chandragupta: 321 bce-298 bce unified northern india. challenged the greeks and created the...
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ChandraguptaChandragupta: 321 BCE-298 : 321 BCE-298 BCEBCE
ChandraguptaChandragupta: 321 BCE-298 : 321 BCE-298 BCEBCE
Unified northern India.Unified northern India.
Challenged the Greeks and Challenged the Greeks and created the Mauryan Empire created the Mauryan Empire
Divided his empire intoDivided his empire into provinces, then districts provinces, then districts for tax assessments and law for tax assessments and law enforcement. enforcement.
He feared assassination He feared assassination [like Saddam[like Saddam Hussein] Hussein] food tasters, slept in food tasters, slept in differentdifferent rooms, etc. rooms, etc.
301 BCE 301 BCE gave up his throne & gave up his throne & helpedhelped spread Buddhism spread Buddhism
The Maurya EmpireThe Maurya EmpireThe Maurya EmpireThe Maurya Empire
321 BCE – 185 BCE321 BCE – 185 BCE
KautilyaKautilyaKautilyaKautilya Chandragupta’s advisorChandragupta’s advisor..
Brahmin caste.Brahmin caste.
Wrote Wrote The Treatise onThe Treatise on Material Gain Material Gain or the or the ArthashastraArthashastra..
A guide for the king and his A guide for the king and his ministers:ministers:
Supports royal power.Supports royal power.
The great evil in society is The great evil in society is anarchyanarchy..
Therefore, a single authority is Therefore, a single authority is needed to employ force when needed to employ force when necessary! necessary!
AsokaAsoka (304 – 232 BCE) (304 – 232 BCE)AsokaAsoka (304 – 232 BCE) (304 – 232 BCE)
Religious conversion Religious conversion after the gruesome after the gruesome battle of battle of KalingaKalinga in in 262 BCE. 262 BCE.
Dedicated his life to Dedicated his life to BuddhismBuddhism..
Built extensive roadsBuilt extensive roads..
Conflict Conflict how to balance how to balance Kautilya’sKautilya’s methods of keeping methods of keeping powerpower and Buddha’s demands to and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless become a selfless person?person?
AsokAsoka’s a’s
EmpiEmpirere
AsokAsoka’s a’s
EmpiEmpirere
Asoka’s law codeAsoka’s law codeAsoka’s law codeAsoka’s law code
Edicts scattered inEdicts scattered in more than 30 places more than 30 places in India, Nepal, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Pakistan, & Afghanistan.
Written mostly inWritten mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. Greek and Aramaic.
10 rock edicts10 rock edicts..
Each pillar [Each pillar [stupastupa] is 40’-50’ high.] is 40’-50’ high.
Buddhist principles dominate his Buddhist principles dominate his lawslaws..
One One of of
AsokAsoka’sa’sStStupasupas
One One of of
AsokAsoka’sa’sStStupasupas
WomenWomenUnder Under
ananAsokaAsokatreetree
WomenWomenUnder Under
ananAsokaAsokatreetree
Turmoil & a power Vacuum:Turmoil & a power Vacuum:220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE
Turmoil & a power Vacuum:Turmoil & a power Vacuum:220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE
Tamils
Tamils
The Maurya Empire is divided into many The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms.kingdoms.
Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 320 CE – 647 CE647 CE
Gupta Empire:Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 320 CE – 647 CE647 CE
Gupta RulersGupta RulersGupta RulersGupta Rulers Chandra GuptaChandra Gupta II
r. 320 – 335 CEr. 320 – 335 CE
“ “Great King of Great King of Kings”Kings”
Chandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta II r. 375 - 415 CEr. 375 - 415 CE
Profitable trade Profitable trade withwith the Mediterranean the Mediterranean world! world!
Hindu revivalHindu revival
Huns invade – 450 Huns invade – 450 CECE
Fa-HsienFa-Hsien: Life in : Life in Gupta IndiaGupta India
Fa-HsienFa-Hsien: Life in : Life in Gupta IndiaGupta India Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along
the the Silk Road Silk Road and visited India in the 5c.and visited India in the 5c.
He was following the pathHe was following the path of the Buddha. of the Buddha.
He reported the people to He reported the people to be happy, relatively free of be happy, relatively free of government oppression, and government oppression, and inclined towards courtesy and inclined towards courtesy and charity. Other references in charity. Other references in the journal, however, the journal, however, indicate indicate that the caste system was that the caste system was rapidly assuming its basic features, rapidly assuming its basic features, includingincluding "untouchability," "untouchability," the social isolation of a the social isolation of a lowestlowest class that is doomed to menial labor. class that is doomed to menial labor.
Chandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta IIChandra Gupta II
International Trade International Trade Routes during the GuptasRoutes during the Guptas
International Trade International Trade Routes during the GuptasRoutes during the Guptas
Extensive TradeExtensive Trade Extensive TradeExtensive Trade
spices
spices
spicesspices
gold & gold &
ivoryivory
gold & gold & ivoryivory
rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses
cotton goods
cotton goods
cotton goods
cotton goodssilkssilks
KalidasaKalidasaKalidasaKalidasa
The greatest of Indian poetsThe greatest of Indian poets..
His most famous play was His most famous play was ShakuntalaShakuntala..
During the reign of Chandra Gupta During the reign of Chandra Gupta II. II.
GuptGuptaa
ArtArt
GuptGuptaa
ArtArt
Greatly influenced Greatly influenced Southeast Asian art & Southeast Asian art &
architecture.architecture.
MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature
MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy
PrintedPrintedmedicinal medicinal
guidesguides
1000 1000 diseasesdiseasesclassifiedclassified
PlasticPlasticSurgerySurgery
C-sectionsC-sectionsperformeperforme
dd
InoculatioInoculationsns
500 healing500 healingplants plants
identifiedidentified
DecimalDecimalSystemSystem
ConceptConceptof Zeroof Zero
PI = 3.1416PI = 3.1416
KalidasKalidasaa
SolarSolarCalendarCalendar
The The earthearth
is roundis round
GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia
Gupta Gupta AchievemeAchieveme
ntsnts
Gupta Gupta AchievemeAchieveme
ntsnts
The Decline of the The Decline of the GuptasGuptas
The Decline of the The Decline of the GuptasGuptas Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c
signaledsignaled the end of the Gupta Golden Age the end of the Gupta Golden Age, even , even thoughthough at first, the Guptas defeated them. at first, the Guptas defeated them.
After the decline of the Gupta empire, After the decline of the Gupta empire, northnorth India broke into a number of separate India broke into a number of separate HinduHindu kingdoms kingdoms and was not really unified again and was not really unified again untiluntil the coming of the Muslims in the 7c. the coming of the Muslims in the 7c.
THE SRIVIJAYAN KINGDOM
THE SRIVIJAYAN KINGDOM
• located on Sumatra
• dominated the new southern trade route through the Strait of Malacca
Political SystemPolitical System
•Combined four different ecological Combined four different ecological zones zones and their local rulers and their local rulers under under the authority of the Srivijayan kingthe authority of the Srivijayan king•These four zones were: (1) the core These four zones were: (1) the core area along the Musi River; (2) the area along the Musi River; (2) the upland Sumatran interior; (3) river upland Sumatran interior; (3) river ports; and (4) the fertile rice lands of ports; and (4) the fertile rice lands of central Java. central Java.
The Power of the KingThe Power of the King
•maintained their control over this complex maintained their control over this complex system through a combination of system through a combination of military military power, diplomacy and control of tradepower, diplomacy and control of trade•used the splendor of their capital to attract used the splendor of their capital to attract resources and laborresources and labor•temporal power of the kings was temporal power of the kings was enhanced by popular belief in their magical enhanced by popular belief in their magical powerspowers•patronized Buddhist monasteries and patronized Buddhist monasteries and schools.schools.
Influence of Indian CultureInfluence of Indian Culture• powerful influence on Srivijayan concepts powerful influence on Srivijayan concepts
of kingship and governmentof kingship and government• Hindu and Buddhist religions became Hindu and Buddhist religions became
dominant dominant • they borrowed selectively from Indian they borrowed selectively from Indian
civilization and civilization and adapted what they adapted what they borrowed to their own culture and needsborrowed to their own culture and needs
Srivijayan DeclineSrivijayan Decline
• Changes in trade routes led Changes in trade routes led to the decline of Srivijaya to the decline of Srivijaya in in the eleventh century. The the eleventh century. The capital was destroyed in capital was destroyed in 1025 by the Chola kingdom. 1025 by the Chola kingdom.