the rise of spain. centralizing spain marriage of isabella of castile and ferdinand of aragon...
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The Rise of Spain
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Centralizing Spain
•Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon•Catholic monarchs•Created religious orthodoxy
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Spanish Inquisition
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• Enforce the conversion of Moors and Jews
• Interrogated and punished those questioning Church doctrine
• Reinforced the power of the monarchy
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Spain’s Economy
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• Colonial Empire– 10 % Crown’s
income– triple silver
resources• 16th century
European Boom• Traded with
France and Italian city-states.
• Supplied the colonies
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Spain’s Monarchy
Spanish Hapsburg
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• Charles V (son of Joanna) a Hapsburg (1519 - 1558)
• Holy Roman Emperor• Many wars and high
taxation• Philip II inherited
Spain• Developed larger
bureaucracy• Logistics created
difficulties
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• Phillip II (1556 – 1598)• Inherited Portugal,
possessed 17 provinces of the Netherlands and the Free County of Burgundy.
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• 1550 - 1650• Potosi • Cervantes Don Quixote• Lope de Vega wrote
200 dramas• El Greco, Murillo, and
Velazquez• Jesuit Suarez -
philosphy
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Decline of Spain• Overextended• Dutch Revolt• High taxation• Inquisition in land
of Calvinists• Duke of Alba
(Council of Troubles)
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Revolt of the Netherlands
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• Spanish Road
• Spanish Mutinies
• Spanish Desertion Defeat of the Spanish Armada
• Maurice de Nassau
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• Price Revolution (Gold and Silver from America)
• 1568 - 1598 5 times the military expenditures of the Dutch, English and French.
• 1576, epidemics, plagues, harvest failures.
• New taxation (Excise [sales] Tax)
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History• Ruled by Spain (Charles V)
1516 - 1648
• Federalist union
• Defensive alliance against Spain
• Did not want absolutism
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• Seven provinces with States General
• Autonomy, provincial sovereignty, and religious pluralism
• Nobility weak economic and political role
• Oligarchy• House of Orange served as
chief officials
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• 17th century saw development
• Amsterdam Public Bank backbone of financial operations
• Facilitate foreign trade
• Expanded agriculture
• Land reclamation, increased productivity sustain larger population
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• 1630s 2,500 ships accounted for 1/2 of Europe shipping
• Trade monopolies were granted
• Dutch East India Company
• Established company settlements in the East
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• Famous mathamatician, physicist, and astronomer
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• Father of microbiology.
• Improved the microscope
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• Laid foundations for international law
• Freedom of the seas
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• Greatest Painters in European history.
• Most important Dutch Painter
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• Rival resources of population (England and France)
• Wars against England drained resources.
• Foreign tariffs on Dutch goods
• Colonial empire lagged behind
• Louis XIV
• Industry could not compete (wages and technology)