ADSORPTION

The removal of dissolved substances

from solution using adsorbents such

as activated carbon

The physical form of the GAC may The physical form of the GAC may The physical form of the GAC may The physical form of the GAC may depend on source of raw materialsdepend on source of raw materialsdepend on source of raw materialsdepend on source of raw materials

MANUFACTURE OFMANUFACTURE OFMANUFACTURE OFMANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON:ACTIVATED CARBON:ACTIVATED CARBON:ACTIVATED CARBON: DIFFERENT RAW

MATERIALS

Prior carbonization for softer raw materialsPrior carbonization for softer raw materialsPrior carbonization for softer raw materialsPrior carbonization for softer raw materials

MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED

CARBON FROM COAL

ACTIVATION

FURNACE

TYPES

Rotary kiln �

Multiple Hearth ↑

DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FORMS DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FORMS DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FORMS DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FORMS

OF ACTIVATED CARBONOF ACTIVATED CARBONOF ACTIVATED CARBONOF ACTIVATED CARBON

First magnification of carbon granules

Continued magnification

Continued magnification

Continued conceptual

magnification

Continued conceptual

magnification

Continued conceptual

magnification

ScanningScanningScanningScanning Electron Electron Electron Electron MicroscopeMicroscopeMicroscopeMicroscope Photo ofPhoto ofPhoto ofPhoto of GACGACGACGAC

Area of a few Area of a few Area of a few Area of a few grams of grams of grams of grams of activated activated activated activated carboncarboncarboncarbon

Application

Methodology

Granular ActivatedGranular ActivatedGranular ActivatedGranular Activated Carbon ColumnsCarbon ColumnsCarbon ColumnsCarbon Columns

GAC SilosGAC SilosGAC SilosGAC Silos

Gas PurificationGas PurificationGas PurificationGas Purification

Contacting

Column

Internals

Typical isotherm solid-phase concentration (y-axis) vs liquid phase concentration (x-axis)

This is a favorable isotherm:

higher solid-phase concentration

at low liquid concentrations

Column Hydraulics

Which of these two “twins”

pioneered adsorption modeling?

Langmuir!

Adsorptive ForcesAdsorptive ForcesAdsorptive ForcesAdsorptive Forces

The effect of molecular size and The effect of molecular size and The effect of molecular size and The effect of molecular size and functional groups on adsorbabilityfunctional groups on adsorbabilityfunctional groups on adsorbabilityfunctional groups on adsorbability

Langmuir isotherm

Freundlich isotherm (linear scale)

Freundlich isotherm, log-log scale

-3

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5

Log C

Log (x/m)

Freundlich isotherm, compared with real data

Four GAC columns in seriesFour GAC columns in seriesFour GAC columns in seriesFour GAC columns in series

REACTIVATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON

Transport of GAC

Decentralized Multiple Hearth

Regeneration Facility