The Renaissance

1300-1600

• Is it better to be feared or loved as a leader?

– …as a teacher?– …as a friend?

• Please explain and provide examples to support your answer.

Renaissance

Notes 1

Rebirth!

• The 100 years War and the Bubonic Plague had lasting effects on the people of the Middle Ages.

• Those that survived, wanted to celebrate life, and the human spirit.

• Many people questioned the church, they turned from awaiting their reward in Heaven and now lived to cherish life in the “now”.

• This new focus on the Human and all of life's gifts in this world ignited a revival of art and learning.

• Renaissance – “rebirth” was the name given to this time period. It lasted from 1300-1600 AD.

Classical & Worldly Values• The study of classic works of the Greeks and

Romans influenced new ideas and thought.• The study of classical texts led to Humanism, an

intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievement.

• Humanist popularized the study of such subjects as history, literature, and philosophy – these today are known as the humanities.

• The Renaissance was not a time of sacrifice but indulgence – enjoying what the world had to offer.

• The renaissance was born in Northern Italy and eventually spread throughout Europe.

“The Renaissance Man”• During this period most people remained devout

Catholics, however some became secular- worldly rather than spiritual and concerned with here and now.

• Many wealthy people including kings, and high ranking members of the church spent money on art, and they became known as patrons.

• The Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to make art, and excel in many areas of study.

• “The Renaissance Man” – “universal Man” - was the term given to a man who excelled in many areas of study, created art, and was also athletic.

• Renaissance women were expected to inspire art, as well as be educated in the classics.

Renaissance Literature

• Many early Renaissance writers were critical of the Catholic church, and focused many of their writings on pointing out failures.- these writers became known as Christian Humanists.

• One example is Thomas More of England who wrote Utopia, Greek for “no place”, which tried to show a better model of society. – The book was about an imaginary land where greed,

corruption and war are nonexistent. • The Renaissance had spread to England by the 1500s, a time

known as the Elizabethan Age, after Queen Elizabeth I. • The most famous writer of this time was William Shakespeare.

– Writers use the vernacular—their native language

• Some plays include Othello, Romeo & Juliet and King Lear.

The Printing Press• Around 1440 -Johann Gutenberg a craftsman from

Germany invented the Printing Press.• The Printing press made it possibly to produce

books and other literature quickly and cheaply.• Printing Press was cheap & efficient.• A greater availability of books prompted a desire

for learning and a rise in literacy.• New published accounts of discovery, maps & charts and inventions.• Published laws and legal proceedings.• New jobs available.

The Printing Press• Gutenberg Printing Press

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksLaBnZVRnM

• Modern Letter Press– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqUqbwEawHM

LBHS

• http://explore.levi.com/news/design/levis-makers-forestbound/

• James Tucker– Long Branch High School Class of 2002

Niccolo Machiavelli

• Machiavelli Advises Rulers– Niccolo Machievelli,

author of a political guidebook, The Prince

– The Prince examines how rulers can gain and keep power

#ModernPrintingPress

• What technologies do we have today that is comparable to the printing press?

• Who has access to these technologies?

• What is the potential benefit?

• What is the potential danger?– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rej9n3CDtRY

• If I gave you this map, what question(s) would you ask me?

• Why?

• This curiosity will help lead to the Age of Exploration

Renaissance

Notes 2

Looking back…• What does the word “renaissance” mean?• Where was the birthplace of the Renaissance?• What is Humanism?• What is the definition of a Renaissance Man?• What art styles did Renaissance art draw

techniques from?

Changes in Art & Society• Art forms brought back Greek and Roman styles. • Artist began to create art that was more secular,

while still focusing on religious art with a humanist touch.

• The printing press made more information available and sparked a new interest in reading.

• Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to more discoveries.

• Published legal proceedings made laws clear, and more people understood their rights.

• People & writers began to question political structures & religious practices.

Renaissance Art

• Drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome.

• Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature more realistically.

• It portrayed religious subjects with a realistic style.

• They introduced the technique perspective, which shows 3 dimensions on a flat surface.

Merchants & The Medici• The merchant class rose to power in many city-

states throughout Italy. • Because this class did not have royal bloodlines,

they used wit to succeed in business enterprises, and win the people over.

• In the 1200s the banking industry came under control of a powerful family, the Medici.

• The Medici’s made money by giving loans, much like a modern bank.

• The Medici family controlled Florence under a dictatorship, and created a non-royal dynasty.

• What kind of symbolism do you get from the clip?– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68bWYi

j_FgM

• Who are the Turtles? The Rat?

• If you could change 1 thing at LBHS what would it be?

• Explain

The Reformation

Notes 1

Causes of the Reformation• Renaissance ideas focused on

humanism and the individual not the church.

• Corrupt leaders of the church.– Popes fathered children.– Lived a lavish lifestyle, and

spent extravagantly. – Hired poor, uneducated priest

to perform religious duties.– Papal Bulls: can override

laws, excommunicate, canonize, and promote people to church positions.

The sale of indulgences & relics.

• Friar Johann Tetzel - Selling forgiveness of sins to pay for St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.

The Church also sold bones of saints which were said to perform miracles.

The Result

• The church was the wealthiest institution in Europe, and merchants and others resented having to pay taxes.

The Reformation• Reform means “to change”. A reformer sees both a problem

and solution. • Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses which spoke out against

the practice of selling indulgences. • He posted a copy on the door of the castle at Wittenberg,

Germany. People copied the posting and took it straight to the printing press.

• Quickly Luther’s work and name spread throughout Europe and began the Protestant Reformation.

• Protestant Reformation: a series of religious movements that called for the urgent change in the Roman Catholic Church.

• The reformation eventually led to the formation of a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism, which did not accept the popes authority over the church.

Luther’s teachings & the Pope’s response

• Luther’s Teachings

– Luther preached that you can earn salvation by faith and god’s forgiveness - The church taught that good works were needed.

– All teachings should be taken from the bible the pope and church traditions are false.

– People did not need priest to interpret the bible for them, all people were capable of interpretation.

• The Pope excommunicated Luther, and later King Charles V put him on trial he was found guilty.

• The Edict of Worms declared him an outlaw -no one was to give him shelter or food.

• Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony hid him, and he later returned to Wittenberg, where he and his followers became known as Lutherans.

Vs.

LBHS Theses Centers• Given sections of the LBHS Student Handbook you

and your group will create a list of “LBHS Theses” as Martin Luther did against the Catholic Church

• You will be divided up into small groups and assigned to read, discuss, and reform rules you feel are unjust

Product:• 3 LBHS reformations turned in with all group

member names.

We will present and discuss our reformations at the end

LBHS Theses Next Steps• Type up a complete list of our reformed rules

– See Mr. Smiga & Ms. O’Neill after school

• Attend the next Class of 2017 meeting – Listen to the announcements Period E

• Briefly explain and submit your reforms to Mr. O’Keefe and the Class of 2017 representatives– Extra credit will be given to the students who follow up

Reformation Situations (If Time Permits)

• We are going to take a look at 4 pairs of different (yet similar) situations

• After each situation pair we will have a small discussion and you will answer the questions that follow in your notes

Scenario 1• Indulgences — When a person commits a sin, he or she can

expect eternal punishment. The church was “selling” indulgences; in other words, they were allowing people to buy forgiveness of their sins.

• TODAY: You got into a fight in the hall. The school rule is that you are suspended when you fight at school. Your mom calls in and is willing to make a big contribution to the discipline committee if you can get out of your suspension. The principal agrees. The person you fought with cannot afford to make a contribution so he must spend 10 days at home as punishment for the fight.

• How are these two episodes similar? React to this scenario below.

Scenario 2• Lifestyle — St. Francis of Assisi believed that all church

people should live a life of poverty to imitate the life of Christ. He narrowly avoided being called a “heretic” or a member of the church who holds different beliefs than those in power. This caused great internal conflict.

• TODAY: The principal believes that every teacher needs to give homework every night. He is the boss and the ultimate authority in the school. A teacher believes that homework is not appropriate every night and therefore does not follow the rule and encourages others to break the rule as well. She narrowly misses being fired by the board of education on a 3-2 vote.

• How are these two episodes similar? How are they different? React to this scenario.

Scenario 3

• Decline in prestige (influence) — There was a decline in power and influence of some of the ruling-class people in authority. The church depended upon these people to collect taxes for them and to enforce the church orders. This was not happening.

• TODAY: The treasurer of the school district has made a large error in bookkeeping. This has been well publicized in the community and people are upset by the error. The board wants to put a new levy on the ballot to keep the district out of debt. There is not much support for the levy within the community.

• How are these episodes similar? React to this scenario.

Scenario 4• The Pope — Pope Alexander from Spain gave his

Spanish relatives anything they asked for. He helped his illegitimate son attempt to become ruler of the land.

• TODAY: The superintendent of your school district has made his wife the assistant superintendent. He also has hired his son to teach and coach in one of his schools.

• How are these episodes similar? React to this scenario.

• Where can you go for a hamburger other than Macdonald’s?

• Why are there so many other options?

• People don’t like monopolies– The Roman Catholic Church ~ Macdonald’s

Open Your Books

• For this part of the notes be prepared to reference p 491 – 493 in the textbook

Henry Wants a Son• Henry VIII became king in 1509, and was a devout

Catholic. • Married Catherine of Aragon of Spain, and had one

daughter - Mary, but no son to inherit the throne. • Church law did not grant divorces- Henry went to

Parliament- the body that over saw law, and had them grant him permission and accept his authority over the pope.

• He secretly married Anne Boleyn, but only had a daughter - Elizabeth.

• Anne Boleyn was tried and executed for treason. • He married Jane Seymour and finally had a son

Edward. - Jane died 2 weeks after giving birth.

Henry VIII’s Standard Wife Portrait

The 6 Wives of Henry

Successors to the throne

• 1547-Edward takes the throne at the age of 9 - advised by protestants - he rules for 6 years and died.

• 1553- Mary takes the throne and restores ties with the Catholic church - she died in 1558.

• 1558- Elizabeth takes the throne, a Protestant - Parliament set up the Anglican Church, and Elizabeth is head (The only legal church of England).

The Reformation Continues• John Calvin admired Martin Luther’s ideas

about church reform and also believed in the protestant idea that people could not obtain salvation by good works.

• He published the Institutes of Christian Religion, which examined his beliefs including the idea that salvation is predestined - meaning god has only chosen a few which will reach salvation.

• This became known as Calvinism - a branch of Protestantism.

Geneva Switzerland• Calvin arrives in 1540’s and transforms the small city into a

Theocracy - a government ruled by religious leaders.• It had strict rules including no bright colored clothing,

mandatory religion class, no gambling/cardgames. • If you broke these rules you would be excommunicated,

banished, or imprisoned.• If you were caught speaking against the religion you would

be burned at the stake. • John Knox, a preacher visited the city and admired the

high moral standards and government. He returned home to Scotland and began the same type of government

• The people who oversaw it became known as Presbyters - Knox’s followers became known as Presbyterians.

The Reformation ContinuesThe Early Christian Church

Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodoxy

Protestant

Lutheranism

AnglicanismCalvinism

1. Presbyterian

2. Reformed

1. Episcopalian

2. Baptist

3. Methodist

4. Pentecostal

Russian

Greek

Europe Changes Political Borders

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y46sZQQeEaY

The Catholic Reformation• While Protestant churches won many followers, millions

remained catholic.• A movement known as the catholic reformation took place, to

continue to keep followers by reforming the church within. • Pope Paul III - investigated the sale of indulgences. • He called for a council of church leaders to meet at Trent, Italy. • They agreed on several doctrines:

– The church’s interpretation of the bible was final.– Christians needed good works for salvation.– The bible and church authority were equally powerful.– False indulgences were banned.

• Pope Paul IV - 1599 calls for officials to draw up a list of books dangerous to the catholic faith.

• Known Index of forbidden books - they were collected/seized and burned.

• Make a prediction about what will happen in Europe over the next few years now that there are so many different religions and new boarders

–Support your prediction