The New Nation

George WashingtonElected 1789- created the first Cabinet

oDepartment of State- Thomas JeffersonoDepartment of War- Henry KnoxoDepartment of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton

• Judiciary Act of 1789 Supreme Court, District Court, Circuit Court

Hamilton vs. JeffersonHamilton Federalist (Strong national Gov’t)Jefferson Anti- Federalist ( Strong state gov’t)Hamilton proposes selling gov’t bonds to pay off Am. Rev. war debts proposes creating Bank of the US (BUS)S. angry b/c most had already paid off debtsHamilton has a “loose construction” of Constitution to justify financial programsJefferson opposes Hamilton’s plans “strict construction” of Const. Congress passed Hamilton’s measures, but compromised southerners would get to have the US capital b/t VA & MD

Thomas JeffersonAlexander Hamilton

The Whiskey Rebellion and a Two Party SystemWhiskey was a cheap/easy way for back country farmers to make moneyHamilton imposes a tax, or tariff, for making or selling “extra” whiskeyFarmers refused to pay= rebellionWashington personally escorts large army to put down insurrectionWR and Hamilton/Jefferson debate divide congress Political PartiesHamilton: Federalist Jefferson: Democrat-Republican

Foreign PolicyGB settlers still west of App Mtns.--> giving NA weapons to resist US expansionBattle of Fallen Timbers- US takes complete control of OhioTreaty of GreenvilleJohn Jay signs treaty with GB to give up forts on US soil- 1794 Jay TreatyFrench Revolution- US must decide whether to support or notDem-Rep (Jefferson) supported Fr. Nationals; Federalists (Hamilton) opposedWashington stays neutralUS also wants shipping rights on Mississippi Spain ownsThomas Pinckney signs treaty with Spain allowing US trade

Washington to AdamsWashington does not seek 3rd termGives famous Farewell Address

Will not run for a 3rd termoSteer clear of entangling alliances with other nationsoWarns citizens not to create factions (political parties)

Sectionalism grows- taking sides based on regionoFeds- John Adams (N) Dem-Rep- Thomas Jefferson (S)

Adams wins, but must avoid war with France and GBFrench upset about Jay’s Treaty with GB and seizes US ships (impressment)XYZ Affair- FR. Pres. refuses to talk to US about probs, instead sends 3 reps (XYZ) to US demanding money in order to see Fr. PresidentCongress passes Alien and Sedition Acts- can arrest and deport anyone who criticizes gov’tJefferson and Madison (D-R) felt acts violated 1st Am.Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions to nullify Alien and Sedition Acts

Election of 1800Jefferson (DR) vs. Adams (F)Jefferson beat Adams, but tied with VP candidate Aaron BurrH of Reps. had to decide tie, Hamilton convinced Congress to vote for JeffersonBurr killed Hamilton in a duel

The Revolution of 1800Thomas Jefferson becomes 3rd Pres. without conflictCut nat’l debt and streamlined gov’tAppoints John Marshall as Chief Justice of SC Federalist

Marbury v. MadisonAs John Adams left office, he appointed numerous Federalist “midnight judges” to various courtsWilliam Marbury, one of the judges, was denied his job by James Madison, Sec. of StateMarbury sued, John Marshall declared judicial review right of SC to declare a federal law unconstituitonalMarbury lost, Marshall decision proves nat’l gov’t is powerful

Louisiana Purchase-1803Jefferson eyes LA territory (owned by Spain) for US settlementIn a secret deal, Spain traded territory to France’s Napoleon BonaparteJefferson bought the land for $15 million, Bonaparte needed the money for a war he was fighting with GBConstitution did not authorize the purchaseLewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

The War of 1812Desperate British navy begins impressing (kidnapping and forcing) US navy sailors to work on their shipsJefferson issues an embargo (stopping trade) against GBEmbargo hurt US more than GBJames Madison becomes president in 1808

War of 1812 continued… Problems in West

Tecumseh tries to resist US expansion

William Henry Harrison destroyed Tecumseh army at Battle of Tippecanoe

War Hawks (young congressman) pushed for war with GBblamed GB for probs with NA

US invades Canada first, but failed US navy did well on Great Lakes

1814- GB invades US and burns White House Francis Scott Key writes “Star Spangled Banner”

Battle of New Orleans

• Andrew Jackson wins Battle of New Orleans• Treaty of Ghent Peace treaty ends war with GB• War proved US needs a strong army, but showed

world US could stand up for itself• Adams-Onis Treaty: US gains rights to Florida

from Spain