the rise of dictators and wwii section 1: steps to war
TRANSCRIPT
The Rise of Dictators The Rise of Dictators and WWIIand WWII
Section 1: Steps to WarSection 1: Steps to War
The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators Dictators (absolute rulers) seized power Dictators (absolute rulers) seized power
in Italy, Germany, Japan, Soviet Union in Italy, Germany, Japan, Soviet Union after World War Iafter World War I
Germany was treated severely after WWI Germany was treated severely after WWI (stripped of territory, forced to disarm, (stripped of territory, forced to disarm, pay reparations)pay reparations)
Worldwide Depression also hit – many Worldwide Depression also hit – many people looked to new leaders to solve people looked to new leaders to solve problemsproblems
The MAJOR Dictators: Benito Mussolini in The MAJOR Dictators: Benito Mussolini in Italy; Adolf Hitler in Germany; Joseph Italy; Adolf Hitler in Germany; Joseph Stalin in the Soviet UnionStalin in the Soviet Union
Benito Mussolini (Italy)Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Preached a Preached a government called government called FascismFascism – includes – includes intense patriotism intense patriotism & nationalism& nationalism
Very much linked Very much linked to racism and to racism and cultural superioritycultural superiority
Adolf Hitler (Germany)Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Leader of the Nazi Leader of the Nazi PartyParty
Spoke about Spoke about Germany racial Germany racial superioritysuperiority
Wanted revenge Wanted revenge for Germany’s loss for Germany’s loss in World War Iin World War I
Hitler SpeechHitler Speech
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
Communist leader Communist leader (Russia went (Russia went Communist after Communist after WWI)WWI)
Controlled every Controlled every aspect of people’s aspect of people’s liveslives
Eliminated Eliminated allall competition to him competition to him in order to stay in in order to stay in powerpower
Dictators Expand TerritoryDictators Expand Territory
1931 – Japan 1931 – Japan attacks Manchuria attacks Manchuria in northern Chinain northern China
Japan wanted more Japan wanted more natural resources natural resources for its growing for its growing population population (Manchuria is rich (Manchuria is rich in natural in natural resources)resources)
Italy invades EthiopiaItaly invades Ethiopia
1935 – Italy 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in invaded Ethiopia in AfricaAfrica
Mussolini wanted Mussolini wanted new areas to new areas to expand his empire expand his empire in Africain Africa
Germany Begins ConquestsGermany Begins Conquests
1936 – Hitler moves 1936 – Hitler moves troops into the troops into the RhinelandRhineland (German (German region near the French region near the French border)border)
WWI treaty said WWI treaty said nono German troops hereGerman troops here
French Gov’t and French Gov’t and League of Nations – League of Nations – TAKE NO ACTIONTAKE NO ACTION
German-Italian AllianceGerman-Italian Alliance Germany and Italy Germany and Italy
formed the formed the Axis Axis PowersPowers
Now – two dictators Now – two dictators with stated goals of with stated goals of expansion are good expansion are good friendsfriends
Axis Powers help Axis Powers help Spain’s Fascist Spain’s Fascist military overthrow its military overthrow its elected government elected government (Spanish Civil War)(Spanish Civil War)
Mussolini and Hitler
Hitler begins his own ConquestsHitler begins his own Conquests
1938 – Hitler and the 1938 – Hitler and the Germans invade Germans invade Austria (most Austria (most Austrians spoke Austrians spoke German and German and welcomed becoming a welcomed becoming a part of Germany)part of Germany)
But…Hitler and the But…Hitler and the Germans were Germans were expanding – and the expanding – and the WWI treaty told them WWI treaty told them not to…not to…
The SudetenlandThe Sudetenland
After taking Austria After taking Austria – Hitler wanted – Hitler wanted moremore
His next desire is His next desire is the the SudetenlandSudetenland in in CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
The Czechs didn’t The Czechs didn’t want to give this want to give this area to Germany – area to Germany – nor did France and nor did France and RussiaRussia
Germany’s ExpansionGermany’s Expansion
““Appeasement” at MunichAppeasement” at Munich The British step in to The British step in to
offer a peace and offer a peace and avoid waravoid war
British Prime Minister British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain meets with Hitler in meets with Hitler in Munich, GermanyMunich, Germany• They agree to give They agree to give
Hitler the Hitler the SudetenlandSudetenland
• Hitler has to promise Hitler has to promise he is done seeking he is done seeking territoryterritory
Reactions to MunichReactions to Munich Neville Neville
ChamberlainChamberlain, the , the British Prime British Prime Minister who came Minister who came up with the up with the agreement, said agreement, said that he had that he had achieved “peace in achieved “peace in our time”our time”
Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill, , the future Prime the future Prime Minister, said: Minister, said: “Britain and France “Britain and France had to choose had to choose between war and between war and shame. They chose shame. They chose shame. They will shame. They will get war, too.”get war, too.”
Hitler breaks his promise: Germany Hitler breaks his promise: Germany Starts the WarStarts the War
After being given Sudetenland – Hitler After being given Sudetenland – Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakiatakes the rest of Czechoslovakia
Hitler signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Hitler signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin and the Soviet Union (they agree to Stalin and the Soviet Union (they agree to not make war on each other) – now France not make war on each other) – now France and Britain have lost an ally in Stalinand Britain have lost an ally in Stalin
Immediately after – Germany invaded Immediately after – Germany invaded Poland (France & Britain declare war on Poland (France & Britain declare war on Germany) WWII officially beginsGermany) WWII officially begins