1. Pick up the article from the front of the room.

2. Please DO NOT write on it as it is a class set!

3. Good luck!

Warm Up

1. Why would the Turkish government demolish brand new skyscrapers?

2. What do you think is the significance of being a World Heritage Site?

3. How does this article support the importance of Hagia Sophia to the Istanbul?

4. In your opinion, should the Turkish government should have done this?

5. Is there any landmark in the United States that should have the same level of protection at the Hagia Sophia?

Hagia Sophia Article

Chapters 13&14

The Middle Ages

A. Byzantine Empire continued after the fall of the W. Roman Empire with the capitol of Constantinople

B. Center for trade and Hellenistic culture

I. Byzantine Empire

C. Justinian (r. 526–565 AD)- emperor who retook most of the Roman Empire

1. Justinian’s Code- updated Roman Law and was the basis for European law during the Middle Ages

2. Built Hagia SophiaD. Great Schism (1054)-

split between the Catholic and the Orthodox Church

I. Byzantine Empire

A. After the fall of the Roman Empire, there was chaos with little learning, society, or economy in Europe

B. Battle of Tours(732), Charles Martell defeated Muslim invaders

II. Dark Ages

C. Charlemagne(r. 771-814)

1. Unified Europe for first time since Rome

2. Pope crowned him Holy Roman Emperor

3. Encouraged learning, made laws, spread Christianity

D. Invaders like the Vikings created chaos again

II. Dark Ages

Label your maps!

This will go in your map section…

When you’re done work on your study guide.

Medieval Maps

Where did the “Dark Ages” get it’s name?

In your opinion, what is the role of a Knight?

What were the crusades?

Warm-Up

A. To protect from invaders, peasants bound themselves to lords and worked in large manors

B. Lords hired knights (mounted warrior class) who got land in return

III. Feudal System

Knights

Feudal System

C. Lords competed with each other but were under the king

D. Kings had little power, had a system of give and take with lords

A. Almost every European was Catholic

B. Pope (the religious and political leader of Catholic Church) oversaw all kings

IV. Middle Ages Religion

C. Pope Urban II called for Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Land

1. Christians ruled Jerusalem for 100 years before being defeated

2. Exposed to Muslims’ learning, advancements, goods

IV. Middle Ages Religion

A. After Crusades, kings gained more power- more stability

1) Except in England, the lords forced the king to sign the

Magna Carta- limited the power of the king

2) Kings fought for dominance

a) Hundred Years War- British invaded France, French inspired to

victory by Joan of Arc. She's a Witch!

b) Reconquista- Christian Spanish defeated the last of the Moors

IV. High Middle Ages

Magna Carta

100 Years War

Reconquista

Surrender at Grenada

Look at the following nursery rhyme. How do you think it could relate to the Middle Ages? What does each line symbolize?

Ring-a-round a rosie,A pocket full of posies,

Ashes! Ashes!We all fall down.

Warm Up

B. Changes in society1. Innovations in agriculture like crop rotation,

advanced plows, and windmills increased population

2. At first economies were local with goods exchanged by bartering

3. Later, trade was expanded through trade fairs

IV. High Middle Ages

4. Currency replaced bartering and a banking system emerged with the use of credit

5. Guilds- craftsmen of same trade come together to protect quality and no competition

6. Towns developed that were loyal only to the king- became centers of trade and a new “middle” class

IV. High Middle Ages

C. Arts of Middle Ages1. Architecture: Castles and Cathedrals 2. Art: Paintings and Tapestries3. Literature: mostly religious and in Latin but

later some written in the vernacular (everyday language)

IV. High Middle Ages

Gothic Architecture

Gothic Architecture

Ribbed VaultFlying Buttresses

D. Black Death, plagued that killed 1/3 of population, helped increase the rights and pay of the peasants that survived

E. Stability, trade, and middle class helped lead to the Renaissance

Bring out your dead!

Black Death, girl

High Middle Ages