the middle ages
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D: 12/6/12A: Notes on the Middle AgesS: How did feudalism work?H: None
w.o.d: Renaissance
Warm-Up: Renaissance Reading
Word of the DayWORD
renaissance
DEIFINTION
Period ofgreat
achievementin art and
learning thatbegan in Italyin the 1300sand spreadThroughout
Europe.
SENTENCE
Most ofEurope’s wellknow artistsand writers
BecameFamous
during theRenaissance.
PICTURE
The Middle Ages to
Colonization
I. The Middle Ages
A. Dark age for Europe. B. Constant invastions and few resources required
that Europeans develop a new system for living. C. This new system included all aspects of life,
political, economic, and social. It was called feudalism
II. Feudalism
A. The economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord’s estates or manors, and is called Manoralism.
B. A lord's manor would include peasant village, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle
C. Socially there were 4 classes of peopleD. Politically only the nobles had a say in
government
III. Social Feudalism
A. KingI. Owned everything but gave some land, money & power to
the LordsB. Lords
I. Ruled over the land from the King including all the people in it but paid taxes
C. KnightsI. Protected the king, lords & land in exchange for a place to
live, money and foodD. Peasants/Serfs
I. Worked the land, paid taxes and had no power in exchange for protection
IV. Manoralism
A. Manors were self sufficient; all economic activity occurred on the manor.
B. This meant that little to no trading occurred during this time period.
C. The serfs did all the working in the fields, maintaining roads and were servants in the castle
V. Role of the Church
A. Spiritual I. Central to medieval life from baptism to death.
B. Secular I. The Church was the largest land ownerII. Gained wealth through tithes III. Had its own laws and courts which frequently
clashed with King’s. IV. Some parish priests ran schools.
VI. Separation of the Church
A. Around 800 Western Europe was briefly unified under Charlemagne
B. Charlemagne conquered many lands but split Europe into Eastern and Western Christianity
C. In the east they practiced Eastern OrthodoxyD. In the west they were Roman Catholic
VII. The Crusades
A. In 1050 the Turks invaded and conquered Palestine also called the Holy Land
B. Christians, Muslims & Jews all claimed this land as their own.
C. The Pope called for the Crusades to free the Holy Land
VIII. Impact of the Crusades
A. Cultural diffusionB. Increase in trade C. Trade route opened the door to build citiesD. The end of the feudal system as serfs began
to make money and used it instead of service
IX. The Bubonic Plague
A. Known as the black death the disease was spread by fleas on rats
B. It started in China and moved as trade routes opened up.
C. Between 1347 and 1353 the plague killed over 60 million people in Europe & Asia
X. The Renaissance
A. During the Middle Ages philosophers worried about what happened after people death
B. The Renaissance meaning rebirth marked a change in thinking and people began to question the church and worried about life on earth
C. Huge gains were made in science, literature and art
D. The Greeks & Romans were glorified
XI. Renaissance Art
A. Created some of the most famous paintings, sculptures and architecture
B. Art was supported by the church, wealthy nobles and royals
C. Art was detailed, realistic and study the human form
D. Most well known artists were Michelangelo and DaVinci
XII. Renaissance Literature
A. Dante wrote the Divine ComedyB. Cervantes wrote Don QuixoteC. Shakespeare wrote many plays and sonnetsD. Machiavelli wrote The PrinceE. The printing press invented in 1300 allowed for
written works to be easily copiedF. Gutenberg was used the press to copy the Bible in
1453G. As more books were printed ideas were spread
worldwide
XIII. The Reformation
A. Once the Renaissance started the church realized they needed a change
B. The purpose was to stop people from leaving the church to become Protestant
C. Protestantism was started by Martin Luther who taught that God not the Pope was the only one who could grant forgiveness this started the Reformation and break off of the church
XIV. Effects of the Reformation
A. Formation of Protestant churchesB. Loss of political & religious unityC. Anti-Semitism or persecution of the JewsD. Witch hunts
XV. Summary
A. Feudalism of the middle ages declined as peasants fought with the nobles for power
B. The Renaissance sparked a new way of thinking that caused people to leave the church and the printing press helped these ideas spread all over.
C. People begin to unite under strong monarchs and new cities emerge and vie for power, money & land even colonies