE Nuremberg Demonstrator –

Use Cases Integrating Heat & Electricity

1 Point of Common Coupling; 2 Low Temperature; 3 High Temperature

Example for EMS-Operation:

Optimized energy procurement



Source:: https://pebbles-projekt.de/projekt/

https://pebbles-projekt.de/projekt/

How to go forward



Energy System Transformation Requires Customer Specific

Solutions: The Stakeholder Challenge gets an Opportunity

Decarbonize Energy Supply

Reduce Emissions

Save Resources

Employment ...

Energy & Power Supply for all

Domains

Affordable Reliable Resilient

Profitable Business

New Business Models

Politics Customers Markets



Make It Happen

▪ The development of future energy system (FES) technologies can only be

performed if energy system (ENS) infrastructure is available

▪ Thus, addressing SSI for FES application requires coordinated R&D efforts.

▪ R&D roadmaps of SSI community should be aligned with those developed by

ETIP SNET

▪ Take care for regulatory framework for ENS on European level (competition

with Chinese market)

▪ R&D activities need to be accompanied by standardization

▪ Certification of control units for energy components needs to be introduced.

▪ High R&D risk on the system level needs to be considered in funding programs

‒ Don’t limit funding to SME

‒ Consider effective funding quote competitive on international level

‒ Provide test beds for development of FES technologies

Summary



Game changers

▪ Digitalization of ENS Design and Operation: Focus shifting from renewable

generation to multi modal energy system design and operation technologies.

▪ Renewable generation: CAPEX driven business; service orientation as USP.

▪ Decentralization shifting invest from large scale utilities and infrastructure to

small scale generation and local infrastructure: New business models, new

players, new technical requirements regarding smart system integration (e.g.

plug and play energy system).

▪ Digitalization of business processes (e.g. by means of Blockchain

technologies) will further transform energy market.

Societal benefits

• Employment created in digitalization of energy system.

• New business created on local level (e.g. aggregators, …)

• Reduced environmental pollution, CO2 emissions, …

• Acceptance of localized generation and consumption

Competitive value

Fast transformation from centralized hierarchical energy system to decentralized,

flexible, multi modal energy systems

• increases the value of renewable generation capacities,

• decreases levelized costs of renewable electricity,

• decouples costs of heating, cooling, industrial processes, and transportation

from fossil fuel prices.

Challenges

Decentralized, multi modal energy system design & operation technologies

covering all levels of granularity (from building to cross-regional structures) to be

developed

• Digital twins of components and systems enabling systems optimization,

development of plug and play functionality, etc.

• System integrity enabled by hard- and software technologies (IT security, ...)

• Manage complexity: AI supporting optimized energy system operation

(boundary conditions: security of supply, costs, environmental impact, ...)

• Future ENS risk assessment, contingency analysis; development of strategies

improving ENS resilience.

Future Energy Systems (ENS) – Decarbonized,

Decentralized, Digitalized



Contact

Thomas Hammer, Dr. rer. nat.

Senior Principal Research Scientist

Corporate Technology, Research on

Energy and Electronics, Energy Systems

Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1

91058 Erlangen, Germany

Phone: +49 9131 17-33123

Fax: +49 9131 7-24709

Mobile: +49 172 84 02 19 6

E-mail:

[email protected]

siemens.com

mailto:[email protected]

the role of smart electronic components & …...inverter-players-lose-market-share#gs.8x1iuo...

Documents