the rise of the greeks 1000- 500 bce. great acropolis in athens
TRANSCRIPT
The Rise of the Greeks
1000- 500 BCE
Great Acropolis in Athens
• Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country.
• A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money.
• City-states were cities that acted like countries
Emergence of the Polis
• The polis (city-state) was an urban center and its rural territory
• Characteristic features of the polis included an acropolis, an agora (marketplace), fortified walls, and public buildings
• There were frequent wars between the various city-states
Persian Wars: Famous Battles
$ Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens
$ Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the
Mountain pass
$ Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious
Greek Military
• The Greeks developed a style of warfare that used hoplites—a close formation of heavily armored infantrymen who would try to break the enemy’s line of defense
• The soldiers were mostly farmer-citizens who served for short periods of time when called
• This is a phalanx.• Soldiers get in a tight
box. They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.
Political: Athens was the first democracy
• Democracy: type of government where people vote.
• Well, actually, Athens was a direct democracy where people vote on everything.
• The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for people to make decisions for us.
Social Inequality
• Athenian democracy was very limited in its scope
• Only free adult males participated in Athenian democracy
• They accounted for about 10 or 15 percent of the total population.
• Women, children, slaves, and foreigners did not have the rights of citizens
Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates
Know thyself! The unexamined life is not worth living.
I know that I know nothing. question everything only the pursuit of goodness
brings happiness.
$ Plato The Academy The world of the FORMS The Republic philosopher-king
$ Aristotle The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.
SPARTA
Spartan Society
• In order to ensure food supply, Sparta conquered their neighbors in Messina.
• Messinians were turned into slaves called helots.
• To guard against slave uprisings, Spartans developed a militaristic way of life.
Spartans
Sparta
• Spartan society was obsessed with war.
• Boys were sent to military school at a young age.
• Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides
Peloponnesian Wars
Athenian Navy
• Trireme• trireme—a fast,
maneuverable 170-oar boat
• Lower class Athenians were used as rowers.
• Tried to ram other ships or break off their oars.
Alexander the Great
Alexander’s Empire
Greek Achievements
• Medicine – Hippocrates, “the Hippocratic oath”• Math – Pythagoras, Euclid• Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles• History – Thucydides• The first Olympics• Homer’s “Odyssey” and “Iliad”• Greek Mythology• Scientific Method
Greek Alphabet