the middle ages
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THE MIDDLE AGES. Europe AD 500-1500. Periodization. Early Middle Ages : 500 – 1000 After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade, signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe High Middle Ages : 1000 – 1250 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE MIDDLE AGES
Europe AD 500-1500
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PeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade, signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Conditions improve as Monarchs provide security / economic growth- begin to build nations
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Progressive thinking eventually leads to increased democracy, technology, science, etc… Renaissance, Reformation
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Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c
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Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814
•Frankish King c. 800 AD
•Unites Present day France, Germany, N. Italy into empire
•Works with church- spreads Christianity throughout W.Europe
•Values education= schools, textbooks, etc
•Sets up strong gov’t = model for future kings
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Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire
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Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800•Christian Pope crowns King successor to Roman Emperor
•Revives ideal of united Christian community
•Widens split between E / W Christians
•Power struggles in future- who’s in charge- king or pope? State or church?
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The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
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Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
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FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
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Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Lord= Landowner Fief= Land Knight= Mounted Warrior (owes lord)
Vassal= pledge loyalty to lord in return for landholdings
Chivalry= Knights code of conduct
Page= Young boy training to be knight (start at 7) Squire= Apprentice of knight
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Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle
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The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
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ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
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The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor
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Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor
Manor = Estate
Serf= Peasant, bound to land
Slave= Peasant, property of lord
Peasant= Work for lord in exchange for protection, place to live, and food
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The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
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The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.
curb heresies crusades; Inquisition
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
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A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day
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A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
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Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts
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William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William “Duke of Normandy”- Brings knights from France and becomes King Of England
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Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.
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Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215
King John IKing John I
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.
Legal rights of individuals protected
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The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament. (parler = “to talk”)- given power to tax (power over monarch)
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons knights and burgesses.
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The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
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Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
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Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade•1095 Calls on Europeans
to join Christian crusade to recapture Palestine, Jerusalem from Muslims
•200 years of religious wars ensue- Christians vs. Muslims
•1099 Christians capture Jerusalem, massacre Jews, Muslims
• Within 100 years, Muslims regain land- bloody religious war goes on
•Leaves legacy of mistrust, hatred
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Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade
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Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
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Medieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities
EDUCATION
•Church and Gov’t need educated people
•Political and economic conditions improving
•Mostly wealthy sons go to university
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Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford University
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Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings
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Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade
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Medieval Economy ImprovesMedieval Economy ImprovesMedieval Economy ImprovesMedieval Economy Improves
Commercial Revolution:
Merchants join together- pool funds= bigger business, more $ (corporations)
Insurance- owners look to protect shipments, investments
Banks hold money- doesn’t have to be carried on trade route
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Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop
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Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild