The Respiratory The Respiratory SystemSystem

I. OverviewI. Overview Consists of 6 major organs: Consists of 6 major organs: nose, nose,

pharynx, larynx, trachea, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungsbronchial tubes, and lungs

Function together to perform Function together to perform breathingbreathing

Works with circulatory system to Works with circulatory system to deliver oxygen to all cells of the body deliver oxygen to all cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide (COand remove carbon dioxide (CO22))

II. RespirationII. Respiration

Divided into 3 parts: Divided into 3 parts: ventilation, ventilation, external respiration and internal external respiration and internal respirationrespiration

1.1. VentilationVentilation- flow of air between the - flow of air between the outside environment and lungsoutside environment and lungs

a.a. InhalationInhalation- flow of air into the lungs-- flow of air into the lungs-brings in fresh Obrings in fresh O22

b.b. ExhalationExhalation- flow of air out of the lungs – - flow of air out of the lungs – removes COremoves CO22

2. External Respiration2. External Respiration

a.a. Is the exchange of OIs the exchange of O22 and CO and CO22 that that takes place in the lungstakes place in the lungs

b.b. Gases diffuse in opposite directions Gases diffuse in opposite directions between the air sacs of the lungs between the air sacs of the lungs and bloodstream (Oand bloodstream (O22 enters enters bloodstream from air sacs, CObloodstream from air sacs, CO22 does the opposite)does the opposite)

3. Internal Respiration 3. Internal Respiration

a.a. Aka Aka tissue breathingtissue breathing

b.b. Process of OProcess of O22 and CO and CO22 exchange at exchange at the cellular level for the cellular level for metabolismmetabolism

c.c. OO2 2 leaves blood to go the tissuesleaves blood to go the tissues

d.d. COCO22 becomes the by-product of becomes the by-product of metabolismmetabolism

III. NoseIII. Nose The process of The process of ventilationventilation begins with begins with

the the nosenose Air enters the nasal cavity through the Air enters the nasal cavity through the

naresnares (2 openings) (2 openings) Nose is divided in the middle by the Nose is divided in the middle by the

nasal septumnasal septum The The palate palate (roof of mouth) separates (roof of mouth) separates

the the nasal cavitynasal cavity from the mouth from the mouth

Nasal cavityNasal cavity lined with mucous lined with mucous membrane that secretes membrane that secretes mucousmucous- - which cleanses air by trapping dust which cleanses air by trapping dust and bacteria and moisturizes inhaled and bacteria and moisturizes inhaled airair

CiliaCilia- small hairs that line the opening - small hairs that line the opening to the nose that serve as filters to the nose that serve as filters

Paranasal sinuses-Paranasal sinuses- air-filled cavities air-filled cavities located within the facial bones – act as located within the facial bones – act as an echo chamberan echo chamber

IV. PharynxIV. Pharynx Next air enters the pharynx (throat) Next air enters the pharynx (throat) Consists of 3 parts: Consists of 3 parts: nasopharynx, nasopharynx,

oropharynx and laryngopharynxoropharynx and laryngopharynx NasopharynxNasopharynx, contains the , contains the adenoidsadenoids, ,

or or pharyngeal tonsilspharyngeal tonsils Oropharynx,Oropharynx, contains contains palatinepalatine and and

lingual tonsilslingual tonsils The The eustachian or auditory tubeeustachian or auditory tube is is

located in the nasopharynx and opens to located in the nasopharynx and opens to equalize air pressure every time we equalize air pressure every time we swallowswallow

V. LarynxV. Larynx Aka the Aka the voice boxvoice box Muscular structure between the pharynx Muscular structure between the pharynx

and trachea that contains the vocal and trachea that contains the vocal cordscords

Sound is produced by vibration as air Sound is produced by vibration as air passes through the passes through the glottisglottis – opening – opening between the 2 vocal cordsbetween the 2 vocal cords

The epiglottis sits above the glottis and The epiglottis sits above the glottis and provides protection against food and provides protection against food and liquid being inhaled into the lungsliquid being inhaled into the lungs

The walls of the larynx are made up of The walls of the larynx are made up of several cartilage plates, one of them the several cartilage plates, one of them the thyroid cartilagethyroid cartilage that forms the that forms the Adam’s appleAdam’s apple..– Usually larger in males than females, Usually larger in males than females,

helping to produce the deep voice in maleshelping to produce the deep voice in males

VI. TracheaVI. Trachea

Aka the Aka the windpipewindpipe Passageway for air that goes from Passageway for air that goes from

the pharynx and larynx down to the the pharynx and larynx down to the main bronchimain bronchi

Lined with mucous and cilia to assist Lined with mucous and cilia to assist in cleansing, warming and in cleansing, warming and moisturizing air as it goes to the moisturizing air as it goes to the lungslungs