the new nation faces challenges
DESCRIPTION
The New Nation Faces Challenges. Essential Questions. What actions did Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as presidents? What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the eighteenth century? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The New Nation Faces Challenges
![Page 2: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Essential Questions1)What actions did Washington,
Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as presidents?
2)What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the eighteenth century?
3)What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. expand to the Pacific coast?
![Page 3: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1) What actions did Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson take as President?
![Page 4: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Washington’s PresidencySet up Cabinet
Dept of State: Thomas JeffersonDept of Treasury: Alexander HamiltonDept of War: Henry Knox
Set up Supreme Court w/ Judiciary Act of 1789Hamilton’s Financial Plan = compromise
Fed gov’t take on all debtsRaise revenue by taxing importsCreate national bank
![Page 5: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Conflict Over National BankThomas Jefferson: Strict ConstructionistAlexander Hamilton: Loose ConstructionistHamilton convinces Washington to sign bill for
New National Bank
![Page 6: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Jefferson’s PresidencyMarbury v. Madison 1803
Adams appointed many Federalists to judgeships: “Midnight Judges”
Thomas Jefferson and Madison refused to deliver commissions
Supreme court ruled they did not have power to make Madison deliver Commission (one branch cannot force action on another)
Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave court this power was declared unconstitutional
Established Judicial review: courts can declare laws unconstitutional
![Page 7: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Louisiana Purchase• Purchased from
France• Jefferson felt
uncomfortable: constitutional?
• Decided it was acceptable• Presidents can
negotiate treaties• Doubled the size of
U.S.
![Page 8: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
War of 1812Causes: impressment, helping Nat-AmsEffects: Foreign respect for U.S., national pride,
less Nat-Am resistance
![Page 9: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Monroe’s Presidency“Era of good feelings”Domestic Policy:
1. McCulloch v. Maryland Agreed w/ idea of National Bank National gov’t interests above state
interests
2. Gibbons v. Ogden National gov’t has right to regulate
trade between states
![Page 10: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Foreign Policy: Adams-Onis Treaty
(1819)Acquired FloridaEstablish
boundary w/SpainMonroe Doctrine
Americas off limits to European colonization
![Page 11: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Missouri CompromiseMissouri petitioned to join union1819: 11 states free, 11 slave statesCompromise: Maine=free AND Missouri=slaveSlavery banned above compromise line
![Page 12: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Age of JacksonIndian Removal ActRelocation of five native tribes
to area west of Mississippi (Indian Territory)
Known as Trail of TearsNational Bank2nd Bank charter runs outUnconstitutional state banks
![Page 13: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conflict over States Rights1832 Congress passes
Tariff on imported goodsNullification crisis
South declared law “null and void”
Threatened to secedeCompromise: Tariffs
would be reduced for 10 years
![Page 14: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Talk to your neighbor: What are some of the most important events that took place during the Presidencies of Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, and Jackson?
![Page 15: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2) What were the effects of the religious and reform movements that emerged in the nineteenth century?
![Page 16: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Second Great Awakening1st Great Awakening1730s, emphasis on repenting
sins, church membership grew2nd Great AwakeningAmericans join churches and
attend revival meetings in record #s in 1820s and 1830s
Emphasis: Live well, work hard, do God’s work on earth
![Page 17: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reform EraTemperance Movement – alcohol awarenessEducation Reforms – increased access to
educationPrison Reforms – separate mentally ill
![Page 18: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Urban Reform Many immigrants from
Germany and Ireland in mid 1800s
Worked in factories, lived in crowded apt buildings
Local boards of health were est.
Workers began to organize to demand better working conditions
Ten hour movement
![Page 19: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Women’s RightsSeneca Falls Convention 1848First women’s rights
meetingOrganized by Lucretia
Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Declaration of Sentiments“All men and women are
created equal”
![Page 20: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
AbolitionAntislavery Efforts in the SouthBy 1850 250,000 freemen
Helped others escapeSpoke out against slavery
Slave Uprisings - Nat TurnerUnderground Railroad
![Page 21: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Abolition Movement in NorthSlavery seen as morally wrongAmerican Anti-Slavery SocietyAbolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke
sisters, Frederick Douglass
Garrison Grimke Sisters Douglass
![Page 22: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kerry Washington Performs Sojourner Truth’s“Ain’t I A Woman” speech
![Page 23: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Talk to your neighbor:What were some causes and effects of the reform movements in the 1800s?
![Page 24: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3) What is Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. expand to the Pacific coast?
![Page 25: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Manifest DestinyDefinition: Belief that it was America’s God
given right to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
![Page 27: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• 80,000 move to CA in 1849• 1850 31st State
The California Gold Rush – 1848
![Page 28: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Set US - British Canada border at 49th parallelThe Oregon Treaty
![Page 29: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Americans settle Texas• Belonged to Spain, then Mexico• In exchange for land must surrender American
citizenship, swear allegiance to Mexico, adopt Roman Catholic religion
• Texans declare independence from Mexico on Mar 2 1836
Texas Independence
![Page 30: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Alamo- Fort in San Antonio- Mexicans kill nearly all defenders- Texans win Battle of San Jacinto and
gain independence
![Page 31: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Texans vote to join Union• Opinion of Americans mixed • Texas joins Union in 1845 as a
slave state • Mexico breaks diplomatic
relations with U.S.• U.S. offers to pay for New
Mexico and CA• Mexico refuses, boundary
dispute and war begins
War With Mexico
![Page 32: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Californians easily defeat Mexican forces• Declare CA to be independent Republic of
California• U.S. forces arrive and gain control of CA• U.S. forces overwhelm Mexican forces in U.S.
and Mexico
Bear Flag Revolt
![Page 33: The New Nation Faces Challenges](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/568165af550346895dd8a05c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 18481. Mexico gives up TX2. Mexican Cession: U.S. gets land in
present day CA, NV, UT, WY, CO, AZ, NM 3. US pays Mexico $15M
4. Gadsden Purchase
Area in red: Mexican CessionArea in orange: Gadsden Purchase