the role of lifespan activities on muscular ......universities of helsinki, eastern finland, oulu,...
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Exploratory Workshop Exploratory Workshop The Future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EThe Future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10W10--170)170)Rome, Italy Rome, Italy -- September 14September 14--17, 201117, 2011Convened by: Laura Capranica, Jan Cabri and Romain MeeusenConvened by: Laura Capranica, Jan Cabri and Romain Meeusen
THE ROLE OF LIFESPAN ACTIVITIESON MUSCULAR FUNCTION
Prof. Janne Avela
Department of biology of physical activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Standing Committees:European Medical Research Councils (EMSC), Humanities: (SCH), Social Sciences (SCSS)European Science Foundation ▪ 1 quai Lezay Marnésia ▪ BP90015 ▪ FR-67080 Strasbourg Cedex
Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 36 or 46 ▪ Fax: +33 (0)3 88 37 05 32 ▪ Email: [email protected] ▪http://www.esf.org/workshops
BIOMECHANICS
University of Jyväskylä
founded in 1934
one of the largest universities in Finland
total income 204million euro
7 faculties
some 15,000 students
staff about 2,600
London
Paris
Berlin
Madrid Rome
Athens
Core Fields in Research and Education
Basic natural phenomena and the structure of matter
Education, learning, and teaching in the future
Languages, culture, and social change processes
Physical activity and wellbeing
Human technology
Top Disciplines in the 2010 Research Evaluation
Biology of Physical Activity
Top score
PsychologyMathematicalInformation Technology
Excellent international levelBiological and
Environmental Science Physics History and Ethnology
LanguagesMathematics and
Statistics
Music Health Sciences
Chemistry
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences
Department of Health Sciences
Department of Sport Sciences
Department of Biology of Physical Activity
Major subjects (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.)• Exercise Physiology • Biomechanics • Science of Sports Coaching and Fitness Testing
Special Degree Programmes (2 yrs.)• Master’s Degree Programme in Biology of Physical Activity• Wellness technology • Sports technology (in Vuokatti)
About 150 students
Studies at the Department
Exploratory Workshop Exploratory Workshop The Future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EThe Future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10W10--170)170)
Standing Committees:European Medical Research Councils (EMSC), Humanities: (SCH), Social Sciences (SCSS)
Educational Opportunities for Young Researchers
• PhD programmme of Biology of Physical Activity • National Doctoral Programme of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Biomaterials, Joint PhD Programme with the Universities of Helsinki, Eastern Finland, Oulu, Tampere and Turku• 4 year programmes, 70 ECTSs dedicated to research work supporting courses + PhD thesis (4-5 original articles)• Dedicated Symposia: Annual international symposia in biology of physical activity
• Future plans: Double degree PhD Programme with the University of Aalborg, Denmark
Exploratory Workshop Exploratory Workshop The future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EThe future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10W10--170)170)
Standing Committees:European Medical Research Councils (EMSC), Humanities: (SCH), Social Sciences (SCSS)
THE ROLE OF LIFESPAN ACTIVITIES ON MUSCULAR FUNCTION
• Physical activity patterns are prone to change during aging.
• Physical activities include less and less strenuous, strong and fast muscle contractions.
• When interpreting data from aging population, it is difficult to identify the changes in e.g. motor control and muscular function that are purely influenced by the aging process.
Exploratory Workshop Exploratory Workshop The future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EThe future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10W10--170)170)
Standing Committees:European Medical Research Councils (EMSC), Humanities: (SCH), Social Sciences (SCSS)
Background
Function of the neuromuscular system changes during ageing
Reduction in muscle strength
Decreased muscle mass
Background
Loss of fast motor units (remodeling)Number of motor units decreasesSize of the motor units increases
Central activation failure!?
Background
•Reduced (cortico)spinal excitability•Increased presynaptic inhibition
Exploratory Workshop Exploratory Workshop The future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EThe future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10W10--170)170)
Standing Committees:European Medical Research Councils (EMSC), Humanities: (SCH), Social Sciences (SCSS)
Open Questions•These degenerations can lead to serious problems in motor control of elderly people, including weakened balance control and increased risk of falling.
•Falling accidents usually occur in dynamic situations
•Thus, possible differences in balance control and in the underlying mechanisms between young and elderly people should be investigated in conditions where the individual tries to regain balance after a dynamic standing perturbation.
Preliminary results
Strength training in elderly
(Häkkinen et al. 1998)
Strength training in elderly
Muscle activation
H-reflex sensitivity
Exploratory Workshop Exploratory Workshop The future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EThe future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10W10--170)170)
Standing Committees:European Medical Research Councils (EMSC), Humanities: (SCH), Social Sciences (SCSS)
Conclusion and Enhancing Synergies
Maintenance of physical activities, which include also strenuous, strong and fast muscular contractions, throughout the lifespan is extremely important for healthy motor control and, thus muscular function.
International collaboration is needed to develop most efficient training interventions with sufficiently large cohorts.
Scientific evidence for decision-makers.