the motor industry of japan 2015 - japan automobile ... - … 1. shipments from all manufacturing...

Sources: Economic Census, Labor Force Survey, Input-Output Tables for Japan, Census of Manufactures, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications’ Statistics Bureau; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Note: Figures are rounded off to the nearest thousand.

EMPLOYMENT IN THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES

Total employment in auto manufacturing& related industries:5.5 million (8.7%)

Total employment (workforce)

in Japan:63.51 million

(100%)

........................ 394,000............................. 12,000

................................... 3,000

............................ 178,000

.................................................................... 608,000

...................................................................... 17,000

Automobile manufacturing

(including motorcycles)

Auto parts and accessories manufacturing

Auto body and trailer manufacturing

Automobile Production ................................................. 803,000

Automotive fuel retailing

Auto damage insurance

Automobile recycling

Automotive Fuel/Insurance/Recycling ......................... 409,000

Road Transport ........................................................... 2,810,000

Materials & Equipment Supply ..................................... 392,000

Sales & Services .......................................................... 1,085,000

.......................... 1,793,000........................ 622,000

............... 351,000................................ 44,000

...................... 637,000

........ 176,000............................... 272,000

Automobile retailing

(including motorcycles, used vehicles, and

auto parts and accessories)

Automobile wholesaling

(including motorcycles, used vehicles, and

finished/used parts and accessories)

Automobile servicing

Road freight transport

Road passenger transport

Road transport-related services

Vehicle rental services

Electrical machinery & equipment

Non-ferrous metals

Iron & steel

Metal products

Chemicals (including paints),

textiles, and petroleum

Plastics, rubber, and glass

Electronic parts & equipment

Manufacturing machinery

............. 62,000..................................... 17,000

................................................ 108,000............................................ 36,000

.............................. 19,000.......................... 94,000

.................... 27,000.......................... 29,000

Number of employees

A Vast Range of Related IndustriesAutomobiles are the focus of an extremely wide range of industrial and related activity, from materials supply and vehicle production to sales, servicing, freight shipping and other auto-centered operations. Auto-related employment in Japan at present totals 5.5 million people.

Automobile-Related Industries and Total EmploymentAutomotive Industry

1

Automobile Manufacturing Is an Integrated IndustryAn automobile typically is composed of 20,000 to 30,000 parts, all of which even the largest vehicle manufacturers cannot produce themselves. Automakers therefore either outsource production or purchase finished products (such as tires, batteries, air conditioners and audio systems). Finished products purchased by the automakers include products manufactured abroad, and the volume of imported components increases yearly. Automobile manufacturing is thus an integrated industry because it relies on many supporting industries to produce the great diversity of materials and components it uses. Trends in the automobile industry, which makes huge investments in equipment and research-and-development activities, are considered a barometer of the economy.

PRINCIPAL MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS USED IN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING

INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS (PROJECTED, FY 2014)

INVESTMENTS IN R&D OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS (FY 2013)

Cast iron

Common steel

Special steel

Copper

Lead, tin, zinc

Aluminum

Noble metals

Other non-ferrous metals

Synthetic resin

Glass

Rubber

Ceramics

Textiles

Leather

Paper

Wood

Paints

Chemicals

Animal and vegetable oils

Fats and oils

Other3,771

(17.6%)Non-Ferrous

Metals1,471 (6.9%)

Automotive &Other Transport

Equipment6,217 (29.1%)

ElectronicCircuits, Parts& Equipment2,061 (9.7%)

Electronic Circuits,Parts & Equipment

5,998 (5.3%)

Petroleum & Coal494 (2.3%)

Pharmaceuticals14,371 (12.8%)

Chemicals3,063

(14.4%)

Pulp, Paper& Paper Products

575 (2.7%)

General Machinery& Equipment

2,206 (10.3%)

AllManufacturing

Sectors21,350(100%)

Other10,567(9.4%)

TransportEquipment

24,972 (22.2%)

IT & TelecommunicationsEquipment

16,708 (14.8%)

Chemicals7,519 (6.7%)

Iron & Steel1,392 (1.2%)

Electrical Machinery& Equipment

10,724 (9.5%) AllManufacturing

Sectors112,615 (100%)

Note: Japan’s fiscal year (FY) starts on April 1 and ends on March 31 of the following year. Source: Survey on Corporate Finance, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Source: Survey on Research Activities in Science and Technology, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

x 100 million yen x 100 million yen

Engine parts, e.g. cylinder blocks

Chassis, frames, wheel parts

Gears, axle shafts, crankshafts, fuel injection equipment

Electricals, radiators, cables

Engine metals, solder, body varnish, batteries

Engine parts (e.g. pistons, cylinder heads), wheels, chassis

Emissions aftertreatment parts

Magnets, plating

Steering wheels, bumpers, radiator grilles, body components

Window glass, mirrors, headlamps

Tires, sealing parts, vibration control parts

Plugs, electronic parts, sensors, emissions aftertreatment parts

Seats, linings, seatbelts

Seats, packing

Filters

Load-carrying platforms, interior equipment

Ornamental and rustproof paints

Antifreeze, engine oil, transmission oil, brake oil

For casting

For lubrication, heat treatment, etc.

Sensors, ECUs, actuators

For casting

Fuel, heat treatment, paint drying, power generation

Investment in Materials and EquipmentAutomotive Industry

Springs, dampers

Turbochargers

Bearings

Machined parts, e.g. pumps

Tires and tubes

Batteries

Window glass

Onboard tools, e.g. jacks

Supplies, e.g. extinguishers, tire chains

Electronic parts

Lights, cables, optical fibers

Air conditioners, air cleaners

Starters, alternators, generators, inverters, meters

Audio systems, phones, navigation systems

Safety equipment, e.g. anti-lock brakes, airbags, traction control

Coke

Petroleum, electricity, natural gas

GeneralMachinery

& Equipment18,027 (16.0%)

Iron & Steel630 (3.0%)

Automotive24,137(21.4%)

Electrical Machinery& Equipment862 (4.0%)

Foods2,337 (2.1%)

2

Machinery Industries

Chemicals Iron &Steel

Non-FerrousMetals

MetalProducts

GeneralMachinery

ElectricalMachinery

&Equipment

Transport Equipment

Automotive

Subtotal Other Total

Automotive Shipments

Year

COMPARISON OF VALUE OF AUTOMOTIVE SHIPMENTS TO TOTAL VALUE OF ALL MANUFACTURING SHIPMENTS

Notes: 1. Shipments from all manufacturing operations with four or more employees are included in this data. 2. Compilation of data on production in value terms was discontinued in 1996 and replaced by data on shipments in value terms. 3. Figures in value terms include domestic consumption tax revenue from shipments. 4. “Electrical Machinery & Equipment” includes IT-related electronic parts and equipment as of 2002.

Source for all statistical data on this page: Census of Manufactures, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

TransportEquipment582,032(19.9%)

Chemicals274,092(9.4%)

Iron& Steel

179,053(6.1%)

ElectricalMachinery

& Equipment368,283(12.6%)

GeneralMachinery320,911(11.0%)

Metal Products130,606(4.5%)

Other977,885(33.5%)

SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN VALUE TERMS (2013)

Total2,920,921(100%)

Automotive 519,710(17.8%)

Breakdown of automotive shipments: Automobiles (including motorcycles) ................................

Auto bodies and trailers .........................................................

Automotive parts and accessories ......................................

x 100 million yen

As % of Value of Machinery

Shipments

As % of Total Value of

Manufacturing Shipments

x 100 million yen

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13052004Year

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

Total value of all manufacturing shipmentsTotal value of automotive shipments x 1 trillion yen

SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN VALUE TERMS

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

55,402

104,381

179,787

205,524

235,030

233,625

237,994

241,493

250,271

261,995

282,939

281,299

242,757

262,120

263,512

260,379

274,092

65,648

113,063

178,956

177,543

182,687

140,727

119,630

141,413

168,964

184,727

211,917

243,322

159,884

181,463

186,656

180,121

179,053

30,547

39,087

81,186

63,836

78,217

64,964

62,189

61,931

67,116

90,162

107,705

104,805

69,400

89,114

90,225

89,228

88,059

37,277

65,731

106,465

130,944

185,736

176,465

155,868

134,543

140,159

144,510

151,889

151,492

124,267

122,920

121,277

128,607

130,606

68,028

106,112

175,998

241,904

332,249

298,844

304,132

290,742

312,108

333,313

362,734

402,477

289,320

306,186

322,495

330,816

320,911

73,305

108,213

222,346

408,422

545,286

548,309

595,817

498,469

495,083

511,634

553,265

518,797

400,593

442,848

403,789

369,426

368,283

72,758

147,935

249,536

361,793

468,582

442,145

444,474

506,995

539,999

598,356

639,100

637,666

471,866

542,136

505,870

564,858

582,032

54,673

105,241

212,346

276,927

423,106

395,613

400,429

458,122

489,548

541,091

571,848

566,053

404,915

472,962

439,592

502,627

519,710

223,008

379,551

682,457

1,055,932

1,397,439

1,330,364

1,385,612

1,335,931

1,385,037

1,484,034

1,597,840

1,558,940

1,161,779

1,291,170

1,232,154

1,265,100

1,271,226

287,383

589,807

952,724

1,063,240

1,205,939

1,155,277

1,115,720

968,597

988,717

1,023,649

1,058,017

1,015,930

894,503

944,290

955,863

963,841

977,885

690,348

1,274,329

2,146,998

2,653,206

3,233,726

3,060,356

3,035,824

2,844,183

2,962,417

3,148,346

3,367,566

3,355,788

2,652,590

2,891,077

2,849,688

2,887,276

2,920,921

24.5

27.7

31.1

26.2

30.3

29.7

28.9

34.3

35.3

36.5

35.8

36.3

34.9

36.6

35.7

39.7

40.9

7.9

8.3

9.9

10.4

13.1

12.9

13.2

16.1

16.5

17.2

17.0

16.9

15.3

16.4

15.4

17.4

17.8

284.4296.2

45.8 49.0

314.8

336.8

54.1

335.6

56.6

265.3

40.5

289.1

47.3

288.7

50.3

285.0

44.0

292.1

52.057.2

Automobile Manufacturing Is a Core IndustryThe automotive industry is one of the Japanese economy’s core industrial sectors. In 2013 automotive shipments accounted for 17.8% of the total value of Japan’s manufacturing shipments, and 40.9% of the value of the machinery industries’ combined shipments. Automotive shipments (both domestic and export shipments, including motorcycles, auto parts, etc.) in value terms totalled 52.0 trillion yen in 2013, up 3.4% from the previous year.

Automotive Shipments in Value TermsAutomotive Industry

Non-FerrousMetals

88,059 (3.0%)

203,3945,271

311,045

3

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Passenger Cars, Trucks, Buses Auto Parts Motorcycles &

Motorcycle PartsChg. (%)

185,267

175,126

93,679

125,956

115,417

127,521

142,411

147,849

114.5

94.5

53.5

134.5

91.6

110.5

111.7

103.8

143,170

137,361

66,933

91,741

82,042

92,250

104,125

109,194

33,555

30,655

23,089

30,833

29,972

32,051

34,762

34,750

8,543

7,110

3,657

3,382

3,403

3,220

3,524

3,905

839,314

810,181

541,706

673,996

655,465

637,476

697,742

730,930

Exports TotalMotor Vehicles

111.5

96.5

66.9

124.4

97.3

97.3

109.5

104.8

Chg. (%)Year

Notes: 1. “Passenger Cars, Trucks, Buses” includes chassis. 2. FOB: Free on board; CIF: Cost, insurance, and freight. 3. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

AUTOMOTIVE EXPORTS IN VALUE TERMS (FOB)

Source for all statistical data on this page: The Summary Report on Trade of Japan, Ministry of Finance

x 100 million yen

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Passenger Cars, Trucks, Buses Auto Parts Motorcycles &

Motorcycle PartsChg. (%)

16,531

15,138

8,982

11,518

12,805

15,506

18,948

20,925

108.5

91.6

59.3

128.2

111.2

121.1

122.2

110.4

9,294

7,499

4,549

5,958

7,352

9,082

10,857

11,623

6,291

6,662

3,696

4,879

4,717

5,549

6,981

8,148

945

978

736

682

736

875

1,109

1,154

731,359

789,548

514,994

607,650

681,112

706,886

812,425

859,091

Imports TotalMotor Vehicles

108.6

108.0

65.2

118.0

112.1

103.8

114.9

105.7

Chg. (%)Year

AUTOMOTIVE IMPORTS IN VALUE TERMS (CIF) x 100 million yen

IMPORTS BY PRINCIPAL COMMODITY (CIF) IN 2014

x 10 billion yen

Motor Vehicle Exports and Imports Both Show an IncreaseIn 2014 Japan’s gross exports rose by 4.8% from the previous year, and imports increased by 5.7%. In value terms, automotive exports grew 3.8% from 2013 to 14.8 trillion yen, while automotive imports increased by 10.4% year-on-year to 2.1 trillion yen.

Automotive TradeAutomotive Industry

EXPORTS BY PRINCIPAL COMMODITY (FOB) IN 2014

x 10 billion yen

Motor Vehicles (including motorcycles and parts)

209 (2.4%)

Mineral Fuels2,769 (32.2%)

Transport Equipment306 (3.6%)

Chemicals686

(8.0%)

RawMaterials

559 (6.5%)

Petroleum& Petroleum

Products1,658 (19.3%)

Other1,482 (17.3%)

Total8,591

(100%)

GeneralMachinery676 (7.9%)

ElectricalMachinery

& Equipment1,153 (13.4%)

Foodstuffs673 (7.8%)

Non-FerrousMetals &

Metal Products287 (3.3%)

GeneralMachinery

1,422(19.5%)

Transport Equipment1,691 (23.1%)

Motor Vehicles(including motorcycles

and parts)1,478 (20.2%)

Scientific &Optical

Equipment244 (3.3%)

Chemicals782 (10.7%)

Non-FerrousMetals &

Metal Products264 (3.6%)

Iron & SteelProducts

396 (5.4%)

ElectricalMachinery

& Equipment1,265

(17.3%)

Ships130 (1.8%)

Textile Yarn & Textiles69 (1.0%)

Other1,046

(14.3%)

Total7,309

(100%)

4

MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION

Passenger Cars8,277,070(84.7%)

Buses139,834(1.4%)

Standard604,768(6.2%)

Small327,928(3.4%)

Small1,750,895(17.9%)

Standard4,657,765(47.7%)

MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE IN 2014

TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION

Mini1,868,410(19.1%)

Mini425,065(4.3%)

Total9,774,665

(100%)

Passenger Cars TrucksSmallStandard

Standard Small Mini TotalChg. (%) Gasoline Diesel Subtotal Gasoline Diesel

Year

In vehicle units x 1 million units

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Passenger Cars

Total

Trucks & Buses

Trucks1,357,761(13.9%)

Notes: 1. Passenger cars and trucks are classified under Japan’s Road Vehicles Act in three categories, based primarily on engine capacity: “standard” (over 2,000cc), “small” (661cc-vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988. 3. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

Motor Vehicles Production

Motor Vehicle Production Up for First Time in 2 YearsIn 2014 motor vehicle production in Japan increased for the first time in two years, totalling 9.77 million units, up 1.5% from the previous year. Passenger car production grew 1.1% to a total of 8.28 million units. Within that category, standard car and minicar production rose 0.9% and 11.0%, to 4.66 million and 1.87 million units respectively, whereas small car production dropped 7.3% to 1.75 million units. Truck and bus production showed an increase over 2013, growing 3.8% to 1.36 million units and 5.4% to 139,000 units, respectively.

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

749,450160,272195,923160,592835,965916,201

1,283,0941,408,7531,537,2101,441,4411,427,3971,257,2931,304,8321,116,8851,615,4351,682,5501,868,410

3,178,7084,567,8547,038,1087,646,8169,947,9727,610,5338,359,4349,016,7359,754,9039,944,6379,928,1436,862,1618,310,3627,158,5258,554,5038,189,3238,277,070

121.7116.2114.0108.1109.997.5

103.2103.4108.2101.999.869.1

121.186.1

119.595.7

101.1

52,04784,304

457,208842,792635,255232,514153,280106,53096,083

125,262121,44383,44275,01658,95173,01677,95170,899

206,053203,866427,990435,420614,270591,626495,900617,133603,327593,639613,480288,244445,611453,309510,140502,061533,869

258,100288,170885,198

1,278,2121,249,525

824,140649,180723,663699,410718,901734,923371,686520,627512,260583,156580,012604,768

1,156,7291,441,7591,663,8341,218,423

517,972304,495204,253233,694213,687177,425163,237127,004133,043135,335162,012168,512176,760

97,132168,716449,477659,470744,971604,826279,029203,069205,717188,107166,521

88,135105,733

99,251113,980132,123151,168

51,619209,032403,338494,792

1,750,7832,553,7033,376,4474,191,3604,915,4285,864,3545,786,3333,459,5894,846,4114,180,3614,686,3964,618,0144,657,765

2,377,6394,198,5506,438,8476,991,4327,361,2244,140,6293,699,8933,416,6223,302,2652,638,8422,714,4132,145,2792,159,1191,861,2792,252,6721,888,7591,750,895

5

TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION IN VALUE TERMS

In vehicle units

Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Standard Small Mini Total Standard Small Mini Tractors Total Large Small TotalGrand Total

Trucks BusesPassenger CarsYear

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

25

20

15

10

5

0

x 1 million yen

x 1 trillion yen

SubtotalMini Total

Large(≥30 passengers)

Small(≤29 passengers) Total

TotalChg. (%)

Buses

Year

MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION IN VALUE TERMS

Total

Passenger Cars

Trucks & Buses

Chg. (%) Chg. (%)

2,000cc), and “mini” (660cc and under); see page 66 for details. 2. KD sets have been excluded since 1979; they represent less than 60% of the cost of compositional components per

1,253,8611,610,4752,113,3111,877,8931,262,943

909,321483,282436,763419,404365,532329,758215,139238,776234,586275,992300,635327,928

551,922438,987914,679

1,388,583986,171804,276594,356546,185521,879453,587443,718398,276449,776389,150407,206427,530425,065

2,063,8832,337,6323,913,1884,544,6883,498,6392,537,7371,726,8181,706,6111,640,6931,538,0201,508,399

985,1011,209,1791,135,9961,266,3541,308,1771,357,761

102.190.8

115.2105.289.093.998.898.696.193.798.165.3

122.793.9

111.5103.3103.8

15,26513,62416,47015,54715,78712,8148,035

11,76311,06311,51611,6608,783

10,2749,427

10,5989,7559,402

31,30122,48175,11864,04424,39834,45246,50964,55077,574

102,154127,44278,01299,06094,682

111,622122,926130,432

46,56636,10591,58879,59140,18547,26654,54476,31388,637

113,670139,10286,795

109,334104,109122,220132,681139,834

111.378.8

146.4110.295.596.2

112.7126.3116.1128.2122.462.4

126.095.2

117.4108.6105.4

5,289,1576,941,591

11,042,88412,271,09513,486,79610,195,53610,140,79610,799,65911,484,23311,596,32711,575,6447,934,0579,628,8758,398,6309,943,0779,630,1819,774,665

113.1105.9114.6107.0103.596.6

102.5102.7106.3101.099.868.5

121.487.2

118.496.9

101.5

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

895,041

3,717,356

5,147,637

6,640,075

9,352,545

10,891,826

13,122,924

13,006,119

7,261,654

10,239,303

8,451,638

9,683,441

10,422,008

11,110,105

7,049,323

8,676,715

4,869,427

4,298,370

4,178,641

4,088,449

3,167,910

3,207,109

2,548,371

2,609,861

2,343,337

3,091,067

2,628,986

2,636,867

85,925

572,188

790,303

1,237,605

1,169,871

1,333,394

1,309,576

1,293,624

1,155,681

1,207,423

1,045,460

1,486,926

1,579,510

1,795,440

8,030,289

12,966,259

10,807,367

12,176,050

14,701,057

16,313,669

17,600,410

17,506,852

10,965,706

14,056,587

11,840,435

14,261,434

14,630,504

15,542,412

1,793,000

1,953,924

1,619,428

1,111,558

1,916,692

2,029,030

2,146,513

2,110,682

1,127,974

1,684,489

1,713,798

1,954,449

1,987,340

2,189,242

1,519,934

1,180,028

849,511

543,408

588,224

574,272

512,887

463,435

312,497

358,081

351,515

422,502

479,914

546,377

679,498

591,144

510,579

357,765

357,615

352,050

319,400

312,374

281,888

323,800

285,454

302,836

312,959

313,522

46,745

64,913

124,764

45,453

104,567

122,267

120,346

136,277

34,778

75,944

89,976

106,209

102,073

118,091

4,039,177

3,790,009

3,104,282

2,058,184

2,967,098

3,077,619

3,099,146

3,022,768

1,757,137

2,442,314

2,440,743

2,785,996

2,882,286

3,167,232

103,053

134,015

107,647

80,897

127,605

131,726

129,209

136,115

109,723

118,300

97,157

120,992

119,670

124,114

101,007

66,988

89,441

109,007

163,069

203,231

264,477

313,594

166,115

211,359

199,301

237,199

290,001

318,410

204,060

201,003

197,088

189,904

290,674

334,957

393,686

449,709

275,838

329,659

296,458

358,191

409,671

442,524

12,273,526

16,957,271

14,108,737

14,424,138

17,958,829

19,726,245

21,093,242

20,979,329

12,998,681

16,828,560

14,577,636

17,405,621

17,922,461

19,152,168

6

168,086121,118154,472118,009193,775177,26484,626

197,548209,283171,998146,69087,692

101,697107,290136,359143,272164,815

986,673999,155

1,144,167945,484

1,449,6781,411,2961,015,313

351,708354,870293,021249,655180,509187,642185,097227,326235,883252,828

538,743431,181839,308

1,367,6851,006,456

815,265586,660536,648516,021472,713442,914404,742441,755382,393421,765422,820433,671

1,693,5021,551,4542,137,9472,431,1782,649,9092,403,8251,686,5991,085,9041,080,174

937,732839,259672,943731,094674,780785,450801,975851,314

95.6100.7102.2104.7

93.7104.6

99.6101.8

99.586.889.580.2

108.692.3

116.4102.1106.2

Motor Vehicles New Registrations

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

9,06849,12571,93173,539

467,490889,260770,220

1,271,3491,225,8671,299,1681,250,9871,160,1751,419,9091,139,9101,411,7001,399,4071,437,589

NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS

Passenger Cars Trucks

Standard Small Mini Subtotal SubtotalMiniSmallStandardYear

Motor Vehicle Sales Rise for Third Consecutive YearPassenger car and commercial vehicle demand in Japan in 2014 totalled 5.56 million units, an increase of 3.5% from the previous year. Total passenger car sales grew 3.0% to 4.70 million units, with standard cars rising 2.7% to 1.44 million units, small cars dropping 3.4% to 1.42 million units, and minicars surging 8.8% to 1.84 million units. Meanwhile, sales of trucks and buses increased 6.2% and 6.5% from 2013, to 851,000 and 12,000 units respectively.

TRENDS IN NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS x 1 million units

Chg. (%) Chg. (%)

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Passenger Cars

Total

Trucks & Buses

NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY TYPE IN 2014


Trucks851,314(15.3%)

Standard164,815(3.0%)

Small252,828(4.5%)

Standard1,437,589(25.8%)

Small1,422,883(25.6%)

Mini1,839,119(33.1%)

Mini433,671(7.8%)

Total5,562,888

(100%)

In vehicle units

Buses11,983(0.2%)

1,652,8992,531,3962,608,2152,869,5273,839,2212,654,2912,208,3872,089,9921,908,2671,654,0251,549,6771,480,1371,507,6931,246,1261,602,9511,472,7041,422,883

717,170157,120174,030161,017795,948900,355

1,281,2651,387,0681,507,5981,447,1061,426,9791,283,4291,284,6651,138,7521,557,6811,690,1711,839,119

2,379,1372,737,6412,854,1763,104,0835,102,6594,443,9064,259,8724,748,4094,641,7324,400,2994,227,6433,923,7414,212,2673,524,7884,572,3324,562,2824,699,591

116.8119.794.0

100.3115.9105.6102.599.697.894.896.192.8

107.483.7

129.799.8

103.0Notes: 1. Chassis-based through 2002, data compilation became vehicle registration number-based as of 2003. 2. Truck figures include special-purpose vehicles (except large ones). 3. Data

7

In vehicle units

Buses

SubtotalTotal

SmallLarge Chg. (%)Total Vehicle RegistrationsChg. (%) YearChg. (%)

Total Mini- Vehicles Chg. (%)

10,2568,8189,4148,7989,1626,4754,3335,8566,0645,1535,3574,2344,7773,1364,2664,1814,498

17,57211,01813,97312,77515,76310,82812,23811,89811,53610,4649,9768,3387,9987,5157,6727,0757,485

27,82819,83623,38721,57324,92517,30316,57117,75417,60015,61715,33312,57212,77510,65111,93811,25611,983

104.287.497.5

106.4105.997.0

114.597.899.188.798.282.0

101.683.4

112.194.3

106.5

106.9111.997.3

102.2107.2105.2101.7100.098.193.394.990.7

107.584.9

127.5100.1103.5

104.9118.893.1

101.3107.4104.8102.799.194.692.493.590.9

110.683.3

126.196.2

100.8

111.782.1

118.3104.8106.3106.299.7

101.7105.294.997.490.3

102.388.1

130.1106.7107.6

4,100,4674,308,9315,015,5105,556,8347,777,4936,865,0345,963,0425,852,0675,739,5065,353,6485,082,2354,609,2564,956,1364,210,2195,369,7205,375,5135,562,888

2,844,5543,720,6304,002,1724,028,1325,975,0895,149,4144,095,1173,928,3513,715,8873,433,8293,212,3422,921,0853,229,7162,689,0743,390,2743,262,5223,290,098

1,255,913588,301

1,013,3381,528,7021,802,4041,715,6201,867,9251,923,7162,023,6191,919,8191,869,8931,688,1711,726,4201,521,1451,979,4462,112,9912,272,790

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

includes imported cars. 4. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

Source: Japan Mini Vehicles Association

NEW MINI-VEHICLE SALES BY TYPE In vehicle units

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE (RV) SALES In vehicle units

2005200620072008200920102011201220132014

612,667509,936460,950454,164339,827365,565378,041430,995404,075423,917

Station Wagons VansOff-Road

4WD VehiclesMinivans Total

Chg. (%)

Year

9,3639,4068,7529,3967,4338,7628,482

10,1659,8879,691

179,776211,135226,159213,209157,284195,783170,304212,341227,532374,220

1,169,0061,126,216

980,181938,694890,265946,473748,133902,715770,541750,999

1,970,8121,856,6931,676,0421,615,4631,394,8091,516,5831,304,9601,556,2161,412,0351,558,827

94.894.290.396.486.3

108.786.0

119.390.7

110.4

2005200620072008200920102011201220132014

1,387,0681,507,5981,447,1061,426,9791,283,4291,284,6651,138,7521,557,6811,690,1711,839,119

Passenger Cars (Minicars)

CommercialVehicles

(“Bonnet”minivans)

CommercialVehicles

(Cab-over-engine minivans)

CommercialVehicles

(Mini-trucks)Total

Chg. (%)

Year

77,54768,71457,50951,62242,93241,63033,02327,73025,19922,929

197,141204,838196,040185,806167,358180,505168,705198,843194,728194,431

261,960242,469219,164205,486194,452219,620180,665195,192202,893216,311

1,923,7162,023,6191,919,8191,869,8931,688,1711,726,4201,521,1451,979,4462,112,9912,272,790

101.7105.2

94.997.490.3

102.388.1

130.1106.7107.6

Sources: Japan Automobile Dealers Association; Japan Mini Vehicles Association

Note: “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).


Source: Japan Automobile Dealers Association

8

Chg. (%) Chg. (%)

Vehicles produced by non-Japanese manufacturers

Vehicles produced by Japanesemanufacturers abroad

Passenger Cars TotalCommercial Vehicles TotalGrand TotalsChg. (%)

Vehicles produced by non-Japanese manufacturers

Passenger CarsCommercial Vehicles

Vehicles produced by Japanese manufacturers abroad

Passenger CarsCommercial Vehicles

TRENDS IN IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE SALES

Source: Japan Automobile Importers Association

Passenger CarsCommercial VehiclesTotalPassenger CarsCommercial VehiclesTotal

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014

IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLES (ON CUSTOMS CLEARANCE BASIS)


In vehicle units

USED IMPORTED VEHICLE SALES In vehicle units

In vehicle units

Motor Vehicles Imported Vehicle Sales

Sales of Imported Vehicles Show First Decrease in 5 YearsImported vehicle sales in Japan in 2014 totalled 336,000 units, down 2.9% from the previous year. While passenger car sales fell 3.5% to 320,000 units, commercial vehicles (trucks and buses) climbed 9.7% to 16,000 units. Sales of used imported vehicles declined 0.7% to 504,000 units, with passenger cars slipping 0.6% to 485,000 units, and trucks dropping 1.8% to 15,000 units.

CommercialVehicles

PassengerCars

Total MotorVehicles

MotorcyclesOtherYear

Chg. (%) Passenger

Cars Chg. (%) Trucks OtherChg. (%) Special-Purpose

Vehicles Chg. (%) TotalYear

27,26922,64017,57413,29210,0837,8786,7565,4694,7243,963

588,397586,398543,211504,710470,986461,050462,435487,675487,750485,055

9,46811,12112,51812,44112,54713,38114,37014,63615,42815,156

118.9117.5112.6

99.4100.9106.6107.4101.9105.4

98.2

228303204355165182164248220185

625,362620,462573,507530,798493,781482,491483,725508,028508,122504,359

102.099.792.692.993.397.9

100.3105.5100.0

99.4

85.683.077.675.675.978.185.881.086.483.9

101.499.292.492.693.097.7

100.3105.0100.099.3

2005200620072008200920102011201220132014

Notes: 1. For motor vehicle classifications in Japan, see page 66. 2. “Other” includes buses, large special-purpose vehicles and small-sized three-wheeled trucks. 3. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

Notes: 1. “Other” denotes special-purpose vehicles and engine-mounted chassis. 2. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).Source: Trade Statistics of Japan, Ministry of Finance

Source: Japan Automobile Importers Association

159,1431,761

160,9048,7468,877

17,623167,88910,638

178,52781.4

180,2551,827

182,08233,0289,973

43,001213,28311,800

225,083126.1

239,5462,017

241,56361,04813,38274,430

300,59415,399

315,993114.6

278,8461,694

280,54052,44013,15365,593

331,28614,847

346,133109.5

288,8301,366

290,19630,84714,91745,764

319,67716,283

335,96097.1

2011

203,8002,057

205,85756,90712,88069,787

260,70714,937

275,644122.5

245,6103,383

248,99319,119

019,119

264,7293,383

268,11298.3

243,8922,712

246,60415,670

015,670

259,5622,712

262,27497.8

230,0781,515

231,59332,918

57533,493

262,9962,090

265,086101.1

192,3171,585

193,90213,96111,36825,329

206,27812,953

219,23182.7

198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

47,91753,151

252,841404,695285,428284,734280,995293,757243,339155,368243,493288,799349,435361,333354,704

46,28552,225

251,169401,836283,582282,654278,726291,387228,255145,687230,791273,798333,380343,730336,764

547380911

2,4691,4701,4201,6151,662

14,2889,088

11,92214,18515,10716,25516,662

1,085546761390376660654708796593780816948

1,3481,278

17,0157,087

28,69643,93674,906

444,635458,966458,722413,817367,727353,260386,949421,991438,737410,143

71.4118.3128.6136.0109.2

98.698.6

104.578.363.8

158.4118.6121.8103.1

98.0

72.2118.4128.6130.3109.398.498.7

104.582.863.8

156.7118.6121.0103.498.2

9

In vehicle units

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

160,150

304,193

994,311

1,742,786

2,002,563

1,959,739

1,810,596

1,728,090

1,619,370

1,592,110

1,542,614

1,688,606

1,666,732

1,630,421

3,295,092

3,945,086

3,845,076

3,050,087

2,460,410

2,304,226

2,105,122

1,944,766

1,855,071

1,816,696

1,733,519

1,826,335

1,740,725

1,653,214

356,726

304,782

727,259

1,448,546

1,890,154

2,033,569

2,022,866

1,995,333

1,864,874

1,873,466

1,906,523

2,133,725

2,255,560

2,367,235

3,811,968

4,554,061

5,566,646

6,241,419

6,353,127

6,297,534

5,938,584

5,668,189

5,339,315

5,282,272

5,182,656

5,648,666

5,663,017

5,650,870

100.9

106.2

106.6

104.8

101.0

99.1

94.3

95.4

94.2

98.9

98.1

109.0

100.3

99.8

139,459

185,851

221,523

201,714

240,060

244,770

220,989

225,848

194,180

177,327

168,470

168,439

167,793

163,536

589,321

555,634

521,244

412,511

368,778

365,180

302,043

278,673

266,395

245,642

233,556

235,246

223,734

215,295

1,125,545

1,746,495

1,538,718

1,169,626

980,714

1,003,607

935,745

884,836

787,957

732,854

769,613

769,469

746,631

721,406

1,854,325

2,487,980

2,281,485

1,783,851

1,589,552

1,613,557

1,458,777

1,389,357

1,248,532

1,155,823

1,171,639

1,173,154

1,138,158

1,100,237

108.3

102.1

102.2

99.1

101.8

101.5

90.4

95.2

89.9

92.6

101.4

100.1

97.0

96.7

11,655

13,377

13,327

15,173

18,871

20,643

16,418

16,193

15,293

14,163

13,849

14,799

12,830

12,531

103.1

98.3

105.4

102.7

109.5

109.4

79.5

98.6

94.4

92.6

97.8

106.9

86.7

97.7

44,620

54,118

84,409

173,475

144,910

135,130

116,317

104,516

95,452

87,238

82,007

82,484

81,016

76,536

116.7

107.3

119.1

105.2

106.4

93.3

86.1

89.9

91.3

91.4

94.0

100.6

98.2

94.5

Year


Chg. (%)

Chg. (%)

Standard Small Mini Subtotal

OtherBuses

Chg. (%)

Chg. (%)

5,722,568

7,109,536

7,945,867

8,213,918

8,106,460

8,066,864

7,530,096

7,178,255

6,698,592

6,539,496

6,450,151

6,919,103

6,895,021

6,840,174

103.3

104.7

105.4

103.5

101.3

99.5

93.3

95.3

93.3

97.6

98.6

107.3

99.7

99.2

Total Chg. (%)

SubtotalMiniSmallStandard

USED MOTOR VEHICLE SALES

07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14062005Year

x 1 million units


Trucks1,100,237(16.1%)

Standard163,536(2.4%)

Small215,295(3.2%) Standard

1,630,421(23.8%)

Small1,653,214(24.2%)

Mini2,367,235(34.6%)

Mini721,406(10.5%)

Total6,840,174

(100%)

Other76,536(1.1%)

Buses12,531(0.2%)

1

2

0

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10Used vehicles New vehicles

Motor Vehicles Used Vehicle Sales

Growth in Sales of Used Mini Passenger CarsIn 2014 sales of used motor vehicles slipped 0.8% from the previous year to total 6.84 million units. Used passenger car sales dipped 0.2% to 5.65 million units, with standard passenger cars and small cars dropping 2.2% to 1.63 million units and 5.0% to 1.65 million units respectively, but minicars growing 5.0% to 2.37 million units. Sales of used trucks slid 3.3% to 1.10 million units and sales of used buses fell 2.3% to 13,000 units.

Notes: 1. Passenger cars and trucks are classified under Japan’s Road Vehicles Act in three categories, based primarily on engine capacity: “standard” (over 2,000cc), “small” (661cc-2,000cc), and “mini” (660cc and under); see page 66 for details. 2. Includes imported vehicles. 3. “Other” refers to emergency vehicles, special vehicles equipped with beds, refrigerated trucks, tank trucks, tractors, bulldozers, steamrollers, snowplows, snowmobiles, etc., that are assigned special registration numbers. 4. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100). Sources: Japan Automobile Dealers Association; Japan Mini Vehicles Association

USED VEHICLE SALES BY TYPE IN 2014

In vehicle units

TRENDS IN NEW AND USED MOTOR VEHICLE SALES

10

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

77,374207,511472,314711,914

1,784,5947,874,189

13,942,62616,634,52916,714,52316,771,50216,748,37316,688,64516,890,40217,039,68417,294,02117,509,10317,714,352

6,457,18114,417,68021,011,09625,116,17930,554,65231,030,46228,593,49126,254,54625,698,30324,921,22624,356,11323,919,01923,470,00323,143,89222,868,74922,435,83521,974,741

2,244,4172,611,1302,176,1102,016,4872,584,9265,775,3869,901,258

14,201,71415,108,21715,931,02516,760,48617,412,18917,986,98218,486,73819,258,23920,090,35920,978,424

8,778,97217,236,32123,659,52027,844,58034,924,17244,680,03752,437,37557,090,78957,521,04357,623,75357,864,97258,019,85358,347,38758,670,31459,421,00960,035,29760,667,517

798,2561,158,4651,494,4641,668,8522,176,4882,574,4332,596,4212,474,3782,465,8232,455,2682,386,2552,319,6122,281,7112,266,4202,266,8362,270,8122,294,449

8,281,75910,043,85313,177,47917,139,80621,321,43920,430,14918,225,50816,733,87116,499,41016,274,26715,896,50215,560,82515,284,62514,970,42214,835,12014,703,88614,624,986


Standard Small Mini Subtotal Standard

4,478,4866,100,2067,155,2216,679,6656,609,5366,213,4055,474,6604,594,3634,431,1034,323,5794,102,5533,952,5343,825,6323,740,3613,672,6493,614,9253,581,884

Small

3,005,0172,785,1824,527,7948,791,289

12,535,41511,642,31110,154,4279,665,1309,602,4849,495,4209,407,6949,288,6799,177,2828,963,6418,895,6358,818,1498,748,653

Mini Subtotal

MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE (at end of every calendar year)

MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE BY TYPE AT END OF 2014

TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE

107.198.9

104.8105.5101.1

98.997.899.798.698.697.797.998.297.999.199.199.5

Chg. (%) Chg. (%) 126.6108.7104.4102.6107.1104.7102.5102.0100.8100.2100.4100.3100.6100.6101.3101.0101.1

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Passenger Cars

Passenger Cars60,667,517

(78.6%)

Special-Purpose Vehicles

1,669,019 (2.2%)

Buses226,944(0.3%)

Total77,188,466

(100%)Trucks, Buses &


(Minicars)

(Mini-trucks)

Total

Notes: 1. “Special-purpose vehicles” refers to emergency vehicles, special vehicles equipped with beds, refrigerated trucks, tank trucks, tractors, bulldozers, steamrollers, snowplows, 100). 3. “Three-wheeled vehicles” includes three-wheeled passenger cars, trucks, and special-purpose vehicles.

Motor Vehicles Motor Vehicles in Use and Motor Vehicle Density

Slight Increase in Number of Motor Vehicles in UseAt the end of December 2014, motor vehicles in use in Japan (excluding motorcycles) totalled 77.2 million units, a 0.7% increase over the previous year. Passenger cars in use increased 1.1% to 60.7 million units, with standard and minicars growing 1.2% and 4.4% to 17.7 million and 21.0 million units respectively, but small cars dropping 2.1% to 22.0 million units. Meanwhile, trucks in use dipped 0.5% from 2013 to 14.6 million units, but buses in use rose 0.5% to 227,000 units. At the end of March 2014, the average service life of motor vehicles in Japan was 12.64 years for passenger cars, 13.31 years for trucks, and 17.63 years for buses.

x 1 million unitsIn vehicle units

Year

Trucks14,624,986

(18.9%)Standard2,294,449

(3.0%)

Standard17,714,352

(22.9%)

Small21,974,741

(28.5%)

Mini20,978,424

(27.2%)

Mini8,748,653(11.3%)

Small3,581,884

(4.6%)

11

Buses

104,895102,186106,633108,967114,819114,478110,046109,917109,763109,621109,808108,760108,136107,435107,528107,723108,545

Large

83,085124,098123,387122,261130,849128,617125,437121,816121,918121,307120,873119,637119,135118,513118,551118,204118,399

Small

187,980226,284230,020231,228245,668243,095235,483231,733231,681

230,928230,681228,397227,271225,948226,079225,927226,944

SubtotalTrailers

333,132584,100789,155941,647

1,206,3901,500,2191,750,7331,630,0621,606,9341,585,8731,536,1601,515,4111,502,5931,646,2031,643,3251,653,9561,669,019

17,581,84328,090,55837,856,17446,157,26157,697,66966,853,50072,649,09975,686,45575,859,06875,714,82175,528,31575,324,48675,361,87675,512,88776,125,53376,619,06677,188,466

TotalChg. (%)

116.2104.9104.5103.7104.7102.8101.3101.4100.299.899.899.7

100.0100.2100.8100.6100.7

110.5101.7100.4100.5101.699.199.9

100.3100.099.799.999.099.599.4

100.199.9

100.5

Chg. (%) 110.5101.7100.4100.5101.699.199.998.898.698.796.998.699.2

109.699.8

100.6100.9

Chg. (%) 19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

243,93447,99817,7246,1234,0563,6213,8273,2803,2383,2013,1193,1273,1203,089

14,81615,47816,376

Three-Wheeled Vehicles


23,07939,80856,80465,48587,359

120,171133,676147,626151,441154,798157,951152,381152,834154,100155,835157,212159,863

Source: Automobile Inspection & Registration Information Association

PRIVATE PASSENGER CARS IN USE PER 100 HOUSEHOLDS BY PREFECTURE (at March 31, 2014)

0 50 100 150 200

1. Fukui 2. Toyama 3. Yamagata 4. Gunma 5. Tochigi 6. Gifu 7. Ibaraki 8. Nagano 9. Fukushima10. Niigata 11. Yamanashi 12. Saga13. Ishikawa 14. Mie 15. Tottori16. Shizuoka 17. Shiga18. Shimane 19. Iwate20. Akita21. Okayama22. Tokushima 23. Kagawa 24. Miyagi 25. Kumamoto 26. Aichi27. Oita 28. Okinawa29. Miyazaki 30. Yamaguchi 31. Aomori32. Wakayama 33. Kagoshima34. Ehime35. Nara 36. Hiroshima 37. Kochi38. Fukuoka39. Nagasaki 40. Saitama41. Hokkaido42. Chiba43. Hyogo 44. Kyoto 45. Kanagawa 46. Osaka 47. Tokyo

National Average 106.9

PASSENGER CARS IN USE BY YEAR OF FIRST REGISTRATION

7.517.126.696.346.825.586.466.366.876.456.055.374.543.71

14.14100.00

2,990,7662,833,6232,662,3782,523,5332,715,0402,222,4202,570,6712,534,4712,736,2292,566,5652,410,1442,136,8781,808,2151,478,8455,631,265

39,821,043

April 2013-March 2014April 2012-March 2013April 2011-March 2012April 2010-March 2011April 2009-March 2010April 2008-March 2009April 2007-March 2008April 2006-March 2007April 2005-March 2006April 2004-March 2005April 2003-March 2004April 2002-March 2003April 2001-March 2002April 2000-March 2001

-March 2000Total Vehicles in Use

% of Total Vehiclesin Use

Vehicles in UseYear of First Registration

2005200620072008200920102011201220132014

10.9311.1011.6611.6711.6812.7012.4312.1612.5812.64

11.7211.4711.9211.7213.5012.7213.0412.8113.2413.31

15.3415.0214.8315.6215.0016.5917.3716.8217.9117.63

AVERAGE SERVICE LIFE BY TYPEYear Passenger Cars Trucks Buses

In years

2005200620072008200920102011201220132014

6.776.907.097.237.487.567.747.958.078.13

8.368.508.688.989.169.62

10.0410.4310.7310.93

9.539.619.80

10.0210.2610.5010.7811.1211.3811.56

Year Passenger Cars Trucks Buses

AVERAGE AGE BY TYPE In years

snowmobiles, etc., that are identified as special-purpose vehicles by special registration numbers. 2. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed atSource: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Notes: 1. “Average age” means the average number of years elapsed since first registration. 2. “Average service life” means average vehicle lifespan. 3. “Average age” and “average service life” figures are as at the end of every fiscal year. 4. The above three tables exclude mini-vehicles.

Source: Automobile Inspection & Registration Information Association

In vehicle units

At March 31, 2014

In vehicle units

Year

174.3170.9

167.4165.4

162.8160.5160.3158.3156.4155.5153.9

150.8149.2

146.4144.4

141.9140.6139.7139.7138.5137.0135.0133.6

131.0130.7129.8

127.7127.5126.5

122.7122.4120.5

114.2111.6111.3110.9109.1108.2107.8

100.9100.7100.6

92.183.8

73.666.0

46.1

12

An Increase in Exports of Standard Passenger Cars, Trucksand Buses

Exports of motor vehicles in 2014 declined 4.5% from the previous year to 4.47 million units. While total passenger car exports fell 5.7% to 3.84 million units, exports of standard passenger cars, which account for over 90% of total passenger car exports, increased 0.8% to 3.59 million units. Truck exports rose 3.5% to 488,000 units and bus exports grew 3.4% to 142,000 units.

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

3,580,6233,932,4143,138,1471,732,0501,462,0691,198,2731,449,6081,359,4141,534,975

804,980818,660743,509641,749499,541239,198

10,1365,451

21,1241,301

168,044

520292808

1,611885300

2,75510,200

6,7351,4192,456

725,5861,827,2863,947,1604,426,7624,482,1302,896,2163,795,8524,363,1685,295,4975,811,9595,915,4293,208,6394,275,3663,929,9044,198,4944,065,5193,835,595

129.5105.8127.2111.2101.886.2

101.0103.5121.4109.8101.854.2

133.291.9

106.896.894.3

13,89222,07173,17711,374

827671816214131241008

1620

0



65,170168,370332,257

1,196,973944,737612,654530,823521,848488,632527,010567,596267,060397,404369,973410,251397,694408,859

Standard

272,549643,232

1,548,2511,029,757

364,376236,92986,32989,94689,20189,12890,58148,44752,90853,78666,65274,46579,614

Small Mini

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS

Notes: 1. Figures represent ex-factory export shipments of motor vehicles manufactured in Japan, which are classified in the above categories as per Japanese law, including the Road Vehicles Act. 2. Vehicle components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988. 4. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).


Trucks488,473(10.9%)

Buses141,556(3.2%)

Mini0

(0.0%)

Standard408,859(9.1%)

Small79,614(1.8%)

Standard3,593,941(80.5%)

Small239,198 (5.4%)

Mini2,456(0.0%)

Total4,465,624

(100%)

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Passenger Cars

Total

Trucks & Buses

715,4501,821,835

345,413493,047

1,343,9671,156,1222,333,2633,164,6033,845,0814,450,9344,379,5692,403,3593,453,9513,176,1953,550,0103,564,5593,593,941

Chg. (%)

Motor Vehicles Exports

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY TYPE IN 2014

TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTSIn vehicle units x 1 million units

0

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Year

13

type classification in this table differs somewhat from that used in Ministry of Finance export data. 3. KD sets have been excluded since 1979; they represent less than 60% of the cost of compositional

In vehicle units

Buses

351,611833,673

1,953,6852,238,1041,309,121

849,859617,870611,956577,974616,450658,218315,507450,312423,767476,919472,179488,473

Subtotal

120.995.3

137.2108.090.682.8

100.889.094.4

106.7106.847.9

142.794.1

112.599.0

103.5

4,5206,4067,6166,2496,0668,0287,1319,957

11,56713,88717,57411,10613,96914,49519,02619,71215,886

Large Small

5,05910,24758,50059,35733,89536,70634,03267,98081,634

107,644135,87080,916

101,81396,247

109,152117,223125,670

Subtotal

9,57916,65366,11665,60639,96144,73441,16377,93793,201

121,531153,44492,022

115,782110,742128,178136,935141,556

141.6104.3179.4116.7113.760.8

107.3139.6119.6130.4126.360.0

125.895.6

115.7106.8103.4

1,086,7762,677,6125,966,9616,730,4725,831,2123,790,8094,454,8855,053,0615,966,6726,549,9406,727,0913,616,1684,841,4604,464,4134,803,5914,674,6334,465,624

Total

126.7102.3130.8110.299.185.0

101.0101.9118.1109.8102.753.8

133.992.2

107.697.395.5

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

Chg. (%) Chg. (%) Chg. (%)

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORT TRENDS (BY REGION OF DESTINATION)

420,067

519,594

1,178,197

895,728

1,854,438

1,662,939

413,259

209,548

447,922

10,036

5,053,061

101.9

381,561

590,341

1,305,861

921,837

2,488,373

2,261,552

479,324

269,956

441,912

9,344

5,966,672

118.1

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


In vehicle units


440,920

811,887

1,497,800

919,421

2,455,099

2,215,452

569,945

330,744

434,268

9,277

6,549,940

109.8

525,081

952,749

1,589,054

812,163

2,318,254

2,068,062

517,900

351,762

460,561

11,730

6,727,091

102.7

378,840

428,042

685,026

542,215

1,379,150

1,202,732

244,196

145,131

347,394

8,389

3,616,168

53.8

2012 2013 2014

576,440

583,684

936,496

568,508

1,727,305

1,531,026

396,499

188,644

425,206

7,186

4,841,460

133.9

572,417

419,715

995,313

521,804

1,585,327

1,426,833

358,375

148,599

379,747

4,920

4,464,413

92.2

572,976

525,954

848,688

401,286

1,886,386

1,698,152

346,860

168,306

448,969

5,452

4,803,591

107.6

540,154

584,062

709,139

371,576

1,887,155

1,719,793

362,011

179,364

407,294

5,454

4,674,633

97.3

560,304

625,708

744,138

452,322

1,662,160

1,537,676

306,117

183,860

375,672

7,665

4,465,624

95.5

Asia

Middle East

Europe

(EU)

North America

(U.S.A.)

Latin America

Africa

Oceania

Other

Total

Chg. (%)

Year

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

Asia Middle East Europe North America Latin America Africa Oceania Other (EU) (U.S.A.)

14

16.719.322.9

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORT TRENDS (BY REGION OF DESTINATION)

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2014

In %

Note: The “Total” figure includes 7,665 units (0.2%) shipped to other destinations.

NorthAmerica (U.S.A.)

Europe(EU)

Asia

Middle East

Latin America

Africa

Oceania

Other

06 07 08 092005Year

In vehicle units

8.3

8.2

36.7

0.28.9

(32.9)

23.3(17.7)

10.3

6.4

8.0

4.5

41.7

0.27.4

(37.9)

21.9(15.4)

9.9

7.8

7.7

5.2

34.5

0.26.8

(30.7)

23.6(12.1)

14.2

10.5

6.8

4.0

38.1

0.29.6

(33.3)

19.0(15.0)

11.8

10 11 12 13 14

11.9

8.2

3.9

35.7

0.18.8

(31.6)

19.3(11.7)

12.1

12.8

8.0

3.4

35.5

0.18.5

(32.0)

22.3(11.7)

9.4

11.9

7.2

3.5

39.3

0.1 0.29.3

(35.4)

17.7(8.4)

11.0

11.6 12.5

14.0

7.7

3.8

40.4

0.18.7

(36.8)

15.2(7.9) 16.7

(10.1)

37.2

6.9

4.1

8.4

(34.4)

12.5

6.7

8.7

5.1

37.5

0.16.6

(33.8)

22.9(14.0)

12.4

Motor Vehicles Exports by Destination

An Increase in Motor Vehicle Exports to the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa

Compared to the previous year, motor vehicle exports in 2014 climbed 7.1% to the Middle East, 4.9% to Europe, 3.7% to Asia, and 2.5% to Africa, but declined 15.4% to Latin America, 11.9% to North America, and 7.8% to Oceania.

4.1

NorthAmerica

1,662,160(37.2%)

of which U.S.A. 1,537,676 (34.4%)

Asia560,304(12.5%)

Total4,465,624

(100%)

LatinAmerica306,117(6.9%)

1 million units

100,000 units

10,000 units

Oceania375,672(8.4%)

Africa183,860(4.1%)

MiddleEast

625,708(14.0%)

Europe744,138(16.7%)

of which EU 452,322 (10.1%)

15

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2014


Passenger Cars


Trucks

Large Small Subtotal

TotalBuses

In vehicle units

Asia

Middle East

Europe

North America

Latin America

Africa

Oceania

Other

Grand Totals

South KoreaChinaTaiwanHong KongThailandSingaporeMalaysiaPhilippinesIndonesiaPakistanOther

Subtotal

BahrainSaudi ArabiaKuwaitOmanIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesQatarOther

Subtotal

SwedenDenmarkUKNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGermanySpainItalyFinlandPolandAustriaGreeceOtherSubtotal

NorwaySwitzerlandRussiaTurkeyUkraineOther

Subtotal

CanadaU.S.A.

Subtotal

MexicoPuerto RicoColombiaEcuadorPeruChileBrazilOther

Subtotal

AlgeriaEgyptNigeriaKenyaSouth AfricaOther

Subtotal

AustraliaNew ZealandOther

Subtotal

Destination

EU


14,203215,66852,33412,7301,7686,806

24,91012,91516,606

36417,157

375,461

19,01586,47044,65865,08732,529

110,27527,88150,988

436,903

18,5194,623

87,95823,04110,62745,12784,20737,38922,7387,380

20,11713,643

50428,277

404,15018,00016,309

219,7595,172

10,6081,799

675,797

116,3471,455,038

1,571,385

54,4965,326

12,79713,22711,75325,56835,92135,173

194,261

6608,4161,2431,101

21,40816,525

49,353

259,44524,2094,211

287,865

2,916

3,593,941

3453,8364,1526,011

0751

1,601424

1,1524,5291,600

24,401

0971538

1,1635,6731,838

1611,246

11,590

527494

10,2651,5273,7183,704

12,393983

3,149422347

2,718173757

41,177410

3,1491,627

08163

46,507

5,86657,309

63,175

16,5122,8893,191

1922,6666,382

3216,809

38,962

985,614

021

2,5853,330

11,648

33,4658,686

749

42,900

15

239,198

000

161000000

43

204

00000000

0

00060

1,178200

200070

291,422

4465

21000

1,894

137218

355

00002001

3

000000

0

000

0

0

2,456

14,548219,50456,48618,9021,7687,557

26,51113,33917,7584,893

18,800

400,066

19,01587,44145,19666,25038,202

112,11328,04252,234

448,493

19,0465,117

98,22324,57414,34550,00996,80038,37425,8877,802

20,46416,368

67729,063

446,74918,85619,463

221,4075,172

10,6891,862

724,198

122,3501,512,565

1,634,915

71,0088,215

15,98813,41914,42131,95036,24241,983

233,226

75814,0301,2431,122

23,99319,855

61,001

292,91032,8954,960

330,765

2,931

3,835,595

25184

7,22510,27713,7518,009

15,5265,389

35,5814,701

10,130

110,798

2,12743,9952,208

22,632434

19,1723,446

16,807

110,821

70000000

3,39100

340

2,0905,522

383286

5,2946,373

5580

18,416

2,13423,320

25,454

13,5420

17,1124,2453,0992,249

09,162

49,409

5,69014,633

4479,011

16,5008,907

55,188

28,1404,7782,975

35,893

2,880

408,859

00

31513192

1,5914,3321,111

0132

4,647

12,549

6422,382

9573,023

010,3422,0582,082

21,486

00000000000000000

890120

10

1,011

01,791

1,791

6630

246312

1,063630

03,455

6,369

29630,001

56697

1,2182,124

34,392

1,576241199

2,016

0

79,614

00000000000

0

00000000

0

000000000000000000000

0

00

0

00000000

0

000000

0

000

0

0

0

25184

7,25610,79013,9439,600

19,8586,500

35,5814,833

14,777

123,347

2,76946,3773,165

25,655434

29,5145,504

18,889

132,307

70000000

3,39100

340

2,0905,522

383286

6,1846,493

5590

19,427

2,13425,111

27,245

14,2050

17,3584,5574,1622,879

012,617

55,778

5,98644,634

5039,708

17,71811,031

89,580

29,7165,0193,174

37,909

2,880

488,473

00

70611718248

188195943365527

3,271

3111,167

5321,029

02,432

724762

6,957

000000000000000001000

1

00

0

720

1,080756

000

1,569

3,477

336782215

00

697

2,030

400

73

113

37

15,886

0367288962

7,629707

3,21715,6011,381

3683,100

33,620

1,6677,4091,508

10,9050

9,5943,2193,649

37,951

00000000000

5100

5100

458003

512

00

0

5,45900

272,202

2760

5,672

13,636

4374,8522,841

21516,8886,016

31,249

3,561460

2,864

6,885

1,817

125,670

0367994

1,0797,811

7553,405

15,7962,324

7333,627

36,891

1,9788,5762,040

11,9340

12,0263,9434,411

44,908

00000000000

5100

5100

459003

513

00

0

5,5310

1,080783

2,202276

07,241

17,113

7735,6343,056

21516,8886,713

33,279

3,601460

2,937

6,998

1,854

141,556

14,573220,05564,73630,77123,52217,91249,77435,63555,66310,45937,204

560,304

23,762142,39450,401

103,83938,636

153,65337,48975,534

625,708

19,0535,117

98,22324,57414,34550,00996,80038,37429,2787,802

20,46416,453

67731,153

452,32219,23919,749

228,05011,66511,2481,865

744,138

124,4841,537,676

1,662,160

90,7448,215

34,42618,75920,78535,10536,24261,841

306,117

7,51764,2984,802

11,04558,59937,599

183,860

326,22738,37411,071

375,672

7,665

4,465,624

16

Notes: 1. KD sets have been excluded since 1979; they represent less than 60% of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988. 2. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

In vehicle units

Total Chg. (%)

Over 50cc

Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc & Under)

YearMotor-Driven Cycles Class 2 (51cc-125cc)

Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)

Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)

Subtotal

MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION

50cc & Under76,569(12.8%)

51cc-125cc31,529 (5.3%)

126cc-250cc93,536 (15.7%)

MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2014

TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION

Total597,058(100%)

Over 250cc395,424(66.2%)

Over 50cc

Total

50cc & Under


2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

0

2

1.5

1

0.5


Motorcycles Production

Motorcycle Production Shows First Increase in 4 YearsOverall domestic motorcycle production in 2014 increased 6.0% from the previous year to 597,000 units. Class 1 motor-driven cycles (50cc and under) grew 2.2% to 77,000 units, Class 2 motor-driven cycles (51cc to 125cc) surged 13.9% to 32,000 units, mini-sized motorcycles (126cc to 250cc) rose 6.2% to 94,000 units, and small-sized motorcycles (over 250cc) climbed 6.1% to 395,000 units. The combined total for larger motorcycles (all those over 50cc) expanded 6.6% to 520,000 units.

2,947,6723,802,5476,434,5244,536,3472,806,8952,753,2392,415,3911,791,5851,771,3861,676,0971,226,839

644,901664,175639,187595,473563,309597,058

114.484.3

143.8112.7100.4101.0107.3103.0

98.994.673.252.6

103.096.293.294.6

106.0

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

895,5991,030,8222,493,9102,014,8501,343,220

951,803636,546298,549306,246264,336162,928108,41787,513

104,93690,88674,94076,569

1,407,2051,887,7012,181,2061,373,423

686,7341,038,938

630,221260,343149,868178,827128,38157,42480,63064,50739,56927,67031,529

259,145331,733660,831469,728270,304217,738297,433279,274276,043269,689192,863125,384108,950104,63691,92588,10893,536

385,723552,291

1,098,577678,346506,637544,760851,191953,419

1,039,229963,245742,667353,676387,082365,108373,093372,591395,424

2,052,0732,771,7253,940,6142,521,4971,463,6751,801,4361,778,8451,493,0361,465,1401,411,7611,063,911

536,484576,662534,251504,587488,369520,489

17


2,370,0362,096,2501,618,9331,212,852

779,877706,513700,366684,944522,315380,777380,242405,533401,895419,398416,723

Total Chg. (%)

122.7102.6

97.6101.6

93.2100.999.197.876.372.999.9

106.799.1

104.499.4


198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

1,978,4261,646,1151,213,512

884,718558,459470,922478,196458,023295,908255,561231,247257,045246,095238,786228,918

200,238130,574169,618138,115102,11688,74782,211

100,720120,99065,88896,36895,70290,291

100,94796,249

88,188173,887158,88298,83372,88699,65891,39586,08155,67437,18027,27531,76739,70747,78853,072

103,184145,67476,92191,18646,41647,18648,56440,12049,74322,14825,35221,01925,80231,87738,484

391,610450,135405,421328,134221,418235,591222,170226,921226,407125,216148,995148,488155,800180,612187,805

Over 50cc

Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1 (50cc & Under)




Subtotal

MOTORCYCLE SALES (SHIPMENTS TO DOMESTIC DEALERS)

MOTORCYCLE SALES BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2014 In vehicle units

50cc & Under228,918(54.9%)51cc-125cc

96,249(23.1%)

Over 250cc38,484(9.2%)

Total416,723(100%)

In vehicle units

Motorcycles Sales

Overall Motorcycle Sales Down for First Time in 2 YearsDomestic motorcycle sales (defined here as ex-factory shipments to domestic dealers, not as new registrations) in 2014 totalled 417,000 units, down 0.6% from the previous year. By engine capacity, whereas sales of Class 1 motor-driven cycles (50cc and under) declined 4.1% to 229,000 units and Class 2 motor-driven cycles (51cc to 125cc) dropped 4.7% to 96,000 units, sales of mini-sized motorcycles (126cc to 250cc) and small-sized motorcycles (over 250cc) grew 11.1% and 20.7%, to 53,000 and 38,000 units respectively. Overall sales of motorcycles with engine capacity over 50cc thus totalled 188,000 units, an increase of 4.0% over 2013.

126cc-250cc53,072(12.8%)

TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE SALES

Over 50cc

Total

50cc & Under

x 1 million units

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 140

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

18

In vehicle units

50cc & Under6,438,002(55.1%)

51cc-125cc1,674,884(14.3%)

126cc-250cc1,980,411(16.9%)

Over 250cc1,595,335(13.7%)

TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLES IN USE (at March 31 yearly)

Total11,688,632

(100%)

x 1 million units

MOTORCYCLES IN USE BY ENGINE CAPACITY (at March 31, 2014)

Total Chg. (%)

Over 50cc





Subtotal

In vehicle units

8,852,2588,752,980

11,965,54718,180,40917,771,78715,587,09613,973,80313,175,17613,060,49012,935,18212,787,34212,675,21212,477,41712,205,92611,985,08511,823,42911,688,632

100.5101.9109.8104.8

97.698.098.099.399.199.098.999.198.497.898.298.798.9

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

3,727,4264,851,1408,794,335

14,609,39913,539,26911,165,3909,643,4878,566,6138,345,2258,134,6927,902,0517,694,0097,448,8627,154,4556,899,4596,661,8076,438,002

4,431,7453,132,8182,281,0061,747,9571,517,2281,421,0311,337,3951,353,7321,378,7141,397,0851,429,7381,479,5881,511,4401,540,6671,582,9251,626,0941,674,884

583,316492,307506,567

1,047,4261,669,7711,823,4461,704,5221,857,4391,908,4021,950,5121,976,8291,996,3111,992,9391,975,6231,959,8451,969,1871,980,411

109,771276,715383,639775,627

1,045,5191,177,2291,288,3991,397,3921,428,1491,452,8931,478,7241,505,3041,524,1761,535,1811,542,8561,566,3411,595,335

5,124,8323,901,8403,171,2123,571,0104,232,5184,421,7064,330,3164,608,5634,715,2654,800,4904,885,2914,981,2035,028,5555,051,4715,085,6265,161,6225,250,630

MOTORCYCLES IN USE (at March 31 yearly)

Notes: 1. Motor-driven cycle data is as at April 1, and since 2006 motorcycles with engine capacity of 125cc and under whose owners fail to pay the mandatory motorcycle ownership tax are not included in this data. 2. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

Motorcycles Motorcycles in Use

Continued Rise in Number of In-Use Motorcycles Over 50cc in Engine Capacity

As of March 31, 2014, the number of motorcycles in use in Japan dipped to 11.69 million, down 1.1% from the previous year. By engine capacity, Class 1 motor-driven cycles, which account for 55.1% of all motorcycles in use, dropped 3.4% to 6.44 million units, whereas Class 2 motor-driven cycles, mini-sized motorcycles and small-sized motorcycles in use rose 3.0%, 0.6% and 1.9%, to 1.67 million, 1.98 million and 1.60 million units respectively. Thus, motorcycles over 50cc in use increased 1.7%, to a total of 5.25 million units.

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

0

4

8

12

16

20

Over 50cc

Total

50cc & Under

Sources: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; since 2006 (only for the 125cc-and-under categories), Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

19

Total Chg. (%)

Over 50cc





Subtotal

Over 50cc

Total

50cc & Under

In vehicle units MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS

50cc & Under12,778(2.8%)

51cc-125cc29,771(6.4%)

126cc-250cc63,891 (13.7%)

Over 250cc359,144(77.1%)

MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2014

TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS

Total465,584(100%)

Notes: 1. Figures represent ex-factory export shipments of motorcycles manufactured in Japan. 2. Class 2 motor-driven cycles include three-wheeled motor-driven cycles. 3. KD sets have been excluded since 1979; they represent less than 60% of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988. 4. “Chg. (%)” means change from the previous year (with the previous year’s result indexed at 100).

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6



Motorcycles Exports

Motorcycle Exports Rise for First Time in 3 YearsMotorcycle exports in 2014 increased 8.0% over the previous year to 466,000 units. By engine capacity, exports of Class 1 motor-driven cycles, Class 2 motor-driven cycles, and small-sized motorcycles grew 1.7%, 7.6%, and 10.1%, to 13,000, 30,000, and 359,000 units respectively, whereas mini-sized motorcycles declined 1.0% to 64,000 units.

1,737,6022,690,6703,929,0402,541,4821,183,7441,325,7101,641,1771,332,2231,334,0261,232,7961,002,187

543,879493,464504,985479,163430,897465,584

133.883.0

144.0119.7107.3

94.2116.1100.4100.1

92.481.354.390.7

102.394.989.9

108.0

19701975198019851990199520002005200620072008200920102011201220132014

326,815288,843501,027369,167147,30161,62782,03857,86057,55834,19236,23414,49311,52219,74517,79412,56012,778

914,3251,546,1701,907,4811,350,412

507,840691,433549,040197,378124,335134,57095,11444,70848,97645,85335,57927,67629,771

187,185328,313548,306296,865117,222129,961204,591177,824183,980177,673149,530101,29885,50683,59469,96364,56663,891

309,277527,344972,226525,038411,381442,689805,508899,161968,153886,361721,309383,380347,460355,793355,827326,095359,144

1,410,7872,401,8273,428,0132,172,3151,036,4431,264,0831,559,1391,274,3631,276,4681,198,604

965,953529,386481,942485,240461,369418,337452,806

20

2.6 2.9

0.6 0.50.6

In % MOTORCYCLE EXPORT TRENDS (BY REGION OF DESTINATION)

NorthAmerica (U.S.A.)

Europe(EU)

AfricaLatin America

Oceania

062005Year

6.2

35.0(33.8)

47.0(42.6)

07 08 09 11 12 13 1410

4.9

34.9(33.7)

48.1(44.7)

7.4

4.0 3.75.0

0.6 0.50.6

37.7(36.5)

40.4

4.6 5.0 5.82.6 2.9 3.1

(36.9)

Motorcycles Exports by Destination

An Increase in Motorcycle Exports to Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, and North AmericaCompared to the previous year, motorcycle exports in 2014 grew 36.0% to Asia, 17.9% to Europe, 8.6% to Africa, 5.1% to Oceania, and 3.0% to North America, but declined 20.1% to Latin America and 6.0% to the Middle East.

Europe174,507(37.5%)

Oceania33,383(7.2%)

Asia26,333(5.7%)

Total465,584(100%)

Africa16,888(3.6%)

MiddleEast

3,682(0.8%)

LatinAmerica27,202(5.8%)

0.85.0

6.3

0.8

36.9(35.6)

40.9

6.7

3.4

(37.2)

0.7

9.6

4.6

0.7

38.8(37.1)

33.6

8.2 8.2

4.5

(29.5)

0.8

8.3

7.9

0.8

46.2(44.4)

21.5

10.1

5.2

(17.8)

0.8

7.7

9.1

0.8

34.5(33.1)

35.5

4.2

(32.6)

7.3

1.24.9

10.1

1.2

34.1(31.9)

38.4

4.0

(34.8)

7.4

0.94.5

7.9

0.9

34.3(31.7)

41.4

3.6

(36.4)

7.2

0.85.7

5.8

0.8

37.5(34.6)

39.4

3.6

(34.9)

100,000 units

10,000 units

1,000 units

NorthAmerica183,589(39.4%)

of which U.S.A. 162,554 (34.9%)of which EU 161,049 (34.6%)

Middle EastAsia

MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2014 In vehicle units

21

MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2014

Asia

Middle East

Europe

North America

Latin America

Africa

Oceania

Grand Totals

South KoreaTaiwanHong KongThailandSingaporeMalaysiaPhilippinesIndonesiaOther

Subtotal

KuwaitIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesOther

Subtotal

SwedenDenmarkUKNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGermanyPortugalSpainItalyFinlandPolandHungaryGreeceSloveniaCzech RepublicOther

Subtotal

NorwaySwitzerlandTurkeyRussiaOther

Subtotal

CanadaU.S.A.

Subtotal

MexicoGuatemalaNicaraguaPanamaColombiaEcuadorBoliviaChileBrazilOther

Subtotal

SenegalTogoMaliNigerRwandaDem Rep CongoEthiopiaKenyaUgandaSouth AfricaOther

Subtotal

AustraliaNew ZealandOther

Subtotal

3300030

1810246

202

60

690

75

00000

450156

0814521006600

765

0210

870

873

1,1188,427

9,545

0303060

450

43

100

000000000

639

72

1,575330

6

1,911

12,778

41,074

251,003

7163

1016

2,293

98

9086

193

220

23193039

3,34287412

3022163000

10602

6,016

5461

700

6,138

1,3357,322

8,657

020

486086

948

162

388

4321,5181,004

850412

1,6140

218431622

1,553

8,654

2,1911,243

14

3,448

29,771

10

1231,188

2080

829449342

3,140

4667

15819

290

335109834

2,35121

1,5441,729

28206

1,858976094393112

143

9,491

9327768

1007

10,036

3,40826,106

29,514

310449845197

2,719154932445574750

7,375

050

1802802954

1,480294

91,2391,035

4,650

6,7632,033

90

8,886

63,891

1,9132,8002,5293,3702,8225,522

342488912

20,698

460929829906

3,124

710448

9,23318,931

77442,49733,259

8749,037

23,784560652730

1,437659537655

144,777

5096,1383,4932,276

267

157,460

15,174120,699

135,873

2,463128

51,1023,827

27299

1,1579,2151,071

19,339

5000000

7910

2,682700

3,512

17,2461,797

95

19,138

359,144

1,9183,8742,6775,5613,1015,5281,1741,0381,260

26,131

5151,0041,0771,011

3,607

1,047577

10,29822,212

83447,38335,862

9149,545

25,858687712824

1,486696549800

160,284

6076,4613,5622,446

274

173,634

19,917154,127

174,044

2,773579850

1,3476,606

4341,0371,6969,7971,983

27,102

4821,5681,1841,130

4411,6681,559

513440

4,5433,288

16,816

26,2005,073

199

31,472

452,806

1,9513,8742,6775,5613,1045,5281,1921,1401,306

26,333

5211,0041,1461,011

3,682

1,047577

10,29822,212

83447,83336,018

9149,626

25,903708712824

1,492702549800

161,049

6076,4823,5622,533

274

174,507

21,035162,554

183,589

2,773582850

1,3506,606

4401,0371,7419,7972,026

27,202

4821,5681,1841,130

4411,6681,559

513440

4,6063,297

16,888

27,7755,403

205

33,383

465,584

Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2 (51cc-125cc)

Mini-Sized Motorcycles (126cc-250cc)

Small-Sized Motorcycles (Over 250cc)

Subtotal

Over 50cc

TotalDestination

In vehicle units

Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc & Under)

EU


22

CO2 EMISSIONS IN JAPANThe transportation sector accounts for 17% of Japan’s total CO2 emissions, which in 2013 amounted to 1.31 billion tons (preliminary figure).

Motor vehicle-emitted CO2 accounts for about 90% of the totality of CO2 emitted by Japan’s transport sector. CO2 emissions from road transportation in Japan have seen a particularly significant decrease since transport-sector emissions peaked in 2001.

TRENDS IN CO2 EMISSION VOLUMES IN JAPAN’S TRANSPORT SECTOR, BY MODE

x 1 million tons

Source: Ministry of the Environment

Attention to the Environment Climate Change

Climate Change and CO2 Emissions Reduction: The Response of the Transport Sector

In 2013 Japan’s CO2 emissions totalled 1.31 billion tons (preliminary figure), of which the transportation sector accounted for 17%. Since peaking in 2001 following a decade of growth, CO2 emission volumes in Japan’s transport sector have steadily declined and, owing largely to increased fuel efficiency in passenger cars and greater efficiency in goods distribution, recently fallen back to roughly the same level recorded in 1990. The automobile industry will continue to vigorously promote CO2 emissions reduction in road transport by further improving vehicle fuel efficiency and expanding the market supply of next-generation vehicles.

Automobiles and Society

1990Fiscal year

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1,000

1,050

1,100

1,150

1,200

1,250

1,300

1,350

95 101 105 109 116 121 126 129 132 136 136 140 138 138 138 134 131 128 124 124 125 123 121

9599 99 99

103 105 105 102 100 98 96 96 91 90 90 89 89 86 83 79 80 78 75

1414 14 14

14 15 16 17 15 15 15 14 15 14 13 13 13 1211 10 11 11 11

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

CO2 Emission Shares by Sector in 2013

Industry33%

Transportation17%

Energyconversion

7%Residential

15%2013 Total

(preliminary):1.31 billion

tons

Japan’s CO2 Emission Volumes, 1990-2013

Commercial/Other21%

Automobiles15%

Industrialprocesses

4%

Waste processing2%

x 1 million tons

1990Fiscal year

1995 2000 2005 2010 2013(Preliminary)

AircraftShipsTrainsTrucksPassengercars &buses

78 8 9

9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1110 10 9 9 10

77 7 7

8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10

218

265 268255

233 227

Source: Ministry of the EnvironmentNote: Emission levels here reflect new calculation methods; the preliminary 2013 figure does not take into account forest sink, etc. offsetting.

23

VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASED FUEL EFFICIENCY

Note: All figures here have been converted from their 10 15-mode test cycle values to their JC08 test cycle values (see page 67).

AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC NEW GASOLINE-POWERED PASSENGER CARS In km/

Reduced aerodynamic drag

Improved engine efficiency

– Improved body configuration

Reduced vehicle weight

– Expanded use of lightweight materials– Improved body structure

Reduced rolling resistance

Improved powertrain performance

– Expansion of lock-up area– Expanded number of transmission gears– Continuously variable transmission

More efficient fuel consumption: – Direct injection – Variable mechanisms (variable cylinder activation, VVT&L, etc.)– Downsized engine supercharging

Reduction of friction loss: – Reduction of piston & piston ring friction loss– Low-viscosity lubricating oil

Other

– Electric power steering– Idling prevention (stop-start)

CO2 Emissions Reduction: Improving Vehicle Fuel EfficiencyFor gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks weighing 3.5 tons or less, fuel efficiency targets for 2015 were formulated in 2007, applying “top runner” criteria whereby the target value for a given vehicle weight category is established based on the leading fuel efficiency performance to date for that weight category. The 2015 target for passenger cars signifies a nearly 24% increase in average fuel efficiency compared to the 2004 level. For heavy-duty vehicles (trucks and buses with GVW>3.5 tons), fuel efficiency targets—the first in the world—were introduced in 2006. Compliance here will mean that by 2015 the average fuel efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles will increase by over 12% compared to the 2002 level. Japan’s automakers are working hard to further advance fuel efficiency technologies, aiming now to comply with an even more stringent target established in 2012 for passenger cars for enforcement in 2020.

Attention to the Environment Climate ChangeAutomobiles and Society

Note: Fuel efficiency here is JC08 test cycle-based (see page 67), and targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for 2015 as those recorded in 2004.Sources: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

50km/ 10 15 20

Passenger cars

(23.5%)2015 target value 16.8 km/

2004 actual value 13.6 km/

Trucks(GVW 3.5tons)

(12.6%)2015 target value 15.2 km/


Small buses (7.2%)2015 target value 8.9 km/


(Percentage gain)

2015 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR NEW PASSENGER CARS & TRUCKS/SMALL BUSES

Note: Fuel efficiency here is JE05 test cycle-based (see page 67), and targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for 2015 as those recorded in 2002.Sources: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

2.50km/ 5 7.5 10

Trucks (12.2%)2015 target value 7.09 km/


Buses (12.1%)2015 target value 6.30 km/


(Percentage gain)

2015 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES (GVW 3.5t)

Note: Fuel efficiency here is JC08 test cycle-based (see page 67), and the target was established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for 2020 as those recorded in 2009.Sources: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

100km/ 20 30

Passengercars

(24.1%)2020 target value 20.3 km/


(Percentage gain)

2020 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW PASSENGER CARS

– Low rolling-resistance tires

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22


1999Fiscal year

2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

12.5 12.713.2

13.8 13.9 14.2 14.314.8 14.9

15.6

16.617.1

18.219.8

21.3

24

In vehicle units TRENDS IN NEXT-GENERATION PASSENGER CAR NEW REGISTRATIONS

x 10,000 units STATUS OF NEXT-GENERATION VEHICLE USE IN JAPAN

2010447,840

06,983

07,988

462,811

2011631,335

3,74211,226

011,861

658,164

2012857,24013,17813,911

055,513

939,842

20131,015,356

12,97215,594

078,384

1,122,306

2014950,29414,71415,471

102100,070

1,080,651

Fiscal Year Hybrid vehicles

Plug-in hybrid vehiclesElectric vehiclesFuel cell vehicles

Clean diesel vehiclesTotal



In-Use Status of Next-Generation VehiclesBeginning in April 2009, when the government’s tax incentive/subsidy programs for the purchase of eco-friendly vehicles were first introduced, the share of next-generation vehicles (including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, electric, fuel cell, natural gas, clean diesel, and other new-energy vehicles) in total passenger car sales surged. In 2014 about 5.15 million next-generation vehicles were in circulation in Japan, but this is still a very small number, accounting for only 6.7% of all the motor vehicles in use in Japan today. The more widespread use of these vehicles requires not only further advances in vehicle and related technologies, but also, among other government initiatives, the establishment of the necessary fuel/energy supply infrastructures and the continued provision of purchasing incentives.

Clean diesel passenger carsNatural gas vehiclesFuel cell vehiclesElectric vehiclesPlug-in hybrid vehiclesHybrid vehicles

In vehicle units

1995Fiscal year

96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14(Preliminary)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

23.3 4.2 0.01 7

0.3 0.3 0.7 3 4 6 9 11 15 22 28 37 46 57

103

148

212

302

407

515

4.5

476


COMPOSITION OF JAPAN’S VEHICLE FLEET, WITH BREAKDOWN OF NEXT-GENERATION VEHICLE SHARE (FISCAL 2014 ESTIMATE)


Next-generation

vehicles5.15 million

(100%)

Hybrid vehicles4.76 million

(92.4%)

Clean dieselpassenger cars233,000 (4.5%)

Conventionalvehicles

72.04 million (93.3%)

(6.7%)

Natural gas vehicles42,000 (0.8%)Fuel cell vehicles100 (0.0%)Electric vehicles70,000 (1.4%)Plug-in hybrid vehicles45,000 (0.9%)Japan’s

Vehicle Fleet77.19 million

(100%)

Note: Figures are rounded off.

25

TEN TIPS FOR FUEL-CONSERVING ECODRIVING as promoted in Japan

Notes: 1. Warming up a vehicle engine is necessary only in extremely cold climates (-20ºC or colder) or after long periods of non-use. 2. For drivers stopping engine idling manually, i.e. by turning their vehicle’s ignition off and then back on again, caution is advised as follows (but does not apply to drivers of vehicles equipped with idling-prevention systems): 1) Stepping on the brake pedal repeatedly during engine shut-down may diminish braking power; 2) Drivers not accustomed to shutting down their engines and starting them up again may experience slow or faulty restarts; 3) Excessive shutting down and restarting may drain the batteries, resulting in engine start-up failure; 4) Do not use this method when stopped at the head of a line or on a gradient, because turn signals and windshield wipers, as well as airbags and other safety features, will not function during engine shut-down.

1. Accelerate gently.

Think “eco-start” when you accelerate—increasing your speed at a relaxed pace, to 20km/h in 5 seconds, boosts fuel efficiency by 10%. Gentle acceleration also contributes to safer driving.

6. Plan your itinerary to avoidcongested routes.

Plan the route to your destination using a map or your navigation system before starting off. Check traffic information to avoid congested areas and save time and fuel. Ten minutes of unnecessary driving in a one-hour trip results in a 17% drop in fuel efficiency.

2. Maintain a steady speedand keep your distance.

Maintain a suitably steady speed for safe and fuel-efficient driving. Tailgating leads to unnecessary acceleration/deceleration, resulting in 2% and 6% lower fuel efficiency in urban and suburban areas, respectively.

3. Slow down by releasing the accelerator.

Releasing the accelerator when recognizing the need to slow down (e.g., at changing traffic lights) stops the fuel supply, resulting in a 2% gain in fuel efficiency. Use your engine’s braking function whenever appropriate, including on downhill descents.

4. Make appropriate use ofyour air conditioner.

The AC function is for cooling and dehumidifying only, so don’t leave your AC on when you’re heating the cabin. When you do use it, be sure not to set it too low. (Continuous use of the AC functioning at 25ºC when the outdoor temperature is 25ºC results in a fuel efficiency loss of 12%.)

5. Don’t warm up or idle your engine.

Today’s passenger cars don’t require warming up, so start off slowly right after turning on the ignition. When waiting or loading/unloading, make a habit of turning your engine off instead of letting it idle. Ten minutes of engine idling (with the AC off) wastes 130cc of fuel. (See notes below.)

Promoting Fuel-Conserving EcodrivingIndividual drivers can increase fuel efficiency and thus help reduce CO2 emissions by improving their driving habits. JAMA has therefore been conducting an ongoing public-awareness campaign, in collaboration with the government and industry partners, to promote sound, fuel-conserving ecodriving practices, urging drivers to adopt the ten smart tips listed below. While the already widespread use of digital tachographs in truck fleet operations in Japan continues to expand, automakers are equipping more and more passenger cars not only with fuel efficiency gauges and systems for real-time on-screen displays of fuel efficiency performance, but also with idling-prevention (stop-start) systems and “eco-mode” buttons that activate fuel efficiency-promoting functions.


7. Check your tire pressure regularly.

Driving on tires whose air pressure is 50kPa (0.5kg/cm2) lower than it should be decreases fuel efficiency by 2% in urban areas and 4% in suburban areas. Timely replacement of engine oil and items such as oil filters and air cleaner elements also contributes to increased fuel efficiency.

8. Reduce your load.

Onboard weight is a key factor in fuel efficiency performance. Driving with 100kg of unnecessary onboard weight causes a 3% loss in fuel efficiency. Another factor is your vehicle’s aerodynamic drag, which you can reduce by removing exterior rack equipment when not in use.

9. Respect parking rules andregulations.

Don’t leave your vehicle where it blocks traffic. Illegal or imprudent on-street parking causes traffic congestion which leads to increased emissions and a greater risk of accident. Roads that are not encumbered by illegally or improperly parked vehicles promote smoother traffic flow and higher fuel efficiency.

10. Check the readings on your fuel efficiency-monitoring equipment.

Be aware of your vehicle’s fuel efficiency performance by consulting onboard equipment that monitors it.

26


CO2 Reductions at Manufacturers’ FacilitiesJapan’s automakers, together with the member companies of the Japan Auto-Body Industries Association (JABIA), have for years taken measures to reduce energy consumption and otherwise cut CO2 emissions at their production plants. Having more recently expanded their voluntary CO2 reduction activities to also include administrative and research facilities, their combined facility-emitted CO2 in 2013 totalled 7.25 million tons, down 100,000 tons from the previous year. JAMA and JABIA members now aim to reduce their combined facility-emitted CO2 to 7.09 million tons (a 28% reduction from the 1990 level) by 2020 and to 6.62 million tons (a 33% reduction from 1990) by 2030. Note: In a departure from previous editions of this publication, the 1990-2012 figures in the chart below reflect revisions made to include CO2 emission volumes from JAMA and JABIA members’ combined facilities.

FACILITY-GENERATED CO2 EMISSION VOLUMES, 1990-2013

1990Fiscal year

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

5

6

7

8

9

10

11


CO2 emissions/production value(x 1,000 tons CO2 per 1 trillion yen)

CO2 emissions(x 1 million tons) 9.90

2008

6.64

2009

5.81

2010

6.10

2011

6.49

2012

7.35

2013

7.25

340375

351334338324

519

2020(Target)

7.09

2030(Target)

6.62

RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF SUBSTANCES OF CONCERN IN NEW VEHICLES & COMPLIANCE STATUS

RestrictionsSOC Compliance Status

As of January 2006, a 90% decrease or more from the 1996 level of 1,850 grams (i.e., a maximum permissible level of 185 grams); for large commercial vehicles including buses, a 75% decrease or more from the 1996 level (or a maximum level of 462.5 grams). Batteries are exempt.

As of January 2005, banned except for trace amounts in safety-related components such as: - Instrument panel displays - Liquid crystal displays in navigation devices - Discharge lamps - Fluorescent cabin lamps

Banned as of January 2008.

Banned as of January 2007.

All models have complied since January 2006.

All models have complied since January 2003. Instrument panel displays are now mercury-free in all models, as are fluorescent cabin lamps in passenger cars. Navigation-device liquid crystal displays and discharge lamps will be mercury-free in the near future.



Lead

Mercury

Hexavalent chromium

Cadmium

Attention to the Environment Hazardous SubstancesAutomobiles and Society

Voluntary Initiatives to Reduce the Use of Hazardous Substances in Motor Vehicles

JAMA member manufacturers have, on a voluntary basis, eliminated the use of four so-called substances of concern (SOCs)—lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium and cadmium—in new vehicles to lessen their environmental impact, particularly when they are dismantled and processed at the end of their service life. Separate restrictions on the use of SOCs have been established for motorcycles.

27

Attention to the Environment Hazardous SubstancesAutomobiles and Society

Source: ISO 12219-1:2012

COMPARISON OF JAMA AND ISO IN-CABIN VOC TEST PROCEDURES (for passenger cars)

JAMA Procedure ISO Procedure

Radiation lamp heating from above the cabin(No radiation density prescribed.)

40ºC in driver’s breathing zone(Note: 35ºC for buses.)

Cabin doors and windows left open for at least 30 minutes.

—

Cabin air sample-tested over a period of 30 minutes, 4.5 hours after reaching the prescribed temperature.

Cabin air sample-tested over a period of 15 minutes, with engine and AC on (internal air circulation mode).(Note: 30 minutes for trucks and 120 minutes for buses.)

Radiation lamp heating from above the cabin (Radiation density: 400 50 W/m2)

No in-cabin test temperature prescribed. (Presumed to be 40ºC in driver’s breathing zone [compact car].)

Cabin doors and windows left open for one hour.

Cabin doors and windows closed for at least 7.5 hours, then cabin air sample-tested over a period of 30 minutes.

Cabin air sample-tested over a period of 30 minutes, 3.5 hours after start of heating.

Cabin air sample-tested over a period of 30 minutes, with engine and AC on (external air ventilation mode).

Heating method

In-cabintemperature

Pre-test conditions

Ambient mode

Parking mode(airtight state)

Driving mode

Test procedureschematic

Note: 0.1 g/m3 (0.007 ppb) for children.

TARGET VALUES FOR INDOOR CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF 13 SUBSTANCES (VOCs)

Target Value forIndoor Concentration Level

Principal SourcesSubstance

100 g/m3 (0.08 ppm) 260 g/m3 (0.07 ppm) 870 g/m3 (0.20 ppm) 240 g/m3 (0.04 ppm)3,800 g/m3 (0.88 ppm) 220 g/m3 (0.05 ppm) 1 g/m3 (0.07 ppb) (see note)

220 g/m3 (0.02 ppm) 330 g/m3 (0.04 ppm) 120 g/m3 (7.6 ppb) 0.29 g/m3 (0.02 ppb) 48 g/m3 (0.03 ppm) 33 g/m3 (3.8 ppb)

FormaldehydeTolueneXyleneParadichlorobenzeneEthylbenzeneStyreneChlorpyrifosDi-n-butyl phthalateTetradecaneDi-2-ethylhexyl phthalateDiazinonAcetaldehydeFenobucarb

Adhesives for plywood, wallpaper, etc.Adhesives/paints for interior finishing materials, furniture, etc.Adhesives/paints for interior finishing materials, furniture, etc.Moth repellents, lavatory air freshenersAdhesives/paints for plywood, furniture, etc.Insulation materials, bath units, tatami-mat core materialsInsecticides (esp. ant exterminators)Paints, pigments, adhesivesKerosene, paintsWallpaper, flooring materials, wire-coating materialsPesticidesAdhesives for construction materials, wallpaper, etc.Insecticides (esp. termite exterminators)

A Voluntary Approach to Reducing Vehicle Cabin VOCsNew-model passenger cars marketed in and after 2007 and new-model commercial vehicles sold in and after 2008 have met the target values established by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for indoor concentration levels of 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In July 2012, ISO 12219-1 was established as the global standard for restricting the use of in-cabin VOCs in passenger cars. Accordingly, JAMA’s previously established VOC test procedure for passenger cars has been replaced by the ISO procedure. However, for trucks and buses not covered by the ISO standard, JAMA test methods for measuring in-cabin VOC concentration levels will remain in application. Meanwhile, automakers are working to lower in-cabin VOC concentration levels even further. This voluntary initiative applies only to vehicles that are manufactured and sold in Japan.

23

40

23

40

B.G.: “Background” air, i.e., air in test chamber.

Sam

ple

test

ing

In-c

abin

tem

pera

ture

(ºC

)

Sam

ple

test

ing

In-c

abin

tem

pera

ture

(ºC

)

3.5h4.5h 8.0h

B.G. B.G.

Lamp heating

Parking mode

Driving mode

Lamp heating

(0.5-2.0h)

Parking modeAmbient mode

B.G. B.G. B.G.

Driving mode

28

Long-term regulations (1997, 1998, 1999)New short-term regulations (2003, 2004)New long-term regulations (2005) (2)

Post-new long-term regulations (2009, 2010)Future regulations (2016, 2017, 2018)

1998 standard2004 standard

2007 standard (3)

2010 standard

EURO (1995)EURO (2000) (4)

EURO (2005)

EURO (2008)

EURO (2013)

EEV (5)

NOxNitrogen

oxides

THCTotal

hydrocarbons

——

0.17 0.17 0.17

—

0.1880.188

—0.78

—0.55

—0.55

———

0.40 —

NMHCNon-methanehydrocarbons

7.402.222.222.222.22

20.7820.78

20.7820.78

4.0 5.45

(2.1) 4.0

(1.5) 4.0

(1.5) 4.0

(1.5) 3.0

(1.5)

COCarbon

monoxide

0.25 0.18 0.0270.01 0.01

0.1340.134

0.0130.013

0.15 0.16 (0.10) 0.03 (0.02) 0.03 (0.02) 0.01 (0.01) 0.02 (0.02)

PMParticulate

matter

(1) GVW (gross vehicle weight) (Japan) = Vehicle weight + Maximum load + Maximum occupants x 55 kg. Weight per occupant and other details slightly differ from those of U.S. and European regulations. (2) Japan’s 1997-2004 regulations applied to the over-2.5t GVW vehicle category; regulations as of 2005 apply to the over-3.5t GVW vehicle category. (3) The U.S.’s 2007 standard permitted an NOx compliance level of around 1.6g until 2010 depending on engine family type. (4) EURO (Europe): All vehicle categories were regulated in the steady state (ESC) mode only, except DPF- and NOx reduction catalyst-equipped vehicles, which were regulated in both the steady state (ESC) and transient (ETC) modes. Beginning with EURO , all vehicle categories, whether DPF- and NOx reduction catalyst-equipped or not, are regulated in both modes. (5) EEV (Europe): Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicles. EEV regulations constitute a special category and are applied by EU member countries only in specific instances when urban air quality is particularly poor (for example, when temporary restrictions on vehicle circulation in cities are enforced). Emission values indicated are provisional.

COMPARISON OF HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL TRUCK EMISSIONS REGULATIONS

4.503.382.0 0.7 0.4

5.36Automobile manufacturers must comply with one of the following:1) NOx + NMHC 3.222) NOx + NMHC 3.35 with mandatory NMHC value of 0.67

0.27 (1.6) 0.27

7.0 5.0 (5.0) 3.5 (3.5) 2.0 (2.0) 0.46(0.4) 2.0 (2.0)

2.90 0.87

———

1.74

——

1.1 —

(0.66)—

(0.46)—

(0.46)0.16 (0.13)

—(0.25)

Transient modeSteady state modeTransient modeSteady state modeTransient modeSteady state modeTransient modeSteady state modeTransient modeSteady state mode

All regulatory values below apply to the heaviest truck categories. In g/kWh

U.S.A.(2007-)

U.S.A.(2010-)

Europe(2008-)

PM(Particulate matter)

0.70.27 0.460.4 1.6 2.00

0.010

0

0.013

0.030More stringent

In g/kWh

Note: Countries apply different test cycles based on different vehicle driving-mode patterns.

COMPARISON OF HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL TRUCK EMISSIONS REGULATIONS (PM and NOx)

NOx (Nitrogen oxides) More stringent

Attention to the Environment EmissionsAutomobiles and Society

Japan (GVW=Over 3.5 tons) (1)

U.S.A. (GVW=Over 3.85 tons)

Europe (GVW=Over 3.5 tons)

Japan (2016-)

Japan(2009-)

Europe (2013-)

Global Harmonization in the Regulation of Vehicle Exhaust EmissionsJapan’s vehicle exhaust emissions regulations have always been among the world’s most stringent, and its automakers have worked very hard to develop the advanced technologies required to comply with them. As a result, NOx and other atmospheric pollutant levels have been, even in large urban areas, on a steady decline. Based on the Ministry of the Environment-affiliated Central Environment Council’s policy recommendations for future reductions in motor vehicle exhaust emissions (released in April 2005), comprehensive and even stricter new regulations, covering both gasoline and diesel vehicles, were implemented by the Japanese government in 2009. Japan has participated in international discussions on the global harmonization of emission test cycles and in 2010 introduced the UN test cycle for motorcycle emissions. Japan will adopt UN test cycles to measure emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and from gasoline-powered passenger cars in 2016 and 2018, respectively.

29

MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS REGULATIONS IN JAPAN

(1) All vehicles weighing 3.5t or less are regulated on the basis of (values measured in cold-start state in JC08 test cycle) x 0.25 + (values measured in warm-start state in JC08 test cycle) x 0.75. (2) WLTP: Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure, on the basis of values measured in cold-start state. (3) PM values apply only to direct-injection, lean-burn vehicles equipped with absorption-type NOx reduction catalysts. (4) Small-sized diesel passenger cars have an equivalent inertia weight (EIW) of 1.25t (GVW of 1.265t) or less, and mid-sized diesel passenger cars have an E|W over 1.25t. (5) Enforced since 2010 for medium-duty diesel vehicles (1.7t<GVW≤2.5t) and heavy-duty diesel vehicles (3.5t<GVW≤12t). (6) WHTC: World Harmonized Transient Cycle, on the basis of (values measured in cold-start state) x 0.14 + (values measured in warm-start state) x 0.86. (7) Enforcement: 2016 for GVW>7.5t; 2017 for tractors; 2018 for 3.5t<GVW≤7.5t. (8) World Motorcycle Test Cycle.Note: CO: Carbon monoxide; NMHC: Non-methane hydrocarbons; THC: Total hydrocarbons; NOx: Nitrogen oxides; PM: Particulate matter.

Sources: Ministry of the Environment; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

1.15 0.10 0.05 0.0054.02 0.10 0.05 0.0051.15 0.10 0.05 0.0052.55 0.15 0.07 0.007

0.63 0.0240.15 0.0050.63 0.0240.15 0.0050.63 0.0240.24 0.0072.22 0.17 0.4 0.01

1.14

0.30

0.07

1.14

0.20

0.07

1.14 0.17 0.09

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOx (7)

PM

CO

THC

NOx

CO

THC

NOx

COTHCNOx

2018

20182019

20192018

20182019

2019

2018

2018

2019

2016

2016

2016

2016

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

(Continued application of current regulations)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WLTP (g/km) (2)

WHTC (g/kWh)(6)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

1.15 0.05 0.05 0.0054.02 0.05 0.05 0.0051.15 0.05 0.05 0.0052.55 0.05 0.07 0.007

16.0 0.23 0.7 0.01 0.63 0.0240.08 0.0050.63 0.0240.08 0.0050.63 0.0240.15 0.0072.22 0.17 0.7 0.01 2.2 0.45 0.16 2.2 0.45 0.16 2.62 0.27 0.21 2.62 0.27 0.21

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPM (3)

CONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCOTHCNOxCOTHCNOxCOTHCNOxCOTHCNOx

Gasoline andLPG Vehicles

Diesel Vehicles

Motorcycles

Passenger cars

Trucks and buses

Passenger cars (4)

Trucks andbuses

Motor-driven cyclesClass 1

Motor-driven cyclesClass 2

Mini-sized motorcycles

Small-sized motorcycles

Class motorcycles*

Class motorcycles*

Class motorcycles*

Mini

Light-duty(GVW≤1.7t)

Medium-duty (1.7t<GVW≤3.5t)

Heavy-duty(GVW>3.5t)

Light-duty(GVW≤1.7t)

Medium-duty (1.7t<GVW≤3.5t)

Heavy-duty(GVW>3.5t)

2009

20092009

20092009

20092009

20092009

2009

2009

2009 (5)

2009 (5)

2010

2010

2010

2010

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1) JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JE05 (g/kWh)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JC08 (g/km) (1)

JE05 (g/kWh)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

WMTC (g/km) (8)

Under 0.150 in engine capacity with a maximum speed of 50km/h, or under 0.150 in engine capacity with a maximum speed of 99km/h. *Equivalent to motor-driven cycles, Class 1 and Class 2.

Under 0.150 in engine capacity with a maximum speed of <130km/h, or 0.150 or over in engine capacity with a maximum speed of <130km/h. *Equivalent to mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles with a maximum speed of <130km/h.

With a maximum speed of ≥130km/h.*Equivalent to mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles with a maximum speed of ≥130km/h.

Regulatoryvalue

(Average)EmissionYear

enforcedTest cycleRegulatory

value(Average)

EmissionYearenforcedTest cycle

Future RegulationsCurrent Regulations

Vehicle Type

30

............................................ 8 years etc............................... 9 years etc.

....................................... 9 years etc.............................................. 10 years etc............................................ 12 years etc.

Tokyo and Aichi, Chiba, Hyogo, Kanagawa, Mie, Osaka, and Saitama (designated areas)

Diesel, gasoline, and LPG trucks and busesDiesel passenger cars

NOx and PM

Trucks and Buses GVW = Gross vehicle weight GVW=1.7 tons & under:

NOx: 0.48g/km (same as 1988 regulatory value for new gasoline vehicles)PM: 0.055g/km (half the 2002 regulatory value for new diesel vehicles)

GVW=Over 1.7 tons to 2.5 tons:NOx: 0.63g/km (same as 1994 regulatory value for new gasoline vehicles)PM: 0.06g/km (half the 2003 regulatory value for new diesel vehicles)

GVW=Over 2.5 tons to 3.5 tons:NOx: 5.9g/kWh (same as 1995 regulatory value for new gasoline vehicles)PM: 0.175g/kWh (half the 2003 regulatory value for new diesel vehicles)

GVW=Over 3.5 tons:NOx: 5.9g/kWh (same as 1998-1999 regulatory value for new diesel vehicles)PM: 0.49g/kWh (same as 1998-1999 regulatory value for new diesel vehicles)

Passenger CarsNOx: 0.48g/km (same as 1978 regulatory value for new gasoline vehicles)PM: 0.055g/km (half the 2002 regulatory value for new diesel vehicles)

New VehiclesIn regulated areas, new vehicles not meeting the standards cannot be registered.

Vehicles in UseRegulated vehicles whose principal places of use (as declared in their inspection certificates) fall in regulated areas and that do not meet the standards will not be granted inspection certification after grace periods have expired.

From first registration: Small trucks Diesel passenger cars Standard trucks Minibuses Large buses

Areas Regulated

Vehicle Types

Regulated

Substances Regulated

Regulatory Valuesin Force

Specific Provisions

Grace Periods

Provisions of the National Automotive NOx andPM Law (Major Metropolitan Areas)

Provisions of PM Emission Regulationsfor Diesel Vehicles (Major Metropolitan Areas)

PROVISIONS OF THE NATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE NOx AND PM LAW/ DIESEL TRUCK & BUS PM EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS

Tokyo (except for islands) and Chiba, Kanagawa, and Saitama (all areas); Hyogo (designated areas); Osaka (same areas as those designated under the Automotive NOx & PM Law)

Diesel trucks and buses

PM onlyNOx and PM in Hyogo and Osaka

In Chiba and Kanagawa, same as 1997, 1998, and 1999 regulatory values for new diesel trucks and buses

In Tokyo and in Saitama, same as 2002, 2003, and 2004 regulatory values for new diesel trucks and buses

In Hyogo and Osaka, same values as those mandated by the Automotive NOx & PM Law

New VehiclesNo restriction.

Vehicles in UseVehicles not meeting the standards are prohibited from travelling through regulated areas after grace periods have expired. In Osaka, vehicles not meeting the standards are prohibited from travelling on roads directly accessing regulated areas. In Tokyo and in Chiba, Kanagawa, and Saitama, vehicles equipped with local government-specified PM reduction systems are deemed to be in compliance with the standards.

Seven years from first registration, regardless of vehicle type (truck or bus)

Attention to the Environment Emissions

Improving Air QualityJapan’s central government as well as local governments in major metropolitan areas have implemented measures to address air quality problems caused by motor vehicles. In accordance with national legislation aimed at curbing nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, the issuance of inspection-compliance certification is prohibited for vehicles that fail to meet the legal standards at inspection time. Moreover, local governments in major metropolitan areas have introduced additional regulations for diesel trucks and buses for the specific purpose of reducing PM emissions. Enforcement of those regulations means that restrictions are imposed on diesel vehicle circulation in the areas concerned.


Note: In Chiba, vehicles neither registered in nor travelling through areas designated under the Automotive NOx & PM Law will be exempted for a period of 12 years, provided vehicle owners apply for such an exemption. In Hyogo, grace periods differ according to year of first registration and vehicle type. In Osaka, grace periods are the same as those specified in the Automotive NOx & PM Law.

Note: Applicable to diesel trucks and buses registered anywhere in Japan and travelling through regulated areas.

Note: Not applicable to diesel passenger vehicles with up to 10-passenger occupancy.

Note: Vehicles whose principal places of use (as declared in their inspection certificates) do not fall in regulated areas can travel through regulated areas even if they do not meet the standards.

31

Promoting Vehicles with Greater Fuel Efficiency and Lower Emissions

Vehicles with greater fuel efficiency help counter global warming through their reduced emission of CO2, while vehicles with reduced tailpipe emissions help improve air quality. The Japanese government has established motor vehicle environmental performance certification criteria keyed to Japan’s latest fuel efficiency and emission standards. Trucks and buses that comply with NOx (nitrogen oxides) and PM (particulate matter) emissions requirements are also certified, separately. To boost widespread public awareness of vehicles with advanced fuel efficiency and/or low emissions, such vehicles are identified with appropriately coded stickers.

Attention to the Environment Environmental Performance Vehicle CertificationAutomobiles and Society

CERTIFICATION FOR VEHICLES WITH ADVANCED FUEL EFFICIENCY

Compliant +20% with 2020 fuel efficiency standards


Compliant with 2020 fuel efficiency standards





PerformanceCriteria

VehicleSticker

For Gasoline andDiesel Passenger Cars

Note: Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based.

Emissions down by 10% from 2009 standards



Performance Criteria Vehicle Sticker








PerformanceCriteria

VehicleSticker

For Small Trucks and Buses with GVW 2.5t

Note: Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based.







PerformanceCriteria

VehicleSticker

For Trucks and Buses with GVW 2.5t

Note: Fuel efficiency is JC08 or JE05 test cycle-based.

CERTIFICATION FOR VEHICLES WITH LOW EMISSIONS

Compliant with 2009 emission standards

Compliant with 2005 emission standards

Compliant with other designated NOx and PM emission standards

Performance Criteria Vehicle Sticker

CERTIFICATION FOR TRUCKS AND BUSES WITH LOW NOx & PM EMISSIONS

32

Fiscal Year

No. of ELVs recovered

Appropriate disposal of

three designated

items

2014

3,331,901

2,904,066

2,403,905

3,330,462

2013

3,433,356

2,911,189

2,273,857

3,391,740

Fluorocarbons

Airbags (1)

ASR (2)

(1) Through recovery/appropriate disposal of inflators or through onboard deactivation. (2) Covers all categories of processors, whether for direct disposal or for transfer to other markets.

Source: Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center

In vehicle units

INDUSTRY MEASURES IN LINE WITH NATIONAL LEGISLATION

“Reduce” initiatives

“Reuse” initiatives

“Recycle” initiatives

For designated products:- Weight reduction/ Downsizing- Longer product life- Reduced use of hazardous substances

For designated products:

- Use of recyclable materials

- Ease of dismantling

- Ease of sorting

- Non-hazardous recycling

- Materials identification

Basic premise:- Environmentally responsible vehicle design on the part of automobile manufacturers

- Recovery and recycling of: 1) Fluorocarbons 2) Airbags 3) ASRNote: Motorcycles are not covered by the ELV Recycling Law.

RECYCLING RATES: TARGETED & ACHIEVED

Three DesignatedItems

Fluorocarbons

Airbags

ASR

Target

Destruction

85%

2005: 30%2010: 50%2015: 70%

Achieved

2.91 million vehicle units (2013)

94-95% (2013)

96-97.7% (2013)

Sources: Government-affiliated entities

Attention to the Environment Recycling

Vehicle Recycling and Waste ReductionUnder Japan’s End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Recycling Law which entered into force in January 2005, automobile manufacturers and importers are responsible for recovery, recycling and appropriate disposal with respect to fluorocarbons, airbags, and automobile shredder residue (ASR). Compliance with the law was anticipated to enable ASR to be recycled at a rate of 70% by 2015, resulting in an automobile recycling rate, by vehicle weight, of 95% (as compared with the 80% rate prevailing prior to the introduction of the law); those rates were in fact surpassed in 2008. Japan’s vehicle recycling infrastructure as mandated by its ELV Recycling Law is the first in the world to administer the entire process of auto recycling—from ELV recovery to final disposal—on the basis of electronic “manifests” (or compliance checklists). JAMA itself played a central role in the development and implementation of this advanced vehicle recycling system; it has, moreover, provided continuous cooperation in, and financial support for, the development, maintenance, and upgrading of related systems. In line with legislative provisions promoting the so-called 3-R initiatives (“reduce, reuse, and recycle”), Japan’s automakers are also striving to design vehicles using lightweight materials that are easy to dismantle and recycle, and to reduce and recycle waste generated in the manufacturing process. In 2013 the volume of auto plant-generated waste destined for landfill disposal totalled 400 tons, representing a 99.9% decrease from the 1990 level and surpassing by a very wide margin the 2015 target of 10,000 tons.


Promotion of Effective Utilizationof Resources Law (the “3-R” Law)

End-of-Life VehicleRecycling Law

Product Design Waste Management ELV Recycling

Dis

trib

uti

on

, Ser

vici

ng

an

d U

se

For designated areas of activity:- Reduction/recycling of designated waste products generated in vehicle manufacturing operations: 1) Scrap metals 2) Casting sand residue

- Total waste volume*: 1990 (baseline): 352,000 tons

2013: 400 tons (a 99.9% reduction from 1990) JAMA target: 10,000 tons by fiscal 2015*For landfill disposal, including scrap

metals, casting sand residue, and other waste

ELV RECOVERY IN NUMBERS

33

THE ELV RECYCLING FLOW (as per the provisions of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law)

Delegated Funds Management Entity(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)

Delegated Information Management Entity(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)

Automobile Manufacturers/Importers/Delegated Organization(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)

Shredder ResidueRecycling Facilities

Shredder ResidueRecycling Facilities

Designated Handling Agent

Purchasers of New Vehicles

Purchasers ofUsed Vehicles

Final Owners

Dismantlers

Fluorocarbon Recovery Operators

ELVCollectors

Inspection & registration verification (MOTAS)

Mini-vehicle inspection

Designated Handling Agent

Deliverymanifests

Recoverymanifests

Deliverymanifests

Recoverymanifests

Deliverymanifests

Recoverymanifests

Deliverymanifests

Recoverymanifests

AirbagDisposal Facilities

FluorocarbonDisposal* Facilities

*Fluorocarbons are destroyed.

ELVsELVs

Payment of recycling fee

ELVs

AirbagsPaymentfor recovery

Shredder residue

Fluorocarbons Payment

for recovery

Vehiclecarcasses

Remittance of recycling-fee funds

Press & Shear

Operators

To markets for recyclable parts,

metals, etc.

Shredding & Sorting Operators

Shredder Residue

Processors

Fluorocarbon & airbag disposal managed byJapan Auto Recycling Partnership (JARP)

MOTAS: Japanese-derived acronym for “motor vehicle inspection & registration system.”

Note: The Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center assumes the same responsibilities as automobile manufacturers and importers when an ELV has no manufacturer representation under the provisions of this law. It also assumes transport-to-mainland costs for ELVs turned in on Japan’s smallest islands.

Waste for landfill disposal(x 1,000 tons)

Total value of vehicle production including motorcycles(x 1 billion yen)


1990Fiscal year

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 2015Target

20

15

10

5

0

25

400

300

200

100

0

500

352

302266

199171

143 131 11485 68

51 3320 18 12 8 6 10

24.3

2

18.6 19.0 18.616.5 16.4 15.9

17.3 17.516.1 15.8

16.6 17.218.818.8 19.5

21.0

22.7

As a result of the efforts made by Japan’s automobile manufacturers, the total volume of auto plant-generated waste destined for landfill has decreased dramatically. It surpassed the 2015 target of 10,000 tons for the first time in 2005, shrinking more than 97% from the 1990 baseline level to 8,000 tons. In 2013 plant-generated waste totalled 400 tons, marking not only a decrease from the previous year, but also a 99.9% reduction from the 1990 level—and thus very significantly surpassing the 2015 target.

REDUCTIONS IN PRODUCTION PLANT-GENERATED WASTE

08

19.8

1.4

09

16.9

1

10

17.7

1.1

11 12

1.3 0.6

18.119.1

ELV flow

Information flow

Payment/fundsremittance flow

13

0.4

21.3

34

THE MOTORCYCLE RECYCLING FLOW

COMMERCIAL VEHICLE RACK EQUIPMENT NOT COVERED BY THE END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE RECYCLING LAW

Freezer trucks/vans,refrigerator trucks/vans, dry vans, etc.

Tank trucks, cement mixers, waterspraying trucks, water-supply trucks, sewage removal trucks, etc.

Specialized hauling trucks,vehicle carriers, container trucks, lift-equipped vehicles, etc.

Special all-terrain vehicles,fire trucks, wreckers,pump trucks, ladder-equipped vehicles, etc.

Van-type CVssuch as:

Tank-type CVssuch as:

Hauling CVssuch as:

Special-purpose CVs

such as:

The End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law does not cover some types of rack and custom equipment for commercial vehicles. Recovery costs through final disposal are therefore not included in the vehicle recycling fee but rather market-determined.

For all commercial vehicle rack equipment covered by the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law, including single-body vehicle equipment (exclusive of custom equipment), the vehicle recycling fee covers the entire cost of recovery through final disposal.

Cost Burden forEquipment

Not Coveredby the Law

Cost Burden forEquipment

Coveredby the Law

(Color code explains cost burden placement.)

Voluntary Recovery(from Cab-Type Vehicles)

Voluntary Recovery(from Single-Body Vehicles)

Vehicles Not Covered bythe End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law

Custom andother equipment

All equipment whoserecovery is not

mandated by law

(Color code explains cost burden placement.)

Attention to the Environment Recycling

Voluntary Initiatives to Recycle Commercial Vehicle Rack Equipment and Motorcycles

Japan’s End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law does not cover some types of commercial vehicle rack and custom equipment, nor does it cover motorcycles. In response, JAMA, in cooperation with the Japan Auto-Body Industries Association, promotes the voluntary development and use of rack equipment that is easy to dismantle and contains minimal amounts of hazardous substances. JAMA has also introduced a recycling-and-disposal system for such equipment and encourages operator participation in the system. As of January 2015, a total of 160 operators across Japan are participating in this system voluntarily. Meanwhile, since October 2004 JAMA’s four motorcycle-manufacturing members, along with 12 motorcycle importers, have been voluntarily operating a recycling system under which motorcycle dealers nationwide sell only vehicles that feature an official motorcycle recycling mark, enabling, without any additional charge to their final owners, their recovery and processing through the proper disposal channels at the end of their service life. In October 2011, the motorcycle recycling fee was eliminated for vehicles sold prior to the introduction of the motorcycle recycling system seven years earlier. The disposal of municipally-owned end-of-life motorcycles requires advance approval by the Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center.


Note: The cost of ELV motorcycle delivery from ELV dealers to certified collection centers is financed by the motorcycle manufacturers on the basis of the consumer’s recycling fee paid at the time of motorcycle purchase.

FinalOwners

End-of-Life MotorcycleProcessing

(nationwide operations)

End-of-Life Motorcycle Dealers

Delivery ofend-of-life

motorcycle directlyto a certified

collection center

ELV Motorcycle Dealer Designation

Source: Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center

CertifiedCollectionCenters

(180)

Verificationof ownership

Verificationof recycling

documentation

Verificationof ownership

Digitsrepresentdealer’sID code.

Verificationof recycling

documentation

Disposal/RecyclingFacilities

(14)Delivery

to certifiedcollection

centers

Motorcycle Recycling Mark

Delivery of end-of-life

motorcycle toan ELV motorcycle

dealer

35

OVERVIEW OF JAPAN’S MOTOR VEHICLE NOISE REGULATIONS (for accelerated running noise)

PROCEDURES FOR TESTING MOTOR VEHICLE NOISE LEVELS

Reducing Automobile-Emitted NoiseAutomobiles generate various kinds of noise, including the noise emitted by the engine, intake system, powertrain, and cooling and exhaust systems. Tires also generate tire/road noise. Automotive noise in Japan is regulated by standards—on accelerated running noise, steady running noise, and stationary exhaust proximity noise—which have become progressively more stringent, requiring automakers to develop the technologies necessary for compliance. As regards the noise intentionally emitted through tampered mufflers, which has been recognized as a public nuisance, strengthened regulations in effect since April 2010 mandate a) that mufflers be tamper-resistant so as to prevent the alteration of their noise-suppression mechanism, and b) that replacement mufflers not only meet Japan’s relevant noise standards through type approval compliance but also be ID-marked accordingly. Although very significant progress has been made as a result of all of these efforts, the Japanese government’s Central Environment Council is nevertheless working on the updating of noise regulations in line with the results of studies conducted under the United Nations’ World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29). Accordingly, in its “New Measures for Reducing Automobile-Emitted Noise” released in April 2012, the government announced its intention to introduce, beginning in 2014, UN R41-04, the new international standard on motorcycle acceleration noise, as well as UN R117-02, to regulate tire noise generated by passenger cars, trucks and buses. Meanwhile, the Forum’s Working Party on Noise continues to discuss the quietness of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles running at low speed, with a view to creating a global technical standard in this regard.

Attention to the Environment NoiseAutomobiles and Society

10m

Microphone (1.2m above ground level)

Noise-level measurement span Noise-level measurement span

7.5m

10m 10m10m

7.5m

Microphone (1.2m above ground level)

After running at a steady speed up to this point, full-throttle acceleration Running at a constant

speed

In dB(A)

Vehicle Type1998-2001

Large-sized vehicles

Medium-sized vehicles

Small-sized vehicles

Passenger cars

4WD vehicles, etc.TrucksBuses4WD vehicles, etc.TrucksBusesOther than mini-vehiclesMini-vehiclesOver 6 occupants6 occupants or fewer

1982-198719791976-19771971

Vehicles exclusively for the transport of passengers, with up to 10-passenger occupancy

Vehicles with GVW≤3.5 tons

Vehicles with GVW>3.5 tons and maximum engine output≤150 kW

Vehicles with GVW>3.5 tons and maximum engine output>150 kW

Notes: 1. In pre-1987 regulations, “150 kW” reads “200 horsepower.” 2. “4WD vehicles, etc.” includes 4WDs, tractors, and cranes.

Regulation

Passenger Cars, Trucks and Buses

Vehicle Type2014-

Small-sized motorcyclesMini-sized motorcycles

Class (see note)

Motor-driven cycles Class 2Class (see note)

Motor-driven cycles Class 1 Class (see note)

Over 250cc126cc-250ccOver 50 (PMR*-based)51cc-125cc26-50 (PMR*-based)

50cc & under25 & under (PMR*-based)

77

74

73

1998-2001

73

71

71

1982-1987

75

72

72

1979

78

75

75

1976-1977

83

79

79

19718684

82

80

Mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles under the current classification

Mostly Class 2 but also some Class 1 motor-driven cycles and some mini-sized motorcycles under the current classification

Class 1 motor-driven cycles under the current classification

*PMR: Power-to-mass ratio. Note: Beginning in 2014, for noise regulation purposes, motorcycles in Japan will be classified (based on their PMR values) under the Class , and 0 categories, and the Class 1 motor-driven cycle, Class 2 motor-driven cycle, mini-sized motorcycle and small-sized motorcycle categories will no longer apply.

Source: Ministry of the Environment

Regulation

Motorcycles

Steady running noiseAccelerated running noise

82

81

81

80

76

76

83

83

78

78

86

86

81

81

89

87

83

82

92

89

85

84

36

13.5

Number of accidents

Intersection308,062(53.7%)

Straightaway241,473(42.1%)

Withinintersection

226,399(39.5%)

Other24,307(4.2%)

Nearintersection

81,663(14.2%)

Notes: 1. The survey on seatbelt use is conducted annually in October. 2. 2014 survey samples totalled roughly 413,000 on regular roads and 88,000 on expressways.

Notes: 1. “Straightaway” includes some curves and tunnels. 2. “Other” includes railroad crossings.

Source: National Police Agency

ROAD ACCIDENTS/INJURIES/FATALITIES

1970Year

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

0

Injuries(Number of persons)

Accidents(Number of accidents)

Fatalities(Number of persons)

ROAD ACCIDENTS/INJURIES/FATALITIES (exact figures)

Accidents

Injuries (Number of persons)

Fatalities(Number of persons)

931,950

1,155,707

9,073

761,794

922,677

10,684

643,097

790,295

11,227

552,788

681,346

9,261

476,677

598,719

8,760

472,938

622,467

10,792

718,080

981,096

16,765

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year

ROAD ACCIDENTS IN 2014 BY ROAD CONFIGURATION

SEATBELT USE RATES BY SEAT POSITION

934,339

1,157,115

6,927

Source: National Police Agency

Road Accidents and Resulting Fatalities and Injuries Continue to Decline

In 2014 road fatalities (defined as occurring within 24 hours after the accident) in Japan fell for the fourteenth straight year, to a total of 4,113. Road accidents and road injuries also declined, for the tenth consecutive year, to 573,842 and 711,374 respectively. Increased seatbelt use is one of the major factors behind the downward trend in road fatalities. The June 2008 revision to the Road Traffic Act requires all automobile passengers, including rear-seat occupants, to use seatbelts. Although the rate of use of rear seatbelts in 2014 stood at 35.1% on regular roads and at 70.3% on expressways, those rates remain low compared to the rate of use of front seatbelts, which approaches 100%. Further measures are needed to encourage rear-seat occupants to buckle up.

Road Safety Status of Road AccidentsAutomobiles and Society

Total Numberof Accidents

573,842(100%)

Sources: National Police Agency; Japan Automobile Federation

In %

2005Year

06 07

100

80

60

40

20

0

Regular Roads

100

80

60

40

20

0

Expressways

Driver’s seat Front passenger’s seat Rear seat

92.4 93.892.4 93.8 95.0

8.1 7.5 8.8

80.3 83.4 86.3

97.7 98.2 98.5

92.1 93.0 93.5

9.8 12.7 13.5

08

95.9

30.8

89.2

09

96.6

33.5

90.8

10 11 12 13 14

2005Year

06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

97.3 97.5

33.1 33.2

92.2 92.7

97.7 98.0

33.2 35.1

93.2 93.9

98.2

35.1

93.9

99.0

62.5

96.4

99.2

63.496.9

99.2 99.3

63.7 63.597.0 97.3

99.5

65.497.7

99.4

68.2 70.397.9

99.5

98.1

725,903

896,294

4,922

2010

692,056

854,610

4,663

2011 2012

665,138

825,396

4,411

2013

629,021

781,494

4,373

2014

573,842

711,374

4,113

37

Brake assist Unfastened seatbelt warning (front passenger’s seat)Power-window jamming prevention (with auto-up function)Power-window jamming prevention (without auto-up function)High-intensity discharge headlamps Adaptive front-lighting system (AFS) Back-up monitoring (rear obstacle detection) Vehicle perimeter monitoring Vehicle perimeter obstacle warning Blind-corner monitoring Night vision monitoring Curve detection Tire pressure monitoring Driver inattention warning Inter-vehicle distance warningLane departure warning Rear collision warning-equipped headrest control Collision-mitigation braking system (pre-crash safety)Adaptive cruise control Adaptive cruise control with low-speed following modeFull-range adaptive cruise control Lane-keeping assist Back-up monitoring (parking assistance) Navigator-based gearshift control Pre-crash seatbelts Electronic stability control Traction control with ABSNavigator-based stop sign alert with brake assistRearward-approaching-vehicle warning Emergency braking warningVehicle proximity warning (for HVs/EVs) (3)Collision-mitigation braking system (pre-crash safety at low-speed vehicle operation)Accelerator suppression for pedal misapplicationAutomatic high-to-low-beam headlamp controlSide airbags Curtain airbags Active head restraints ISOFIX anchorages (for child safety seats) Three-point seatbelt for rear center seat (4)

Total

17284

17327

13743

120353219

41612252930

74937

61213172536

14312811

74329212413

133134118172127

95.646.996.115.076.123.966.719.417.810.62.28.96.7

13.916.116.73.9

27.220.63.36.77.29.4

13.920.079.471.16.13.9

23.926.911.713.37.2

73.974.465.695.684.7

4,067,4822,163,1504,183,182

721,5552,017,438

232,084878,848161,539192,83858,125

2,17546,35771,858

152,851175,599134,698

3,014197,419180,99694,28898,06112,95313,98345,887

253,8882,567,7992,471,090

104,22760,855

1,282,336759,539455,572528,81233,806

1,160,1141,073,7372,518,8764,189,4492,521,453

96.051.198.817.047.65.5

20.83.84.61.40.11.11.73.64.13.20.14.74.32.22.30.30.31.16.0

60.658.42.51.4

30.327.210.812.50.8

27.425.459.598.985.3

(163)(83)

(173)(26)(47)(13)(19)(7)(4)(0)(0)(1)(6)(2)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(5)(4)

(90)(82)(5)(0)

(35)(27)(0)(0)(0)

(58)(57)

(116)(168)(119)

ActiveSafety

PassiveSafety

Safety FeatureInstallation Status

In no. of models (1) In % (2) In vehicle units In % (2)

Equipping More Vehicles with Advanced Safety FeaturesRoad safety involves three factors—vehicles, road users, and road infrastructure—and greater road safety requires that progress be made in all three areas. The automotive industry continuously strives for greater active safety by upgrading vehicle safety equipment and expanding its onboard installation rates, to help prevent accident occurrence. At the same time, it seeks to increase passive safety through enhanced structural safety and vehicle features designed to mitigate injury when accidents do occur.

Road Safety Vehicle SafetyAutomobiles and Society

180 4,234,874


(1) “In no. of models” indicates the number of models in which the safety feature is installed as standard or optional equipment. Figures in parentheses indicate the number of models in which the safety feature is standard equipment. (2) “In %” means as a percentage of the total number of models/units produced. (3) In 2013 a total of 108 hybrid/electric car models (2,789,874 vehicle units) were produced. (4) In 2013 a total of 150 passenger car models (2,956,058 vehicle units) were produced, excluding mini and other passenger cars which are not eligible for rear seat inclusion.Note: Passenger cars here include minicars.

ActiveSafety

PassiveSafety

1998Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-

VEHICLE SAFETY FEATURES & YEAR OF INTRODUCTION


Inter-vehicle distance warning Adaptive cruise control

Lane-keeping assist Blind-corner monitoring

Night vision monitoring Navigator-based gearshift control (ATs only) Adaptive front-lighting system (AFS) Park assist Collision-mitigation braking system (pre-crash safety)

Vehicle proximity warning Automatic high-to-low-beam headlamp control Accelerator suppression for pedal misapplication

Active head restraints Curtain airbags Pedestrian protection vehicle design

ISOFIX anchorages (for child safety seats) Advanced compatibility vehicle structure

Knee airbags Pre-crash seatbelts

Automatic pop-up hood

( With low-speed following mode) ( Full-range)

Rollover curtain airbags Motorcycle airbags

SAFETY FEATURE ONBOARD INSTALLATION STATUS (for passenger cars produced in 2013 for home market)

38

JAMA Initiatives in Promoting Greater Road SafetyIn April 2004, JAMA pledged its support of the Japanese government’s goal to reduce road fatalities by 50% over a period of ten years. JAMA’s own initiatives towards that goal are outlined below.

Accidents involving pedestrians or cyclists

Special measures for the elderly Greater use of seatbelts Delays in driver recognition and incorrect vehicle control

Accidents occurring at twilight/night Accidents occurring at intersections

Collisions with stationary objects Compatibility

Road Users: Public Awareness CampaignsPriority Area

For infrastructural improvements, based on the results of accident causation studies.

For more widespread roadway/sidewalk demarcation and greater barrier-free mobility.

For improved nighttime road illumination.

For road infrastructure regulations for effective utilization of ITS technologies.

For expanded provision of underground power lines and impact-absorbing road installations.

Continued implementation of road safety public awareness campaigns, based on the results of accident causation studies.

Development of road safety educational programs specifically for the elderly.

Public awareness campaigns to promote the use of seatbelts.

Campaigns aimed at preventing faulty driver recognition and incorrect vehicle control.

Campaigns to promote the early lighting of automobile headlamps.

Public awareness campaigns to encourage drivers to exercise greater caution at intersections, where the majority of fatal road accidents occur.

Vehicles: Safety Measures Road Infrastructure: Proposals to Government

JAMA’S ROAD SAFETY INITIATIVES IN EIGHT PRIORITY AREAS

(1) Adaptive front-lighting systems. (2) Anti-lock braking systems. (3) Brake-assist systems.

Road Safety JAMA InitiativesAutomobiles and Society

Road Safety National InitiativesAutomobiles and Society

Japan’s 9th Basic Plan for Road Safety Japan’s road safety measures are promoted on the basis of its succession of consecutive “basic plans” for road safety, the first of which was implemented in 1970. In line with the government’s goal of eventually achieving “zero road accidents” nationwide, Japan’s ninth road safety plan (2011-2015) aims to create a highly road safety-conscious society that places maximum priority on human life and, in particular, the safety of those of its members who are most vulnerable to road accidents—namely, pedestrians, senior citizens, and persons who are disabled. The plan emphasizes the need to pursue aggressive measures targeting further reductions in the occurrence of road accidents and fatalities.

JAPAN’S ROAD SAFETY TARGETS

– To reduce the annual number of road fatalities (occurring within 24 hours post-accident) to below 3,000 by 2015, and thus to make Japan’s roads the safest in the world.

– To reduce the total annual number of road fatalities (occurring within 24 hours post-accident) and injuries to below 700,000 by 2015.

Road Infrastructure Improvements- Sidewalk construction/upgrades, especially in school zones - More pedestrian routes suitable for the elderly and disabled- Increased use of ITS

Promotion of Safe Driving- Implementation of special driver-education programs for the elderly- Vehicle fleet operation-related road accident analysis

Enforcement of Road Traffic Laws- Strict enforcement of traffic regulations - Stronger crackdowns on “hot-rodding” motorcyclists

Provision of Fair Compensation for Road Accident Victims- Enhanced support for the provision of fair “damages” compensation

Road Safety Public Awareness Campaigns- Promotion of safe cycling - Promotion of road safety education for the elderly- Promotion of seatbelt use by all vehicle occupants - Promotion of road safety activities in local communities with the participation of residents

Enhancement of Vehicle Safety- Expanded development and onboard application of Advanced Safety Vehicle technologies- Implementation of improvements to the national vehicle recall system- Promotion of regular vehicle checks and maintenance

Reinforcement of Emergency Rescue Operations Infrastructure- Improved training and deployment of emergency rescue personnel- Upgrading of emergency dispatch support systems - Promotion of doctor-staffed helicopters

Promotion of Road Safety Research and Analysis- Promotion of further safe-driving research- Promotion of comprehensive analysis of road accident causation

Source: Japan’s 9th Basic Plan for Road Safety

EIGHT MAJOR AREAS OF ROAD SAFETY PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITY

More widespread application of AFS (1), ABS (2), BA (3), and stability control.

Development of technologies specifically geared to aging-related physical changes.

Research into the mechanisms of accident causation and human-machine interface conditions using data recorders, etc.

More widespread application of AFS.

More widespread application of ABS, BA, and stability control.Improvement of side-impact protection performance.

Improvement of side-impact and vehicle occupant protection performance and of side and curtain airbags.

R&D on crash-compatible vehicle bodies and compatibility evaluation methods to improve vehicle performance.

39

TOTAL NUMBER OF LICENSES HELD, BY YEAR & LICENSE/VEHICLE CATEGORY

Source for all statistical data on this page: National Police Agency

CLASS 1 LICENSES AND THE VEHICLE CATEGORIES THEY COVER

Largemotor vehicle

Men

Women

Total

Year

45,135,941

33,662,880

78,798,821

2005

45,257,391

34,072,475

79,329,866

2006

45,412,614

34,494,598

79,907,212

2007

45,517,585

34,930,257

80,447,842

2008

45,539,419

35,272,526

80,811,945

2009

45,487,010

35,523,236

81,010,246

2010

45,448,263

35,767,003

81,215,266

2011

45,437,260

36,050,586

81,487,846

2012

45,463,791

36,396,221

81,860,012

2013

45,430,245

36,645,978

82,076,223

2014

Ordinary motor vehicle

Large special-purpose vehicle

Largetwo-

wheeler

Ordinarytwo-

wheeler

Ordinarytwo-wheeler(51cc-125cc)

Small special-purpose vehicle

Motorizedbicycle

GENDER TRENDS IN DRIVER’S LICENSE HOLDERS (at end of every calendar year)

Class 1 Licenses

Notes: 1. As per a revision to the Road Traffic Act, the middle-category motor vehicle license went into effect from June 2, 2007. 2. The ordinary motor vehicle and large two-wheeler license categories include licenses restricted to automatic transmission (AT) cars/motorcycles; the ordinary two-wheeler license category includes licenses restricted, respectively, to AT motorcycles, to small-sized (over 250cc) motorcycles, and to small-sized AT motorcycles.

Note: In the above figures, one count is allotted to each vehicle category covered, whenever a license covers multiple vehicle categories.

Large motor vehicle

Middle-category motor vehicle



Large two-wheeler (over 400cc)

Ordinarytwo-wheeler


Motorized bicycle (50cc & under)

Vehicle Category

126cc-400cc

51cc-125cc

Number of persons

Number of licenses held

Year

Large motor vehicle




Traction vehicle

Subtotal

Large motor vehicle




Traction vehicle

Large two-wheeler

Ordinary two-wheeler


Motorized bicycle

Subtotal

Class 2Licenses

Class 1Licenses

Total

2008 2009

1,106,704

1,200,328

168,575

47,753

53,703

2,577,063

5,499,204

75,059,457

1,961,618

2,417,497

1,130,186

12,006,075

8,663,075

629,151

17,358,087

124,724,350

127,301,413

1,089,135

1,162,250

190,198

47,238

53,125

2,541,946

5,464,835

74,378,308

3,177,214

2,428,901

1,139,434

11,765,267

8,839,410

598,136

17,304,896

125,096,401

127,638,347

2010

1,068,347

1,121,287

200,961

46,698

52,480

2,489,773

5,415,730

73,587,938

4,370,510

2,435,324

1,145,609

11,472,937

8,996,934

565,103

17,190,548

125,180,633

127,670,406

2011

1,046,361

1,081,474

208,060

46,055

51,716

2,433,666

5,375,268

72,814,101

5,550,718

2,443,687

1,152,732

11,197,903

9,154,873

532,892

17,075,472

125,297,646

127,731,312

2012

1,026,180

1,042,120

214,555

45,463

51,035

2,379,353

5,337,727

72,070,665

6,749,966

2,454,123

1,160,509

10,938,930

9,310,786

503,338

16,977,729

125,503,773

127,883,126

2013

1,007,743

1,002,043

220,403

45,041

50,473

2,325,703

5,299,480

71,409,459

7,936,169

2,465,978

1,168,205

10,703,691

9,472,692

477,296

16,905,848

125,838,818

128,164,521

2014

986,518

960,304

224,823

44,330

49,665

2,265,640

5,253,880

70,632,500

9,113,940

2,473,823

1,174,267

10,430,075

9,619,692

450,123

16,784,700

125,933,000

128,198,640

Middle-category

motor vehicle

82.1 Million People Hold Driver’s LicensesAt the end of 2014 there were 82.1 million people, or 45.4 million men and 36.6 million women, holding valid driver’s licenses in Japan. The number of driver’s licenses held totalled 128.2 million (with one count allotted to each vehicle category covered, whenever a license covers multiple vehicle categories). By license category, Class 2 licenses were held by 2.27 million people, or 2.21 million men and 0.06 million women, and Class 1 licenses by 125.9 million people, or 81.51 million men and 44.42 million women.

Driver’s Licenses and the Driving PopulationAutomobiles and Society

40

Sources: Customs tariff schedules of countries/region concerned

Buses

Trucks

Japan U.S.A. EUPassenger Cars

Bodies, parts and accessories

25%Vehicles for the transport of 10 or more persons, incl. the driver

None

Gasoline trucks, over 2800ccDiesel trucks, over 2500cc Gasoline trucks, 2800cc or under Diesel trucks, 2500cc or under

25%Cab chassis, from 5t up to 20t in GVW

None

10%2.5%None

Components, etc.

Major components: None

Bodies, parts and accessories

China

Trucks, under 5t in GVW Gasoline trucks, 5t or greater in GVWDiesel trucks, from 5t up to 20t in GVW Diesel trucks, 20t or greater in GVW

25%

Major components

AUTOMOBILE CUSTOMS TARIFFS, JAPAN/U.S.A./EU/CHINA

Automobile Customs TariffsAfter repeated reductions in tariff rates, import tariffs in Japan on finished motor vehicles and major auto components were completely abolished in 1978. Meanwhile, some countries still impose high tariffs on imported vehicles. The United States imposes a 25% tariff on imported trucks, and EU import tariffs range from 10% (on finished passenger cars) to 22% (on larger-sized trucks). China’s auto tariffs remain high despite having been progressively lowered after the country’s accession to the World Trade Organization.

Automobile Customs TariffsAutomobiles and Society

Vehicles for the transport of 10 or more persons, incl. the driverGasoline buses, over 2800ccDiesel buses, over 2500cc Gasoline buses, 2800cc or underDiesel buses, 2500cc or under

.... 2.5%

......... 2%

................... 22%

............ 10%........................ 4%

.......... 3-4.5%

.......................... 25%

.... 20%......... 15%

................................ 6-10%

.................... 16%

............. 10%

TRENDS IN DOMESTIC FREIGHT TRANSPORT VOLUMES, BY MODE

1965Fiscal year

1975 1985 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0

x 100 million tons/km

Notes: 1. Since 1987, “Road” includes transport by mini-vehicles. 2. Survey and calculation methods for “Road” data changed in 2010. 3. “Road” figures for fiscal 2010 (ending March 31, 2011) and 2011 do not include March and April 2011 data from the Tohoku region and Hokkaido as a consequence of the March 11, 2011 earthquake.

1,857

3,606

4,341

5,5725,763 5,684 5,688

Air Maritime Rail Road

5,770

2007 2008 2009 2010

5,8065,561

Motor Vehicles Are Vital to Goods DistributionAccounting at present for 51% of Japan’s total freight transport, road transportation plays an essential role in goods distribution. The role of motor vehicles in freight transport, especially small cargo transport, will become even more significant in the years ahead.

Automotive Freight TransportAutomobiles and Society

As of February 2015

484

1,297

2,059

2,930 3,116 3,2623,335 3,450 3,533 3,449

567

471

219

251221

225 228232 233 223

806

1,836

2,058

2,383 2,417 2,188 2,116 2,078 2,030

1,879

0.21

1.52

4.82

7.69.1 8.7 8.8 9.2 9.5

10.1 5,220

3,332

206

1,673

9.8

4,445

2,432

204

1,799

9.7

Sources: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, etc.

4,269

2,311

200

1,749

9.34,093

2,100

205

1,778

9.5

4,210

2,141

211

1,849

9.7

2011 2012 2013

41

Breakdown of Automobile-Related

Tax Revenue (estimated)83,063 (8.7%)

Business tax36,042(3.8%)

Liquor tax13,080(1.4%)

Stamp tax10,270(1.1%)

Consumption tax195,305(20.4%)

Fixed asset tax87,095(9.1%)

Tonnagetax

6,307

Automobiletax

15,397

Mini-vehicletax

1,999

Gasolinetax

24,660

Dieselhandling

tax9,383

LPG tax200

Regionalgasoline

excise tax2,638

Consumptiontax (on fuels)

7,758

Corporate tax114,670(12.0%)

Other252,429(26.3%)

Income tax164,420(17.2%)

TAX REVENUE (Estimated) BY SOURCE IN FISCAL 2015 (as per Japan’s fiscal 2015 budget)

Notes: 1. Automobile-related consumption tax revenue is not included in the “Consumption tax” segment in the chart on the left, but is included in the breakdown of automobile-related tax revenue appearing in the chart on the right. 2. Automobile-related consumption tax revenue values (including the consumption tax revenue from automobile servicing, not shown but included in figures here) have been calculated by JAMA. 3. The consumption tax is a national sales tax, of which 1.7% of the revenue is redistributed as revenue to local governments.

Sources: Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

x 100 million yen

Taxes on Automobiles Total38,424

Taxes onFuelsTotal

44,639

Total Tax Revenue

(national andlocal taxes)

956,374(100%)

Duringownership

Whilein use

Onacquisition

Acquisition tax1,096

Consumption tax(on automobiles)

13,625

HowAssessed

National/Local Tax

Tax Rate/Amount

Assessed on the purchase price of the automobile

National and local tax

8% (of which 1.7% is a local tax)

On Acquisition During OwnershipTax Category

AUTOMOBILE-RELATED TAXES IN JAPAN (as of May 1, 2015)

Consumption Tax

Assessed on the acquisition of an automobile, whether new or used, based on the purchase price

Prefectural tax

(Private use)- 3% of purchase price

(2% for commercial vehicles and mini-vehicles)

- Exempted for vehicles purchased for ¥500,000 or less

Acquisition Tax

Assessed according to vehicle weight at each mandatory vehicle inspection

National tax

1) Only eco-friendly vehicles and new passenger cars and small trucks and buses (GVW≤2.5t) complying with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards:¥2,500/0.5t/year for private-use passenger cars (i.e., base rate)

2) Vehicles on the road 18 years or longer since first registration: ¥6,300/0.5t/year for private-use passenger cars

3) Vehicles on the road 13 years or longer since first registration: ¥5,400/0.5t/year for private-use passenger cars(¥5,700/0.5t/year for private-use passenger cars, from April 2016)

4) Other vehicles for private use: - Passenger cars: ¥4,100/0.5t/year- Trucks (GVW>2.5t): ¥4,100/t/year; Trucks (GVW≤2.5t): ¥3,300/t/year- Buses: ¥4,100/t/year; Mini-vehicles: ¥3,300/year- Motorcycles (251cc and over): ¥1,900/year- Motorcycles (126 to 250cc): ¥4,900 upon registration

Tonnage Tax

Taxes Taxes on AutomobilesAutomobiles and Society

Note: For eco-friendly vehicles, reductions/exemptions apply to the acquisition tax (see pages 48-51).

Note: For eco-friendly vehicles, reductions/exemptions apply to the tonnage tax (see pages 48-51).

8 Trillion Yen in Annual Automobile-Related Tax RevenueSince the initial earmarking of funds for road construction and road maintenance programs in line with Japan’s first five-year road improvement plan in 1954, there has been a steady increase both in the number of automobile-related taxes assessed on users and in their respective rates. Currently, the automobile tax structure consists of nine different taxes, creating a very heavy tax burden for motor vehicle owners in Japan. Under the government’s budget for fiscal 2015, the total value of tax revenue from these automobile-related taxes has been estimated at 8.3 trillion yen, or 8.7% of Japan’s projected total tax revenue of 96 trillion yen in fiscal 2015.

42

Assessed on the purchase price of fuels

National and local tax

8% of the purchase price of fuels (of which 1.7% is a local tax)

For light oil, imposed on the light oil price excluding the diesel handling tax

Fixed amount assessed on the owner each year as of April 1

Prefectural tax

Passenger cars (for private use)- Up to 1,000cc ¥29,500/year- 1,001 to 1,500cc ¥34,500/year- 1,501 to 2,000cc ¥39,500/year- 2,001 to 2,500cc ¥45,000/year- 2,501 to 3,000cc ¥51,000/year- 3,001 to 3,500cc ¥58,000/year- 3,501 to 4,000cc ¥66,500/year- 4,001 to 4,500cc ¥76,500/year- 4,501 to 6,000cc ¥88,000/year- Over 6,000cc ¥111,000/year

Automobile Tax

Fixed amount assessed on the owner each year as of April 1

Municipal tax

1) Mini-vehicles (for private use)- Passenger cars ¥10,800/year- Trucks ¥5,000/year

2) Motorcycles- Up to 050cc ¥1,000/year- 051 to 090cc ¥1,200/year- 091 to 125cc ¥1,600/year- 126 to 250cc ¥2,400/year- 251cc and over ¥4,000/year

Mini-Vehicle Tax


Notes: 1. Consumption tax revenue values (including the consumption tax revenue from automobile servicing, not shown but included in figures here) have been calculated by JAMA. 2. Current tax rates effective as of April 1, 2015.

While in Use

GasolineTax

¥5.2/

Regional GasolineExcise Tax

Assessed on light oil

Prefectural tax

¥32.1/ (light oil)

Diesel Handling Tax

Assessed on LPG

National tax

¥17.5/kg (LPG)

LPG Tax ConsumptionTax

JAPAN’S ESTIMATED AUTOMOBILE-RELATED TAX REVENUE IN FISCAL 2015

TAX RATES IN EFFECT (Examples), 1954-2015, TO SUPPORT ROAD NETWORK IMPROVEMENTS


Commercial and mini- vehicles excluded

3%

5%

3%

1.00

AcquisitionTax

FiscalYear“Five-Year” PlanDuration

In the case of a passenger car for private use

2,5005,0006,300

6,3005,000

4,100 (2,500*)4,100 (2,500*)

1.64

TonnageTax

¥/0.5t/year13.011.0

14.8

19.2

22.124.3

29.236.545.6

48.6

48.6

2.00

GasolineTax¥/

2.0

3.5

4.04.4

5.36.68.2

5.2

5.2

1.18

Regional GasolineExcise Tax

¥/

6.08.0

10.4

12.515.0

19.524.3

32.1

32.1

2.14

DieselHandling Tax

¥/

510

17.5

17.5

1.00

LPG Tax¥/kg

’54’55’56’57

’59

’61’64‘66’67’68’70’71’74’76’79

’93’98

1954-’57

’58-’60

’61-’63

’64-’66

’67-’69

’70-’72

’73-’77

’78-’82’83-’87’88-’92’93-’97’98-’02

2003-’07

’08-

’10-’11’12-’13

’14-Comparison with base tax rate

(multiplier value)

Acquisition taxConsumption tax (on automobiles)Tonnage tax

Automobile tax

Mini-vehicle taxTotal Gasoline taxRegional gasoline excise taxDiesel handling taxLPG taxConsumption tax (on fuels)Total

1,09613,625

6,307

15,397

1,99938,42424,6602,6389,383

2007,758

44,63983,063

3%8%

¥2,500/0.5t/year(Vehicles for private use)

Based on engine capacity(e.g., for 1,001≤1,500cc passenger cars, ¥34,500/year; see below)

¥10,800/year (Passenger cars for private use)

¥24.3/ ¥4.4/

¥15.0/ ¥17.5/kg

8%

3% (Excluding commercial/mini-vehicles)

¥4,100/0.5t/year(Vehicles for private use)

¥48.6/ ¥5.2/

¥32.1/

Current Tax Rate

1.0

1.6

2.01.22.1

Comparison withBase Tax Rate

(multiplier value)Taxes on Automobiles

Taxes on Fuels

Grand Total

Tax Revenue

(x 100 million yen)

Base Tax Rate(for reference)

Base tax rate

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Seventh

Eighth NinthTenthEleventhTwelfthAs per the national priority infrastructure development planAs per the national medium-term road infrastructure plan———

Assessed on gasoline

Included in the fuel price National tax

¥48.6/

Note: For eco-friendly new mini-vehicles (cars and trucks) purchased in fiscal 2015, reductions apply to the mini-vehicle tax in fiscal 2016 (see page 50).

*The base tonnage tax rate (¥2,500/0.5t/year) is applied only to eco-friendly vehicles and new passenger cars and small trucks and buses (GVW≤2.5t) complying with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards.

On acquisitionDuring ownership

While in use

43

Taxes Tax Incentive Measures for Eco-Friendly VehiclesAutomobiles and Society

Tax Incentives to Promote the Wider Use of Eco-Friendly VehiclesTo help expedite the shift to low-carbon road transport in the interest of curbing global warming, the Japanese government has, since April 2009, applied auto-related tax incentives to promote the wider use of eco-friendly vehicles. A new package of incentives, introduced for application beginning in April 2015, updates vehicle eligibility requirements in line with upgraded fuel efficiency standards.

INCENTIVES & ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW VEHICLES

ACQUISITION AND TONNAGE TAX REDUCTIONS/EXEMPTIONSPeriod in effect: April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2017 for the acquisition tax; May 1, 2015 through April 30, 2017 for the tonnage tax.

(1) Passenger cars complying with 2009 emission standards. (2) With NOx emissions down by 10% from 2009 emission standards. (3) Acquisition tax reductions/exemptions are applied once, at the time of new vehicle purchase during the period in which these reductions/exemptions are in effect. (4) Tonnage tax reductions are applied once, at the time of new vehicle purchase during the period in which these reductions/exemptions are in effect. Note: In addition to the tonnage tax reductions/exemptions for passenger cars and small trucks and buses (GVW≤2.5t) listed here, new passenger cars and small trucks and buses (GVW≤2.5t) complying with 2015 fuel efficiency standards and with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards benefit from the application of the base tonnage tax rate (see pages 46-47).

Tonnage Tax (4)

Reductions/ExemptionsVehicle Type

AcquisitionTax (3)

Certification Sticker(s)Requirements

Compliant +20% with 2020 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards


Compliant with 2020 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards



Exempt at time of 1st and 2nd vehicle inspection


75% reduction

50% reduction

25% reduction

Exempt

Exempt

80% reduction

60% reduction

40% reduction

20% reduction

Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, Clean Diesel Vehicles (1), Natural Gas Vehicles (2)

Gasoline Vehicles (including hybrid vehicles)

Passenger Cars








75% reduction

50% reduction

25% reduction

Exempt

Exempt

80% reduction

60% reduction

40% reduction

20% reduction

Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, Natural Gas Vehicles (2)

Gasoline Vehicles (including hybrid vehicles)

Small Trucks and Buses (GVW 2.5t)

44

Compliant +15% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with NOx and PM emissions down by 10% from 2009 standards


Compliant +15% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, and compliant with 2009 emission standards



Compliant with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with NOx and PM emissions down by 10% from 2009 standards











75% reduction

75% reduction

50% reduction

50% reduction

25% reduction

25% reduction


75% reduction

75% reduction

50% reduction

50% reduction

25% reduction

25% reduction

Exempt

Exempt

80% reduction

80% reduction

60% reduction

60% reduction

40% reduction

40% reduction

Exempt

80% reduction

80% reduction

60% reduction

60% reduction

40% reduction

40% reduction

Tonnage Tax (4)

Reductions/ExemptionsVehicle Type

Mid-Sized Trucks and Buses (2.5t GVW 3.5t)


Compliant +10% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with NOx and PM emissions down by 10% from 2009 standards Compliant +15% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, and compliant with 2009 emission standards



Compliant with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with NOx and PM emissions down by 10% from 2009 standards




75% reduction

75% reduction

50% reduction

50% reduction

25% reduction

25% reduction

Exempt

Exempt

80% reduction

80% reduction

60% reduction

60% reduction

40% reduction

40% reduction


DieselVehicles(includinghybridvehicles)

Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses (GVW 3.5t)

AcquisitionTax (3)

Certification Sticker(s)Requirements


Diesel Vehicles (including hybrid vehicles)

GasolineVehicles(includinghybridvehicles)

45

Taxes Tax Incentive Measures for Eco-Friendly VehiclesAutomobiles and Society

ACQUISITION AND TONNAGE TAX REDUCTIONS/EXEMPTIONS FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH ADVANCED SAFETY FEATURES AND PUBLIC-USE ASSISTED-MOBILITY VEHICLESPeriod in effect: April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2017 for the acquisition tax; May 1, 2015 through April 30, 2018 for the tonnage tax.

Low-floor (“non-step”) buses (for use in public transport)

Buses equipped with an electric lift (for use in public transport)

Universal design-based taxis (for use in public transport)

Equipped with either of the two systems

Equipped with both systems

¥3.5 million deduction from purchase price (1), (2)

¥5.25 million deduction from purchase price (1), (2)

¥10 million deduction from purchase price (2)

For large buses (occupancy≥30 persons), ¥6.5 million deduction from purchase price (2)

For small buses (occupancy<30 persons), ¥2 million deduction from purchase price (2)

¥1.0 million deduction from purchase price (2)

50% reduction (1), (3)

75% reduction (1), (3)

Exempt (3)

Exempt (3)

Exempt (3)

Vehicle Type

Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, Clean Diesel Vehicles (1), Natural Gas Vehicles (2)

Compliant +20% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards (also, compliant with 2020 fuel efficiency standards)


75% reduction approximately (3)


Reduction

Acquisition Tax

Reductions/Exemptions

Tonnage Tax

Trucks (3.5t GVW 22t) and Buses (GVW 12t, for seated passengers only)equipped with a collision-mitigation braking system and/or an electronic stability control system

Assisted-MobilityVehicles

(1) For large trucks (20t<GVW≤22t) equipped with only one of the systems, period in effect: April 1, 2015 through October 31, 2016. Thereafter, only those equipped with both systems will be eligible for incentives (specifically, an acquisition tax incentive of a ¥3.5 million deduction from vehicle purchase price and a tonnage tax incentive of a 50% reduction from the applicable tonnage tax rate). Eligibility for small buses (GVW≤5t, for seated passengers only) requires that they be equipped with a collision-mitigation braking system. (2) Deductions are applied once, at the time of first registration. (3) Tonnage tax reductions/exemptions are applied once, at the time of new vehicle purchase during the period in which these reductions/exemptions are in effect. Notes: 1. The acquisition tax is assessed on the amount remaining after deduction. 2. The above tonnage tax reductions/exemptions do not apply to vehicles targeted by this scheme that are eligible for the tonnage tax reductions/exemptions prescribed for eco-friendly vehicles (see pages 48 and 49), to which the latter measures only are applied. Regarding the acquisition tax, owners of vehicles covered under this scheme can opt either for the deductions indicated here or for the acquisition tax reductions/exemptions prescribed for eco-friendly vehicles (see pages 48 and 49).

FISCAL 2014-2015 AUTOMOBILE TAX REDUCTIONS FOR PASSENGER CARS AND SMALL TRUCKS AND BUSES (GVW 2.5t) *

Requirements

*Also applies to trucks and buses (2.5t<GVW>3.5t, gasoline vehicles only) certified as fuel-efficient and low-emission vehicles.(1) Only passenger cars complying with 2009 emission standards. (2) With NOx emissions down by 10% from 2009 emission standards. (3) For eligible vehicles newly registered in 2014 and 2015, the one-time-only automobile tax reduction is applied in the fiscal year subsequent to the year of registration.Note: This scheme also mandates a yearly 15% (10% for trucks and buses) surcharge on the automobile tax for gasoline and LPG-powered vehicles on the road 13 years or longer, and for diesel vehicles on the road 11 years or longer, since first registration.

Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Natural Gas Vehicles (1)



Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Vehicles, Natural Gas Vehicles (1)









Reduction

FISCAL 2015 MINI-VEHICLE TAX REDUCTIONS (Minicars and Mini-Trucks) *

Requirements

*Applies only to newly registered three- or four-wheeled mini-vehicles.(1) With NOx emissions down by 10% from 2009 emission standards. (2) Reductions to be applied in fiscal 2016 for new vehicles purchased in fiscal 2015.Note: This scheme also mandates a yearly 20% surcharge on the mini-vehicle tax for mini-vehicles (excluding electric vehicles) on the road 13 years or longer since first registration.

Minicars

Mini-Trucks

46

Compliant +20% with 2020 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards (2)


Compliant with 2020 fuel efficiency standards, with emissions down by 75% from 2005 standards (2)



¥450,000 deduction from purchase price





IncentiveCertificationStickers

*Also applies to trucks and buses (gasoline vehicles only) and heavy-duty trucks and buses (hybrid vehicles only) certified as fuel-efficient and low-emission vehicles.(1) Applies additionally to electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, clean diesel passenger cars (compliant with 2009 emission standards) and natural gas vehicles (with NOx emissions down by 10% from 2009 emission standards). (2) Fuel consumption and exhaust emission requirements are JC08 test cycle-based, with “Compliant +20% with 2020 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +10% with 2020 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant with 2020 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +25% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +20% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +15% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +10% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards,” and “Compliant +5% with 2015 fuel efficiency standards” being equivalent to “Compliant +80% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +65% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +50% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +57% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +50% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +44% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” “Compliant +38% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” and “Compliant +32% with 2010 fuel efficiency standards,” respectively, when measured in the 10 15-mode test cycle.Note: The acquisition tax is assessed on the amount remaining after deduction.

ACQUISITION INCENTIVES FOR PASSENGER CARS AND SMALL TRUCKS AND BUSES (GVW 2.5t) *Period in effect: April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2017.

INCENTIVES & ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR USED VEHICLES

Requirements (1)

Passenger Cars











Small Trucks and Buses (GVW 2.5t)

47

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF AUTOMOBILE-RELATED TAXES

Japan GermanyUK France U.S.A.0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Consumption tax14.4

Acquisition tax 4.9

Tonnage tax 16.0

Automobile tax51.3

Automobile tax27.3

Value added tax34.2

Value added tax36.0

Value added tax36.0

86.6 61.578.4 41.2 18.1

Automobile tax2.1

Registration tax5.2

x 10,000 yen

Yen

TAXES ASSESSED ON PASSENGER CAR OWNERSHIP/USE (PRIVATE) (assuming a 13-year service life)

Retail tax16.0

Assumptions: 1) A passenger car with 1800cc engine capacity and purchase price of ¥1.8 million (retail price, excluding consumption tax). 2) 1t<GVW≤1.5t. 3) Annual fuel consumption: 1,000 liters. 4) Tonnage tax imposed yearly, but collected only at time of mandatory vehicle inspection. 5) Tax amounts reflect rates in effect from April 1, 2015. 6) Consumption tax = 8% of retail price. 7) The recycling fee indicated is the average rate for an 1800cc passenger car.Notes: 1. Estimated highway tolls, mandatory insurance premium payments and recycling fee are included here because they can be considered similar to taxes. (Mandatory insurance premium values indicated effective as of April 1, 2015.) 2. Value of highway tolls was estimated by JAMA based on highway toll revenue in 2013.



Automobile-Related Taxes Are OnerousConsider the case of a passenger car costing 1.8 million yen when purchased new and providing 13 years of service to the original owner for private use. During that period, six different categories of taxes (including consumption tax at the time of vehicle purchase and on fuel) will be assessed on the owner/user, amounting to a grand total of roughly 1.70 million yen. In addition to these various taxes, the user will also be required to pay onerous highway tolls, automobile insurance premiums (mandatory and optional), a recycling fee, periodic inspection fees, and maintenance costs.

Taxes The Burden on Motor Vehicle UsersAutomobiles and Society

Taxe

s o

n a

uto

mo

bile

s

72.2

Consu

mptio

n tax

(on a

utom

obile)

Acquisi

tion ta

xTo

nnage

tax

Auto

mobile

tax

Gasolin

e ta

xReg

ional

gasolin

e ex

cise

tax

Consum

ption ta

x(o

n fuel

) H

ighw

ay to

llsM

andat

oryin

sura

nce

Basel

ine

=

New

veh

icle

purchas

e pric

e

Rec

yclin

g fee

Tota

l

1st year (on acquisition)

2nd to 13th year

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

Assumptions: 1) Engine capacity: 1800cc. 2) 1t<GVW≤1.5t. 3) Purchase price: ¥1.8 million. 4) Fuel consumption (JC08 test cycle-based): 15.3km/ (CO2 emissions: 152g/km). 5) France = Paris; U.S.A. = New York City. 6) France: Vehicle in no. 8 horsepower “class.” 7) Service life: 13 years. 8) Currency exchange rates: EUR 1 = JPY 140, GBP 1 = JPY 181, USD 1 = JPY 111 (averaged April 2014-March 2015).Notes: 1. As shown here, tax amounts other than Japan’s may not be the most current. 2. Does not include applicable incentives/surcharges, if any. 3. Does not include registration fees. 4. Automobile tax on private vehicles (i.e., for personal use only) was abolished in France as of 2000.

Automobile tax42.4

1,800,000

2,278,620(413,220)

513,500(39,500)

631,800(48,600)

67,600(5,200)

135, 200(10,400)

388,700(29,900)

178,320(39,120)

11,000(11,000)

Total

159,900(36,900)

48,600(48,600)

144,000(144,000)

48

Overseas ProductionGlobal Operations

Global Manufacturing Operations Expand Their RangeJapanese automobile manufacturers have continued to develop local production operations, whether as wholly-owned subsidiaries or as joint ventures, in the United States, Europe, Southeast Asia, China and, recently, Russia and other countries with emerging markets. These operations contribute to the strengthening of local economies

EuropeBelgiumCzech RepublicFranceHungaryItalyPolandPortugalRussiaSpainTurkeyUKEurope Total

1234567891011

Motor Vehicles& Motorcycles(incl. parts)

PartsOnly

Motor-cycles

(incl. parts)

MotorVehicles

(incl. parts)

Country/Territory

AfricaEgyptKenyaMauritiusMoroccoNigeriaSouth AfricaTunisiaZimbabweAfrica TotalMiddle EastSaudi ArabiaMiddle East TotalOceaniaAustraliaOceania Total

1213141516171819

20

21

UK11

Belgium1

Turkey10

Russia8

Italy5

Egypt12

Nigeria16

Zimbabwe19 Mauritius14

South Africa17

Tunisia18

Saudi Arabia20

Australia21

Indonesia26

Philippines32

Kazakhstan 27

Malaysia29

Myanmar30

Bangladesh22China24

Taiwan33

India25

Pakistan31

Vietnam35Cambodia23

Thailand34Laos28

Kenya13

Morocco15

Spain9

France3

Portugal7

Czech Republic2Poland6

Hungary4

Country No.(see map)


PartsOnly

Motor-cycles

(incl. parts)

MotorVehicles

(incl. parts)

Country/Territory


-111--2614319

--1-1------2

------------

1---12--1-16

5411-61119

11

11

----2---2

--

--

---------

--

--

---------

--

11

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF JAPANESE AUTOMAKERS’ OVERSEAS PRODUCTION BASES

JAPANESE AUTOMAKERS’ OVERSEAS PRODUCTION BASES: Number of Plants by Country &

49

through employment creation, local parts purchasing and, in many cases, export revenue for the host countries. Locally-produced automobile parts such as engines and transmissions, as well as finished vehicles of some models, are exported to Japan and other destinations.

AsiaBangladeshCambodiaChinaIndiaIndonesiaKazakhstanLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPakistanPhilippinesTaiwanThailandVietnamAsia Total

2223242526272829303132333435

Items Produced

Canada36

U.S.A.37

Mexico42

Venezuela44

Colombia40

Brazil39

Argentina38

Peru43

Ecuador41

North AmericaCanadaU.S.A.North America TotalLatin AmericaArgentinaBrazilColombiaEcuadorMexicoPeruVenezuelaLatin America TotalWorld Total

3637

38394041424344



PartsOnly

Motor-cycles

(incl. parts)

MotorVehicles

(incl. parts)

Country/Territory



PartsOnly

Motor-cycles

(incl. parts)

MotorVehicles

(incl. parts)

Country/Territory


2-

2311121-

1315710148

107

12844-13-2424136

----1----1---24

--

1618--3--4-8141

41317

16136-320184

-11

242-1111152

---

1---1--26

11314

-2-----264

50

Notes: 1. Data in principle is for Japanese-brand vehicles only. 2. Until 1997, data was based on statistics supplied by the national automobile trade associations of respective countries. 3. Mexico is included in Latin America and Turkey in Europe. 4. Data excludes vehicles produced with technical assistance only provided by Japanese automakers. 5.The figures reflect the use of a new method, adopted as of January 2007, for computing overseas unit production.

OVERSEAS PRODUCTION BY JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS


MiddleEast

EuropeEU

North America U.S.A.

Latin America

Africa Oceania TotalAsiaYear

In vehicle units

Overseas Production VolumesGlobal Operations

Overseas Production Benefits Local EconomiesThe global operations of Japanese automobile manufacturers continue to grow, focusing increasingly on on-site manufacturing to meet local needs. Whether as independent operations, joint ventures or technical tie-ups, local manufacturing activities are conducted in numerous countries around the world (see pages 54-55). Overseas production brings significant benefits to local economies and host countries, including employment, industrial development, and technology transfer.

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

208,589

282,912

355,758

456,489

597,402

952,390

1,035,715

1,120,430

1,315,346

1,553,585

1,882,850

1,950,621

2,003,286

1,215,202

1,547,671

1,673,740

1,872,521

2,380,621

3,007,348

3,638,978

3,964,209

4,129,856

4,523,751

4,877,074

5,145,418

7,127,042

7,547,259

8,500,993

9,056,388

9,112,629

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,688

3,493

4,258

5,660

6,000

5,820

10,800

10,500

11,400

3,342

0

0

0

0

0

0

596

44,658

75,163

102,943

132,129

205,005

226,613

285,994

358,601

496,574

502,332

641,573

738,378

814,689

920,985

929,303

953,170

1,032,004

1,153,059

1,338,476

1,454,903

1,545,355

1,702,836

1,976,407

1,876,109

1,228,294

1,356,126

1,410,628

1,484,110

1,537,025

1,654,217

43,175

73,903

100,794

130,326

203,215

223,164

282,278

351,296

472,744

477,728

575,852

650,990

714,699

814,847

835,582

837,679

939,034

1,015,748

1,245,469

1,296,516

1,369,556

1,509,402

1,789,875

1,693,151

1,136,145

1,250,226

1,302,277

1,383,583

1,379,733

1,382,061

296,569

426,087

608,446

723,396

1,040,868

1,570,114

1,684,964

1,853,097

2,030,478

2,346,619

2,595,436

2,641,451

2,664,588

2,674,299

2,797,175

2,991,924

3,061,612

3,375,453

3,487,012

3,840,744

4,080,713

4,001,639

4,049,068

3,576,246

2,687,527

3,390,095

3,068,979

4,253,869

4,540,685

4,785,769

296,569

425,644

592,761

672,766

932,242

1,298,878

1,378,907

1,547,361

1,691,239

1,982,209

2,215,657

2,275,525

2,290,685

2,270,516

2,311,163

2,480,691

2,451,496

2,720,449

2,821,723

3,143,603

3,383,277

3,281,073

3,324,326

2,893,466

2,108,161

2,653,231

2,422,152

3,324,703

3,627,226

3,813,351

90,252

87,115

104,925

125,531

144,811

160,654

169,001

195,161

211,802

197,325

110,660

140,031

190,596

260,131

246,710

387,732

407,887

445,862

457,467

534,863

645,074

745,827

895,099

920,738

790,794

982,342

1,029,511

1,234,584

1,284,187

1,591,042

99,500

119,000

134,000

145,000

184,500

186,000

172,000

167,500

179,000

168,000

226,000

195,674

182,218

144,181

130,216

146,435

162,825

155,973

162,969

191,537

225,725

259,050

252,332

257,646

168,651

206,476

233,709

248,711

232,191

241,841

151,574

133,109

127,003

152,334

166,541

169,169

134,051

109,276

106,754

128,213

102,961

118,097

136,107

150,685

125,575

130,933

137,084

135,498

148,471

125,726

134,581

121,635

159,710

143,741

96,836

119,473

93,675

101,381

106,278

90,125

891,142

1,123,386

1,433,075

1,734,879

2,339,127

3,264,940

3,481,725

3,804,065

4,339,954

4,896,074

5,559,480

5,784,252

5,991,484

5,371,171

5,780,143

6,288,192

6,679,593

7,652,466

8,607,563

9,797,551

10,606,157

10,972,243

11,859,709

11,651,554

10,117,520

13,181,554

13,383,761

15,823,648

16,756,754

17,476,219

51

At March 31, 2015

Yamaha

Toyota

Suzuki

Nissan

Mazda

NMKV

Daihatsu

Mitsubishi

MitsubishiFuso

HinoFuji HeavyIndustries

UD Trucks

Isuzu

Note: In principle, the tie-ups shown above cover only technical cooperation related to motor vehicle production and exclude sales tie-ups.Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

50%equity stake

16.48% equity stake;Supply of finished

vehicles

Technical cooperationCollaborative developmentof a compact FR sports car

Technicalcooperation

Mutual capital participation

Jointventurein bus

business

Supply offinishedvehicles

Supply ofCVs

Supply offinishedvehicles5.89% equity stake

Supply ofCVs

Mutual supplyof CVs

50%equity stake

50.1% equity stake

Supply of CVs

Supply of CVs

Supply offinished vehicles


3.58%equity stake

andbusiness tie-up

Mutual supplyof finished

vehicles


vehicles


vehicles

Supply ofCVs

Japan

Global Industry TiesGlobal Operations

Japanese Automakers Forge Extensive International AlliancesWith economic globalization, Japanese automobile manufacturers have rapidly adapted to the needs of individual markets, not only by shifting production to those markets but also by forging extensive alliances with overseas manufacturers. Various forms of partnership currently exist between Japanese, U.S. and European automakers—including capital and technical tie-ups, joint R&D and production operations, and cooperative sales ties—and such arrangements are expanding yearly. With the rapid spread of motorization in China and Southeast Asia, Japanese automakers are actively building relationships with local manufacturers there on the basis of capital tie-ups and the supply of production as well as environment- and safety-related technologies.


51.19%equity stake

Supply of hybrid technologies under licence

52

Mazda

Alliance RostecAuto BV

FordGeneralMotors

Isuzu

Honda

FC Co-Development

TeslaMotors, Inc.�

EV-developmentBusiness tie-up

Japan U.S.A.

Japan EuropeMitsubishi

Fuso

Volvo(Sweden)

100% equity stake

Supply ofdiesel engines


50% equity stake

UD Trucks Suzuki

Nissan Renault(France)

Daimler AG(Germany)


in Europe

Environmentaltechnologiescollaboration

3.1%equitystake

1.55%equitystake

3.1%equitystake

1.55%equitystake


in Europe

Toyota

Fiat(Italy)

Toyota Peugeot CitroënAutomobile Czech (TPCA)

(Czech Republic)

15%equitystake

43.4%equitystake

Global Industry TiesGlobal Operations

MitsubishiPSA Peugeot

Citroën(France)

Porsche(Germany)

Fuji HeavyIndustries

Cooperative salesties on

Japanese market

BMW(Germany)

50%equitystake

89.29% equitystake

67.13%equitystake


in Europe

GM Japan100%equitystake

Toyota

2.1% equity stake

53

At March 31, 2015

GAC MitsubishiMotors Co., Ltd.

Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor

Co., Ltd.

Chongqing ChanganAutomobile Co., Ltd.

Toyota

Mitsubishi

Japan China

Tianjin FAWToyota Motor

Co., Ltd.

Mazda

50% equitystake

10% equitystake

41% equitystake

25% equity stake30% equity stakeProduction ofVitz, Belta and Platz

50% equity stake

40% equitystake;

Productionof Vios, Corolla,

Crown, Reizand Corolla EX

50% equity stake;Production of

Coaster, Land Cruiser,Prado, Prius and RAV4

50%equitystake

20%equitystake

25%equitystake

50%equitystake

Changang MazdaAutomobile

Co., Ltd.

Tianjin FAW XialiAutomobile

Co., Ltd.

GACToyota Motor

Co., Ltd.�

FAW GroupCorporation

50% equity stake;Production of Alto, Cultus, Swift,

SX4, SX4 S-CROSS and Alivio

46% equity stake; Production of

WagonR Wide, Liana,Landy and Splash

FAW Cars Co., Ltd.

Southeast (Fujian)Motor Co., Ltd.

Changan FordMazda Engine

Co., Ltd.

Ford

GuangzhouAutomobile Group

Co., Ltd.

ShanghaiElectric Group

Corp.

Guangqi HinoMotors Co., Ltd.Hino

ShanghaiHino Engine

Co., Ltd.

Dongfeng HondaAutomobile

Co., Ltd.

HondaAutomobile

(China) Co., Ltd.

Dongfeng MotorCo., Ltd.

Dongvo TruckCo., Ltd.

Dongfeng MotorGroup Co., Ltd.

Zhengzhou NissanAutomobile

Co., Ltd. Nissan

UD Trucks50%equitystake

50%equitystake

20%equitystake

50%equitystake

50% equity stake25% equity stake

30% equity stake 50% equity stake

50%equitystake

50%equitystake

10%equitystake

50%equitystake

50% equity stake; Production of CR-V

and Civic

50%equitystake

Guangqi HondaAutomobile

Co., Ltd.Honda

Qingling MotorsCo., Ltd.

Jiangling MotorsGroup

Co., Ltd.

Qingling MotorsGroup

Co., Ltd.

Jiangxi-IsuzuMotorsCo., Ltd.

Jiangxi ChangheAutomobile

Co., Ltd.

ChanganAutomobile

Liability Co., Ltd.

Chongqing ChanganSuzuki Automobile

Co., Ltd.

Jiangxi ChangheSuzuki Automobile

Co., Ltd.

Suzuki

51% equity stake 50% equity stake

33% equity stake;Production and sales of ASX,

Pajero and Pajero Sport

20% equity stake; Production of

Elf and Forward50%

equity stake

Isuzu

25% equity stake;Production and sales of Lancer,

Zinger and Galant

50% equitystake;

Productionof NV200

and Paladin

65% equity stake;Production of

Accord toCIS, Middle East

and Africa

50% equitystake;

Productionof Accord,Odyssey,

City and Fit

30.5% equity stake;Production of Camry,Camry Hybrid, Yaris,E’Z and Highlander

50%equitystake

Production outsourcing ofMazda 6 and Mazda 8

47.73%equitystake

54

MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION EXCLUDING MOTORCYCLES (MAJOR PRODUCING COUNTRIES) x 10,000 units

Russia

0 600

223

218

189

Germany

0 600

565

572

591

China

0 2,400

1,927

2,212

2,372

UK

0 600

Canada

0 600

246

238

239

Mexico

0 600

Brazil

0 600

340

371

315

Australia

0 600

23

22

180 600

243

246

188

158

160

160

France

0 600

197

174

182

Spain

0 600

198

216

240

South Africa

0 600

54

55

57

Thailand

India

0 600

South Korea

0 600

456

452

452

Italy

0 600

67

66

70

U.S.A.

0 1,200

1,034

1,107

1,166

Japan

0 1,000

Motor Vehicle Production Increases Worldwide Except in Latin AmericaIn 2014 worldwide motor vehicle production (excluding motorcycles) grew 3.6% from the previous year to a total of 89.75 million units. By region, production increased in Africa (up 11.3% to 708,000 units), North America (up 4.5% to 14.05 million units), Asia-Oceania (up 3.4% to 47.37 million units), and Europe (up 2.3% to 20.38 million units), but decreased in Latin America (down 5.9% to 7.23 million units).

Global Production (Including Motorcycles)Motor Vehicles Worldwide

AustriaCzech RepublicFranceGermanyItalySpainUKBrazilChinaIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesTaiwanThailand

2011Country/Territory Mopeds Motorcycles Total

2012Mopeds Motorcycles Total

GLOBAL MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION (BY COUNTRY/TERRITORY)

Note: “—” means data is not available at the end of March 2015.

In vehicle units

Sources: Motorcycle manufacturers’ associations of individual countries, etc.

2013Mopeds Motorcycles Total

300

305

337

417

390

384

994

963

977

—39—————————0

—————

—1,116

——————

24,654,624——

639,187—————

48,7101,155

74,359110,084414,00095,39923,886

2,136,89127,005,22415,427,5328,006,293

639,187498,076865,812762,947

1,207,4282,043,039

—22—————0

———0

—————

—2,297

—————

1,690,18721,316,197

——

595,473—————

76,5752,319

56,963101,690330,000

44,01920,590

1,690,18723,629,79115,744,156

7,079,721595,473543,088824,245587,981

1,076,3172,606,161

—26—————0

———0

—————

—1,328

—————

1,673,47720,467,563

——

563,309—————

—1,354

—————

1,673,47722,891,72316,879,8917,780,295

563,309—

794,763729,480

—2,218,625

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

12

13

14

55

AustriaBelgiumFinlandFranceGermanyItalyNetherlandsPortugalSpainSwedenUKCzech RepublicHungaryPolandRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaDouble Countings Germany/BelgiumDouble Countings Germany/ItalyDouble Countings Portugal/JapanEuropean Union (EU27)TurkeySerbiaRussiaBelarusUkraineUzbekistanDouble Countings Ukraine/WorldOtherCISEuropeCanadaU.S.A.North AmericaMexicoArgentinaBrazilVenezuelaDouble Countings Venezuela/WorldOtherLatin AmericaNorth and Latin AmericaAustraliaChinaIndiaIndonesiaIranJapanMalaysiaPakistanPhilippinesSouth KoreaTaiwanThailandVietnamDouble Countings China/WorldAsia-OceaniaEgyptMoroccoSouth AfricaDouble Countings Egypt/WorldDouble Countings South Africa/WorldOtherAfricaGrand Totals

2013Country/Region/

Territory

123,602504,616

8,6001,682,8145,388,459

396,81724,895

115,7351,539,680

162,8141,464,9061,171,774

215,440539,671326,556926,555126,836-76,420-5,400

014,637,950

577,29610,227

1,970,0870

69,687144,980

00

2,184,75417,410,2271,040,2984,109,0135,149,3111,810,007

497,3762,589,236

67,226-55,80070,686

4,978,73110,128,042

189,94915,523,6583,296,240

745,144856,927

8,554,503509,621137,42446,390

4,167,089278,043945,10038,900

-127,61035,161,378

36,880103,364274,873-11,660-22,080

0381,377

63,081,024

Passenger Cars

19,48734,232

88284,951260,801274,95130,74447,826

439,4990

112,0397,2212,400

115,08511,209

04,113

00

-7,0711,637,575

495,682805

263,01630,6106,594

19,20000

319,4202,453,4821,423,0666,226,7527,649,8181,191,807

267,119813,27236,857

-21,64024,322

2,311,7379,961,555

36,5533,748,150

878,473307,751143,162

1,388,57459,99922,1758,970

394,67760,995

1,484,0421,570

08,535,091

19,6005,379

264,551-6,140

-84,1405,769

205,01921,155,147

Trucks& Buses

143,089538,848

8,6881,967,7655,649,260

671,76855,639

163,5611,979,179

162,8141,576,9451,178,995

217,840654,756337,765926,555130,949-76,420-5,400-7,071

16,275,5251,072,978

11,0322,233,103

30,61076,281

164,18000

2,504,17419,863,7092,463,364

10,335,76512,799,1293,001,814

764,4953,402,508

104,083-77,44095,008

7,290,46820,089,597

226,50219,271,8084,174,7131,052,8951,000,0899,943,077

569,620159,59955,360

4,561,766339,038

2,429,14240,470

-127,61043,696,469

56,480108,743539,424-17,800

-106,2205,769

586,39684,236,171

Total

2014

Passenger Cars

Trucks& Buses

Total

2012

Passenger Cars

Trucks& Buses

Total

GLOBAL MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION (BY COUNTRY/REGION/TERRITORY)

Sources: International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA); for Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationNotes: 1. Includes preliminary figures. 2. Some EU countries do not release truck and bus production data.

In vehicle units

146,566465,504

7,6001,458,0005,439,904

388,4650

109,6981,754,668

161,0801,509,7621,128,473

220,000475,000410,959975,000

89,395-72,400

-5,3000

14,662,374633,604

10,1001,919,599

2,55345,758

246,6410

37,4692,252,020

17,558,098965,191

4,368,8355,334,0261,771,987

506,5392,722,979

45,986-29,59074,900

5,092,80110,426,827

170,80818,084,169

3,155,694924,753630,597

8,189,323543,892121,234

48,5604,122,604

291,0371,071,076

38,900-148,710

37,243,93725,650

146,842265,257

-8,110-20,050

0409,589

65,638,451

19,86238,000

103282,000278,318269,741

29,18344,318

408,6700

88,1104,4582,400

115,15938

04,339

00

-6,0841,578,615

491,930805

264,66720,373

4,69100

3,442293,173

2,364,5231,414,6436,697,5978,112,2401,282,862

284,468989,401

25,767-14,60024,322

2,592,22010,704,460

45,1184,032,656

742,731281,615113,050

1,440,85857,51520,911

3,700398,825

47,6831,385,981

2,0200

8,572,66313,40020,610

280,656-4,100

-89,4055,769

226,93021,868,576

166,428503,504

7,7031,740,0005,718,222

658,20629,183

154,0162,163,338

161,0801,597,8721,132,931

222,400590,159410,997975,000

93,734-72,400

-5,300-6,084

16,240,9891,125,534

10,9052,184,266

22,92650,449

246,6410

40,9112,545,193

19,922,6212,379,834

11,066,43213,446,266

3,054,849791,007

3,712,38071,753

-44,19099,222

7,685,02121,131,287

215,92622,116,825

3,898,4251,206,368

743,6479,630,181

601,407142,145

52,2604,521,429

338,7202,457,057

40,920-148,710

45,816,60039,050

167,452545,913-12,210

-109,4555,769

636,51987,507,027

136,000481,637

45,0001,495,0005,604,026

401,3170

117,7441,898,342

154,1731,528,1481,246,506

224,630473,000391,422993,000118,533-73,020

-5,4800

15,229,978733,439

9,9801,683,677

9,35025,941

245,6600

37,1572,001,785

17,975,182913,533

4,253,0985,166,6311,915,709

363,7112,314,789

11,039-7,08069,000

4,667,1689,833,799

145,60719,919,795

3,158,2151,011,260

925,9758,277,070

547,150123,900

55,5004,124,116

332,629742,678

38,900-163,800

39,238,99517,830

209,999277,491

-5,640-22,310

0477,370

67,525,346

18,34035,195

35322,000303,522296,547

29,80743,765

504,6360

70,7314,7142,400

120,90400

5800

-5,7491,746,905

437,006695

202,96913,640

2,81000

3,252222,671

2,407,2771,480,3577,407,6018,887,9581,449,597

253,618831,329

8,720-4,82024,322

2,562,76611,450,724

34,7043,803,095

681,945287,263164,871

1,497,48849,45022,230

4,720400,816

46,5941,137,329

2,6000

8,133,1059,190

21,987288,592

-2,730-91,830

5,769230,978

22,222,084

154,340516,83245,035

1,817,0005,907,548

697,86429,807

161,5092,402,978

154,1731,598,8791,251,220

227,030593,904391,422993,000118,591-73,020-5,480-5,749

16,976,8831,170,445

10,6751,886,646

22,99028,751

245,6600

40,4092,224,456

20,382,4592,393,890

11,660,69914,054,589

3,365,306617,329

3,146,11819,759

-11,90093,322

7,229,93421,284,523

180,31123,722,8903,840,1601,298,5231,090,8469,774,558

596,600146,13060,220

4,524,932379,223

1,880,00741,500

-163,80047,372,100

27,020231,986566,083

-8,370-114,140

5,769708,348

89,747,430

56

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 8000 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

0 800

U.S.A.

0 1,600

1,304

1,479

1,588

Canada

0 800

162

172

178

Mexico

0 800

91

102

110

Germany

0 800

351

339

326

Netherlands

UK

0 800

225

233

260

France

0 800

269

233

221

Spain

0 800

93

79

82

Brazil

0 800

0 800

63

57

48

Sweden

0 800

Japan

0 800

421

537

538

36

33

31

South Africa

0 800

57

62

65

Australia

0 800

101

111

114

Italy

0 800

194

155

142

x 10,000 units

NEW REGISTRATIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES EXCLUDING MOTORCYCLES (SELECTED COUNTRIES)

Russia

0 800

China

0 2,200

1,851

1,931

2,198

India

0 800

329

360

324

South Korea

0 800

158

157

156

Motor Vehicle Sales Rise in Argentina, China, Portugal, the UK, Indonesia, Turkey, the U.S.A., and Elsewhere

In 2013 overall new motor vehicle registrations (excluding motorcycles) increased 4.0% over the previous year to a global total of 85.48 million units. Vehicle sales rose in Argentina (up 16.1% to 964,000 units), China (up 13.9% to 21.98 million units), Portugal (up 11.7% to 127,000 units), the United Kingdom (up 11.2% to 2.60 million units), Indonesia (up 10.2% to 1.23 million units), Turkey (up 9.2% to 893,000 units), the United States (up 7.4% to 15.88 million units), and Mexico (up 7.4% to 1.1 million units). On the other hand, new registrations dropped from the previous year in the Netherlands (down 15.9% to 481,000 units), India (down 9.9% to 3.24 million units), and Italy (down 8.1% to 1.42 million units).

New RegistrationsMotor Vehicles Worldwide

363

380

377

290

314

300

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

57

Austria

Belgium

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Italy

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

UK

Russia

Switzerland

Turkey

Canada

U.S.A.

Mexico

Brazil

Argentina

Venezuela

China

India

Japan

South Korea

Malaysia

Indonesia

Thailand

Australia

Egypt

South Africa

Other

Grand Totals

Country2011

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles

Total

2012

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles

Total

2013

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles

Total

NEW REGISTRATIONS OF PASSENGER CARS AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (BY COUNTRY)In vehicle units

Sources: Automobile manufacturers’ associations of individual countries; for Japan, Japan Automobile Dealers Association; Japan Mini Vehicles Association; Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

356,145

572,211

173,595

170,036

126,123

2,204,229

3,173,634

97,680

45,094

1,749,740

555,812

277,427

153,404

81,709

68,203

808,051

304,984

1,941,253

2,653,688

318,958

593,519

681,956

6,089,403

592,101

2,647,245

626,037

65,339

14,472,416

2,510,313

3,524,788

1,316,320

535,113

602,291

390,000

559,314

210,300

396,292

5,613,702

57,258,425

40,510

71,300

21,350

28,482

18,302

482,823

334,820

7,002

15,899

193,209

71,945

59,799

37,958

13,799

9,701

123,353

54,082

308,230

247,924

36,298

270,920

938,265

6,951,210

313,785

986,003

220,814

55,350

4,032,698

777,424

685,431

263,000

65,010

291,873

400,000

449,123

61,600

175,949

1,553,275

20,668,516

396,655

643,511

194,945

198,518

144,425

2,687,052

3,508,454

104,682

60,993

1,942,949

627,757

337,226

191,362

95,508

77,904

931,404

359,066

2,249,483

2,901,612

355,256

864,439

1,620,221

13,040,613

905,886

3,633,248

846,851

120,689

18,505,114

3,287,737

4,210,219

1,579,320

600,123

894,164

790,000

1,008,437

271,900

572,241

7,166,977

77,926,941

336,010

486,737

174,009

170,763

111,251

1,898,760

3,082,504

58,482

53,059

1,403,010

502,544

272,719

95,309

66,436

69,268

699,589

279,899

2,044,609

2,755,384

328,139

556,280

748,530

7,241,900

649,333

2,851,540

596,397

60,776

15,495,240

2,781,919

4,572,332

1,325,229

552,189

780,785

660,214

576,855

222,700

440,002

5,474,889

60,475,591

38,819

63,782

19,786

28,384

15,254

432,971

311,498

4,036

15,109

142,754

69,349

57,080

18,126

14,287

8,921

91,402

46,542

289,154

386,167

38,134

261,340

967,648

7,544,036

375,241

950,531

233,661

69,777

3,811,195

813,589

797,388

240,035

75,564

335,445

763,366

535,177

63,600

183,919

1,610,902

21,723,969

374,829

550,519

193,795

199,147

126,505

2,331,731

3,394,002

62,518

68,168

1,545,764

571,893

329,799

113,435

80,723

78,189

790,991

326,441

2,333,763

3,141,551

366,273

817,620

1,716,178

14,785,936

1,024,574

3,802,071

830,058

130,553

19,306,435

3,595,508

5,369,720

1,565,264

627,753

1,116,230

1,423,580

1,112,032

286,300

623,921

7,085,791

82,199,560

319,035

486,065

164,736

182,086

103,455

1,790,456

2,952,431

58,694

56,139

1,304,648

416,717

289,913

105,921

57,710

66,000

722,689

269,599

2,264,737

2,649,181

307,885

664,655

755,615

7,585,341

698,217

2,763,718

684,379

43,887

17,927,730

2,553,979

4,562,282

1,305,570

576,657

880,032

663,746

566,454

220,000

450,561

5,285,592

62,756,512

38,857

61,074

21,203

28,753

13,913

416,917

305,287

3,876

16,836

116,166

64,399

63,284

20,768

13,306

9,206

100,261

43,468

330,976

349,469

35,833

228,469

1,024,908

8,298,102

402,325

1,003,652

279,538

54,991

4,056,349

687,323

813,231

250,516

79,136

349,779

666,926

569,773

63,000

200,184

1,636,251

22,718,305

357,892

547,139

185,939

210,839

117,368

2,207,373

3,257,718

62,570

72,975

1,420,814

481,116

353,197

126,689

71,016

75,206

822,950

313,067

2,595,713

2,998,650

343,718

893,124

1,780,523

15,883,443

1,100,542

3,767,370

963,917

98,878

21,984,079

3,241,302

5,375,513

1,556,086

655,793

1,229,811

1,330,672

1,136,227

283,000

650,745

6,921,843

85,474,817

58

In vehicle units

MOTOR VEHICLE DENSITY: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS (at end of 2013)

MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE WORLDWIDE (at end of 2013)

Sources: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; Ward’s, etc.;for population data, OECD, UN

CountryNo. of Motor Vehicles per 1,000 Inhabitants

Total Motor VehiclesPassenger Cars

No. of Persons per Motor Vehicle(No. of Persons per Passenger Car) 43,851,230

36,963,00031,650,00031,917,88522,024,5388,153,8975,439,2954,641,3084,502,320

19,389,0004,320,8859,283,923

39,320,000120,213,97321,261,66024,286,3549,452,000

31,339,00060,035,29755,930,00015,078,34421,551,0007,109,000

11,484,51413,000,0216,376,733

137,684,460796,259,637

Passenger Cars

GermanyItalyFranceUKSpainNetherlandsBelgiumAustriaSwedenPolandSwitzerlandTurkeyRussiaU.S.A.CanadaMexicoArgentinaBrazilJapanChinaSouth KoreaIndiaThailandIndonesiaAustraliaSouth AfricaOtherGrand Totals

Country

47,014,69941,830,00038,200,00036,282,60327,154,5389,206,5956,298,0575,075,6395,082,454

22,734,0004,752,397

13,614,65647,220,000

252,714,69622,333,79434,379,55512,493,00039,695,00076,619,066

119,510,00019,400,86432,499,00013,922,00019,386,31716,381,7639,299,367

180,218,6771,153,318,737

3,163,4694,867,0006,550,0004,364,7185,130,0001,052,698

858,762434,331580,134

3,345,000431,512

4,330,7337,900,000

132,500,7231,072,134

10,093,2013,041,0008,356,000

16,583,76963,580,0004,322,520

10,948,0006,813,0007,901,8033,381,7422,922,634

42,534,217357,059,100

TotalCommercial Vehicles

U.S.A.

Australia

Italy

Canada

Japan

Austria

France

Switzerland

Spain

UK

Germany

Belgium

World Average

1.3(2.6)1.4(1.8)1.5(1.6)1.6(1.7)1.7(2.1)1.7(1.8)1.7(2.0)1.7(1.9)1.7(2.1)1.7(2.0)1.7(1.9)1.8(2.1)6.2(9.0)

799

708

689

635

602

599

594

587

583

580

573

563

380

562

609

605

472

548

492

533

473

510

534

487

Sources: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; Ward’s, etc.

Sources: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism;Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;Federation of Asian Motorcycle Industries (FAMI);

European Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers (ACEM), etc.

Note: Data for Japan as at March 31.Sources: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism;

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications; Federation of Asian Motorcycle Industries (FAMI);European Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers (ACEM), etc.; for population data, OECD, UN

In vehicle units

MOTORCYCLE DENSITY: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS (No. of Persons per Motorcycle)

8,582,7965,021,9653,089,1251,224,8491,210,729

850,561731,051

2,207,556976,911

3,843,1551,776,4352,657,7228,454,9391,589,708

95,326,13875,980,92711,823,42919,964,99015,139,62810,591,668

4,120,3153,153,201

Total

ItalySpainFranceUKNetherlandsSwitzerlandAustriaPolandCzech RepublicGermanyGreeceTurkeyU.S.A.MexicoChinaIndonesiaJapanThailandTaiwanMalaysiaPhilippinesMyanmar

Country/TerritoryYear

2012201220122012201220122012201220122012201220122012201220132012201320132012201220122012

x 1 person

x 1 person

More than 1.15 Billion Motor Vehicles in Use WorldwideThere were over 1.15 billion motor vehicles (excluding motorcycles) in use worldwide in 2013, equivalent to 161 motor vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants or one vehicle for every 6.2 persons. Meanwhile, the number of motorcycles currently in use around the world is estimated at some 300 million. Motorcycle density in recent years has been particularly high in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, with one motorcycle in use for every three persons; and in Italy, with one in use for every seven persons. In Japan, one motorcycle is in use for every 11 persons.

Motor Vehicles & Motorcycles in Use/Motor Vehicle & Motorcycle DensityMotor Vehicles Worldwide

161111

In vehicle units

MOTORCYCLES IN USE WORLDWIDE

2012

2012

2013

2012

2012

2012

2013

2012

2012

2013

3

3

3

7

9

9

11

12

14

15

Malaysia

Indonesia

Thailand

Italy

Switzerland

Spain

Japan

Austria

Netherlands

China

59

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS (MAJOR EXPORTING COUNTRIES)

JapanU.S.A.GermanyUKFranceItalySpainBrazilSouth KoreaChinaIndia

Country

2011

Passenger Cars

CommercialVehicles

Total

2012

Passenger Cars

CommercialVehicles

3,929,9041,300,0754,518,9731,124,6764,336,759

203,7691,642,578

405,5752,980,659

470,090508,783

534,509427,562197,07769,376

556,356249,039478,490173,153171,049379,71892,258

4,464,4131,727,6374,716,0501,194,0524,893,115

452,8082,121,068

578,7283,151,708

849,808601,041

Total

2013

Passenger Cars

CommercialVehicles

4,198,4941,515,3374,131,2791,211,7663,898,019

174,5141,326,777

308,6933,012,584

587,700559,414

605,097425,622189,548

63,733506,303232,867402,395163,354158,050428,029

80,027

4,803,5911,940,9594,320,8271,275,4994,404,322

407,3811,729,172

472,0473,170,6341,015,729

639,441

4,065,5191,624,2364,197,5161,201,3953,842,199

169,5761,493,731

397,5542,948,352

553,339593,507

609,114467,236207,244

47,910530,355223,657386,243193,794140,931395,210

77,056

4,674,6332,091,4724,404,7601,249,3054,372,554

393,2331,879,974

591,3483,089,283

948,549670,563

Total

MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS (MAJOR EXPORTING COUNTRIES)

Sources: Ward’s, etc.; for Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

Note: “—” means data is not available at the end of March 2015.Sources: Automobile/motorcycle manufacturers’ associations of individual countries; for Japan, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

JapanChinaTaiwanIndonesiaIndia

Country/Territory

2011

MopedsMotorcycles& Scooters

Total

2012


2013


Total

0————

504,98510,555,996

299,866——

504,98510,555,996

299,86630,995

1,975,111

0————

479,1638,707,120

297,275——

479,1638,707,120

297,27577,129

1,956,378

0————

430,8978,982,918

———

430,8978,982,918

339,23827,135

2,083,938

Total

In vehicle units

U.S.A.

0 600

173

194

209

Germany

0 600

472

432

440

UK

0 600

119

128

125

France

0 600

489

440

437

Spain

0 600

212

173

188

Brazil

0 600

58

47

59

South Korea

0 600

315

317

309

Italy

0 600

45

41

39

MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS (MAJOR EXPORTING COUNTRIES/TERRITORY) In vehicle units

Motor Vehicle Exports Increase in Brazil, Spain, the U.S.A., and India

Motor vehicle exports (excluding motorcycles) in 2013 increased over the previous year in Brazil (to 591,000 units, up 25.3%), Spain (to 1.88 million units, up 8.7%), the United States (to 2.09 million units, up 7.8%), and India (to 671,000 units, up 4.9%), but decreased in China (to 949,000 units, down 6.6%) and Italy (to 393,000 units, down 3.5%). Motorcycle exports in 2013 showed a year-on-year rise in Taiwan (to 339,000 units, up 14.1%) and India (to 2.08 million units, up 6.3%), but declined in Indonesia (to 27,000 units, down 64.8%) and Japan (to 431,000 units, down 10.1%).

Exports (Including Motorcycles)Motor Vehicles Worldwide

x 10,000 units

China

0 600

85

102

95

Japan

0 600

446

480

467

India

0 600

60

64

67

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

1311

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

11

12

13

60

CLASSIFICATION UNDER THE ROAD TRAFFIC ACT (for driver’s license issuance)

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTORCYCLES

Note: A motorcycle that exceeds any one of the requisites above is classified in the higher category.Note: A vehicle that exceeds any one of the requisites above is classified in the higher category.

CategorySmall-sized

Mini-sized

Motor-driven cycles Class 2Motor-driven cycles Class 1

Category

Large

Ordinary

Motorized bicycles

Engine CapacityOver400cc51cc to400cc50cc andunder

Engine CapacityOver 250cc

126cc to250cc51cc to125cc50cc andunder

Rated OutputOver 1.0kW

Over 1.0kW

Over 0.6kWto 1.0kW0.6kW andunder

WidthOver 1.3m1.3m and under1.3m and under1.3m and under

HeightOver 2.0m2.0m and under2.0m and under2.0m and under

LengthOver 2.5m2.5m and under2.5m and under2.5m and under

Number Plate Colors

From “1” to “99-99”

Number Assignment Ordinary and large motor vehiclesPrivate use

Commercial business useRental vehicleForeign military vehicle

Private use

Commercial business useRental vehicleForeign military vehicle

Usage Designations

Motor Vehicle Registry Designation: Kanji indicate geographical area of vehicle registration.

Road Vehicles Act Road Traffic Act

Standard

Small

Mini

Over 1.48m to 1.7m

Over 1.7m

Over2m

2m andunder

2m andunder

1.48m and under

Over 3.4m to 4.7m

Over 4.7m

3.4m and under

Over 2,000cc in engine capacity, excluding diesel engines

Over 660cc to 2,000cc in engine capacity, excluding diesel engines

660cc and under in engine capacity

(1) As per a revision to the Road Traffic Act, the middle-category motor vehicle classification went into application in June 2007. (2) Projections on small special-purpose vehicles should not exceed 2.8m. Note: The Road Traffic Act stipulates that the driver of any one-rider, three- or four-wheeled vehicle of up to 50cc in engine capacity, with a legal maximum speed of 50km/h and a maximum load of 30kg, is required to hold an “ordinary motor vehicle” driver’s license.

CLASSIFICATION UNDER THE ROAD VEHICLES ACT (for registration, inspection, etc. )

Large Motor Vehicles

Ordinary Motor Vehicles

Gross vehicle weight: ≥11 tonsPayload: ≥6.5 tons

or Occupancy: ≥30 persons

Gross vehicle weight: <5 tonsPayload: <3 tons

or Occupancy: <11 persons

Special-Purpose Motor Vehicles

Motor vehicles with caterpillar treads such as bulldozers, steamrollers, graders, snowplows, tractors, etc. are classified into two categories: large and small. Small special-purpose motor vehicles are those of up to 15km per hour in maximum speed, up to 4.7m in length, up to 2m in height (2), and up to 1.7m in width.

Middle-Category Motor Vehicles (1)

Gross vehicle weight: 5≤tons<11Payload: 3≤tons<6.5

or Occupancy: 11≤persons<30

Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Mini-vehicles

Hiragana character indicates vehicle usage category: private, commercial business, rental or foreign military vehicle (private or official).

Ordinary and large motor vehiclesPrivate use or rental vehicleCommercial business useMini-vehiclesPrivate use or rental vehicleCommercial business use

Green characters on white backgroundWhite characters on green background

Black characters on yellow backgroundYellow characters on black background

Designated Number CategoriesIndicating Vehicle Type

Ordinary trucksOrdinary busesOrdinary passenger carsThree- or four-wheeled small trucksThree- or four-wheeled small passenger cars and busesSpecial-purpose vehiclesLarge special-purpose vehiclesLarge special-purpose vehicles used as construction machinery

1, 10-19, 100-1992, 20-29, 200-2993, 30-39, 300-3994, 40-49, 400-499 6, 60-69, 600-6995, 50-59, 500-599 7, 70-79, 700-799

8, 80-89, 800-8999, 90-99, 900-999

0, 00-09, 000-099

SIGNIFICANCE OF VEHICLE REGISTRATION DATA & NUMBER PLATE TYPES

Classifications According to the Road Vehicles Act and the Road Traffic Act

Japan classifies motor vehicles according to the provisions of two basic laws: the Road Vehicles Act and the Road Traffic Act. Road Vehicles Act classifications are used for registration statistics, vehicle inspection, and related maintenance and repair. Road Traffic Act classifications determine the different categories of driver’s licenses. Vehicle registration number/character combinations are determined by vehicle type and usage in accordance with Road Vehicles Act designations, and a “vanity plate” system has been introduced nationwide.

Vehicle-Based Systems Motor Vehicle Classification

Large-Sized Number PlatesLarger-than-standard-size plates are issued to vehicles weighing 8 tons or more, with payload of 5 tons or more, or 30-person or more occupancy.Mid-Sized Number PlatesStandard-size plates are issued to standard and small vehicles and mini-vehicles with engine capacity of more than 360cc, whether for private or commercial business use. Small-Sized Number PlatesSmall-size plates are issued to small- and mini-sized motorcycles and mini-vehicles with engine capacity of 360cc or less, excluding those designated with any one of the 40-to-49, 50-to-59 or 80-to-89 number categories.

22cm

44cm

16.5cm

33cm

12.5cm

23cm

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THE JE05 TEST CYCLE FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES (GVW 3.5t)

The JC08 cycle reflects typical real-world driving patterns in congested urban and urban expressway traffic (including idling and frequently-alternating acceleration and deceleration), but, compared to its predecessors, it increases the duration of the test cycle and the variation in driving modes. Measurement is made with both a cold start and a warm start, at a maximum speed of 82km/h.

THE JC08 TEST CYCLE

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Vehicle speed(km/h)

90

1,200Time (sec)

1,800Time (sec)

0 200 400 600 800 1,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Vehicle speed(km/h)

90

The JE05 cycle for heavy-duty vehicles includes idling and frequently-alternating acceleration and deceleration, also reflecting typical driving patterns in today’s congested urban areas, as well as an expressway runnning mode. Engine revolution and torque are predetermined to reach target speed based on test vehicle specifications. Measurement is made on the engine alone, while following the transient driving pattern.

Japan’s Test Cycles for Measuring Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions

The JC08 test cycle is now the only test cycle applied in Japan to measure fuel consumption rates as well as exhaust emissions in non-heavy-duty vehicles, having replaced the 10 15-mode and (less commonly used) 11-mode test cycles. The objective in using the JC08 test cycle is to obtain test results that are as close as possible to actual on-road fuel consumption rates. Certified fuel efficiency values are therefore indicated on the basis of JC08 test cycle results and, for heavy-duty vehicles, on the basis primarily of JE05 test cycle results.

Vehicle-Based Systems Measuring Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions

62

Alternative Systems Expedite CertificationMotor vehicle certification in Japan is based primarily on the Type Approval System, which is applied both to domestic and imported automobiles and covers most mass-produced models. The Preferential Handling Procedure for imported motor vehicles is an alternative procedure which was instituted to expedite the certification of foreign-made vehicles that are imported in limited quantities. The third procedure, the Type Notification System, is mainly applied to large commercial vehicles.

Vehicle-Based Systems Automobile Certification

This certification procedure is applied to domestic and imported mass-produced models. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

(MLIT) inspects a sample vehicle and the quality-control system of the automobile manufacturer concerned, then completes the type approval process

within two months in principle. All finished vehicles that have been granted type approval are then inspected by the manufacturer, eliminating the

need to present them for new vehicle inspection. For imported vehicles, the MLIT not only dispatches officials overseas to conduct certification

inspections but also accepts the test results of designated foreign testing institutes.

THE TYPE APPROVAL SYSTEM

This procedure is applied to models that are imported into Japan in quantities of 5,000 units or less per year. Designed to make the importation of

vehicles simpler and faster, it exempts the applicant from undergoing the sample vehicle inspection that is mandatory under the Type Approval System.

The MLIT inspects only the application documentation and issues a form indicating completion of the procedure within one month.

THE PREFERENTIAL HANDLING PROCEDURE FOR IMPORTED VEHICLES

Increased globalization in the automobile industry worldwide is underscoring the need for the more widespread adoption of reciprocal

recognition systems, under which certification is mutually recognized between importing and exporting countries or regions. Meanwhile, the

UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (also known as WP.29) is making steady progress towards the establishment of

global technical regulations (GTRs) focusing on vehicle safety and environmental standards. In 1998 the Japanese government officially acceded

to the UNECE 1958 Agreement, under which each signatory government reciprocally recognizes certifications of vehicle structure and equipment

issued by all the other signatory countries. It also introduced the Vehicle Equipment Type Approval System, which specifically addresses the

expanding common use of equipment in vehicle manufacturing. This system not only allows equipment and parts that have been certified by

1958 Agreement co-signatory countries to be exempted from undergoing certification procedures in Japan, but furthermore does not require

them to be inspected again if they are used in other models.

RATIONALIZATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE/RECIPROCAL EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVAL SYSTEMS

JAPAN’S RATIONALIZATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE/RECIPROCAL EQUIPMENT TYPE APPROVAL SYSTEMS

Application for vehicle type approval

Equipment type approval by Japanese government

Vehicle type approval

Motor VehicleType Approval System

Reciprocal recognition according to UNECE 1958 Agreement

Equipment type approval by other (national) government

Omission of equipment type approval

Omission of equipment type approval

Vehicle EquipmentType Approval System

Certification in Japan

Certification Overseas

Country X

Country Y

Country Z

Omission of multiple inspections on different vehicle types

Vehicle Type A

Vehicle Type B

Vehicle Type C

Omission of multiple inspections on different vehicle types

63

Vehicle Assembly Plants Parts Plants

Locations of Auto Manufacturing Plants

HokkaidoToyota Motor Hokkaido

MiyagiToyota Motor East Japan (Miyagi-Ohira) Toyota Motor East Japan (Miyagi-Taiwa)

TochigiIsuzu (Tochigi)

Nissan (Tochigi)Honda (Tochigi)

IwateToyota Motor East Japan(Iwate)

SaitamaUD Trucks (Ageo)UD Trucks (Hanyu)Honda (Sayama)Honda (Yorii)Honda (Ogawa)

FukushimaNissan (Iwaki)

IbarakiHino (Koga)

TokyoHino (Hino)Hino (Hamura)

KanagawaIsuzu (Fujisawa)Nissan (Yokohama)Nissan (Oppama)Mitsubishi Fuso (Kawasaki)Mitsubishi Fuso (Nakatsu)

ShizuokaSuzuki (Takatsuka)Suzuki (Iwata)Suzuki (Osuka)Suzuki (Kosai)Suzuki (Sagara)Toyota Motor East Japan (Higashi-Fuji)Toyota Motor East Japan (Suyama)Honda (Hamamatsu)Yamaha (Iwata Main)Yamaha (Iwata South)Yamaha (Hamakita)Yamaha (Nakaze)Yamaha (Fukuroi)Yamaha (Toyooka)Yamaha (Morimachi)

GunmaHino (Nitta)

Fuji Heavy Industries (Main Plant)Fuji Heavy Industries (Yajima)

Fuji Heavy Industries (Ota North)Fuji Heavy Industries (Oizumi)

OsakaDaihatsu (Ikeda)

HyogoKawasaki (Akashi)

KyotoDaihatsu (Kyoto)

Mitsubishi (Kyoto)

ShigaDaihatsu (Shiga)

Mitsubishi (Shiga)

AichiSuzuki (Toyokawa)Toyota (Honsha)Toyota (Motomachi)Toyota (Kamigo)Toyota (Takaoka)Toyota (Miyoshi)Toyota (Tsutsumi)Toyota (Myochi)Toyota (Shimoyama)Toyota (Kinu-Ura)Toyota (Tahara)Toyota (Teiho)Toyota (Hirose)Toyota Auto Body (Fujimatsu)Toyota Auto Body (Yoshiwara)Toyota Auto Body (Kariya)Mitsubishi (Okazaki)

MieHonda (Suzuka)

Toyota Auto Body (Inabe)

GifuPajero Manufacturing (Sakahogi)

OitaDaihatsu Kyushu (Oita)

FukuokaNissan Motor Kyushu (Kanda)Daihatsu Kyushu (Kurume)Toyota Motor Kyushu (Miyata)Toyota Motor Kyushu (Kanda)Toyota Motor Kyushu (Kokura)

KumamotoHonda (Kumamoto)

OkayamaMitsubishi (Mizushima)

HiroshimaMazda (Head Office)

Mazda (Miyoshi)

YamaguchiMazda (Hofu)

At April 1, 2015

64

JAMA Member Manufacturers

Note: Manufacturers are listed in alphabetical order.

Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.

Head Office :1-1 Daihatsu-cho, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8651 Tel: (072) 751-8811Tokyo Branch Office :2-10 Nihonbashi Honcho 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023

http://www.daihatsu.co.jp/

Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.

Head Office :Ebisu Subaru Bldg. 20-8 Ebisu 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8554 Tel: (03) 6447-8000

http://www.fhi.co.jp/

HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.

Head Office :1-1 Minami-Aoyama 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8556Tel: (03) 3423-1111

�http://www.honda.co.jp/

Isuzu Motors Limited

Head Office :26-1 Minami-Oi 6-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8722Tel: (03) 5471-1141

http://www.isuzu.co.jp/world/

MITSUBISHI MOTORS CORPORATION

Head Office :33-8 Shiba 5-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8410 Tel: (03) 3456-1111

http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.jp/http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/jp/

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Kobe Head Office :Kobe Crystal Tower, 1-3 Higashi Kawasaki-cho 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8680 Tel: (078) 371-9530Tokyo Head Office :14-5 Kaigan 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8315 Tel: (03) 3435-2111

http://www.khi.co.jp/

MAZDA MOTOR CORPORATION

Head Office :3-1 Shinchi, Fuchu-cho, Aki-Gun, Hiroshima 730-8670 Tel: (082) 282-1111Tokyo Head Office : NBF Hibiya Bldg. 1-7 Uchisaiwai-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0011Tel: (03) 3508-5031

http://www.mazda.co.jp/

HINO Motors, Ltd.

Head Office :1-1 Hinodai 3-chome, Hino, Tokyo 191-8660 Tel: (042) 586-5111

http://www.hino-global.com

65

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation

Head Office :1-2 Kashimada 1-chome, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-0058Tel: (044) 330-7700

http://www.mitsubishi-fuso.com/

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Global Headquarters : 1-1 Takashima 1-chome, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-8686Tel: (045) 523-5523

http://www.nissan.co.jp/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/

UD Trucks Corporation

Head Office :1-1 Ageo, Saitama 362-8523 Tel: (0120) 67-2301

http://www.udtrucks.co.jp/http://www.udtrucks.com/

YAMAHA MOTOR CO., Ltd.

Head Office :2500 Shingai, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-8501 Tel: (0538) 32-1115Tokyo Office : 1-1 Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005 Tel: (03) 5220-7200

http://global.yamaha-motor.com/

General Motors Japan Ltd.

Head Office :12-8 Higashi-Shinagawa 4-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8687Tel: (03) 6711-5600

http://www.gmjapan.co.jp/

Special Friend:

Suzuki Motor Corporation

Head Office :300 Takatsuka-cho, Minami-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8611Tel: (053) 440-2061Tokyo Branch Office : Suzuki bldg. Higashi-Shimbashi 2F, 2-8 Higashi-Shimbashi 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0021 Tel: (03) 5425-2158

http://www.suzuki.co.jp/http://www.globalsuzuki.com/

TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

Head Office : 1 Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8571 Tel: (0565) 28-2121Tokyo Head Office :4-18 Koraku 1-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8701 Tel: (03) 3817-7111Nagoya Office :7-1 Meieki 4-chome, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 450-8711Tel: (052) 552-2111

http://www.toyota.co.jp/

66

16-15, Takanawa 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074 (03) 3445-4211

1-30, Shiba-Daimon 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012 (03) 3578-1681

5-8, Shiba-Koen 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-001 (03) 3431-3773

10-2, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076 (03) 3262-8211

2530, Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0822 (029) 856-1112


19-5, Toranomon 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 (0120) 028-222



11-6, Iwamoto-cho 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0032 (03) 5825-3671




25-3, Yoyogi 3-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053 (03) 5333-5881

1-15, Shiba 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0014 (03) 5765-6811


34-4, Nishi-Shinbashi 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003 (03) 5776-0901

11-30, Nagata-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0014 (03) 5511-2111

10-1, Roppongi 6-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6117 (03) 3404-6141


11-6, Tsukiji 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 (03) 5565-0900

25-15, Minami-Otsuka 2-chome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0005 (03) 6902-8190


9, Kanda-Awajicho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8335 (03) 3255-1844

7-8, Sarugaku-cho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0064 (03) 5577-3977

2-5, Yotsuya 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004 (03) 6836-1201


6-8, Shiba-Koen 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0011 (03) 5777-1011

5-26, Moto-Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0051 (03) 3403-5556


4-1, Marunouchi 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005 (03) 3216-4016

21, Kanda-Awajicho 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0063 (03) 5296-1670

8-13, Kudan-Minami 4-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074 (03) 3239-1531



8-21, Toranomon 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 (03) 3435-9091



12-6, Kudan-Kita 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073 (03) 3263-1945

3-1, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8955 (03) 3581-2211

11-10, Minami-Azabu 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0047 (03) 6436-2100

5-7, Kyobashi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0031 (03) 3562-1720

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Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA)

Japan Auto-Body Industries Association Inc. (JABIA)

Japan Automotive Machinery and Tool Manufacturers Association (JAMTA)

Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE)

Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) [Tsukuba]

Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) [Tokyo]

Automotive Dispute Resolution Center (ADR)

Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center (JARC)

Japan Auto Recycling Partnership (JARP)

Automobile Inspection & Registration Information Association (AIRIA)

Automobile Business Association of Japan

Japan Automobile Dealers Association (JADA)

Japan Light Motor Vehicle and Motorcycle Association

Japan Used Car Dealers Association

Japan Automobile Importers Association (JAIA)

Japan Automobile Federation (JAF)

Japan Auto Appraisal Institute (JAAI)

Automobile Fair Trade Council (AFTC)

Japan Automobile Service Promotion Association (JASPA)

Japan Automotive Leasing Association (JALA)

Motorcycle Federation of Japan (MFJ)

Japan Motorcycle Promotion & Safety Association

Japan Automobile Education Foundation (JAEF)

The General Insurance Association of Japan (GIAJ)

Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA)

Japan Automobile Transport Technology Association (JATA)

Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC)

ITS Japan

Japan Industrial Vehicles Association (JIVA)

Japan Trucking Association

Nihon Bus Association (NBA)

All Japan Railway-Freight Forwarders Association

Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations

All Japan Rent-A-Car Association

Japan Federation of Authorized Drivers School Associations

Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association, Inc. (JATMA)

Auto-Parts & Accessories Retail Association (APARA)

Japan Traffic Safety Association

The Japan Research Center for Transport Policy

Japan Road Association (JARA)

Express Highway Research Foundation of Japan (EHRF)

Vehicle Information and Communication System Center (VICS)

Related Automotive Associations At April 1, 2015

67

©JAMA. All rights reserved. Printed with Vegetable oil ink.

THE MOTOR INDUSTRY OF JAPAN 2015 Published May 2015

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.Jidosha Kaikan, 1-30 Shiba Daimon 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012 JapanFor inquiries about this booklet, write or telephone: Public Relations Office, JAMA Tel: +81 (3) 5405-6119

http://www.jama.or.jp/

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