the little data book on private sector development 2016
TRANSCRIPT
2016 THE LITTLE DATA BOOKON PRIVATE SECTORDEVELOPMENT
© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 4 19 18 17 16
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ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-0935-4ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0936-1DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0935-4
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iiiThe Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Contents
iv 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016 is based on World
Development Indicators 2016 and its accompanying online tables, with a focus
on the private sector in development . The Little Data Book on Private Sector
Development 2016 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of
the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics
Vice Presidency and the Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice . The
Development Data Group team included Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Ana
Florina Pirlea, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku . The Trade and Competitiveness
team included Ramin Aliyev, Prasanna Lal Das, Jenny Datoo, Nathalie David,
and Patricia Ellen Steele . The work was carried out under the management
of Haishan Fu, director of the Development Data Group, and Klaus Tilmes,
director of the Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice . Azita Amjadi
coordinated all stages of production . Barton Matheson Willse & Worthington
typeset the book . Jewel McFadden, Nora Ridolfi, and Janice Tuten from the
World Bank’s Publishing and Knowledge Division oversaw publication and
dissemination of the book .
Acknowledgments
vThe Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
PrefaceReliable cross-country data on aspects of private sector development are
crucial in planning for economic recovery and growth . In targeting increased
exports and investment, many governments prioritize an improved climate for
business as a basis to attract capital, create jobs, and provide basic services .
The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly
expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group’s Doing
Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots .
The data sources presented in this book report on the scope and types of
regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity, and they provide
information on how business owners assess their business environments .
The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed
the reform process in many developing countries . Please visit the Business
Environment Snapshots (http://rru .worldbank .org/besnapshots/) for more
information .
Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the
business environment, private sector investment, finance and banking, and
infrastructure . Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables,
the included indicators provide users with a general understanding of the
private sector in each country . Indicators displayed in the tables are defined
in the glossary, which also lists data sources .
The Trade and Competitiveness practice plans to release a new website
featuring these and other indicators in the fall of 2016 . Details will be made
available at the World Bank Trade (http://www .worldbank .org/en/topic/trade)
and World Bank Competitiveness websites .
We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make
them more useful .
vi 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Data notesThe data in this book are for 2005 and 2014 or the most recent year unless
otherwise noted in the table or the glossary .
• Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless
otherwise noted .
• Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those
specified .
Symbols used:
. . indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data .
0 or 0 .0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places .
$ indicates current U .S . dollars .
Lettered notes on some country tables can be found in the notes on page 230 .
Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for
smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank . The term country
(used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence
or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which
the authorities report separate social or economic statistics .
The cutoff date for data is April 14, 2016 .
1The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage .
East Asia and PacificAmerican Samoa; Australia, Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Hong Kong SAR, China; Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Republic of Korea; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macao SAR China; Malaysia; Marshall Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Mongolia; Myanmar; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Northern Mariana Islands; Palau; Papua New Guinea; the Philippines; Samoa; Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Vietnam
Europe and Central AsiaAlbania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan
Latin America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), St . Kitts and Nevis, St . Lucia, St . Martin (French part), St . Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Virgin Islands (U .S .)
Middle East and North AfricaAlgeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen
North AmericaBermuda, Canada, United States
South AsiaAfghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Sub-Saharan AfricaAngola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Regional tables
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development2
World
2005 2014
6,514.3 7,259.73,021.1 3,383.6
6.2 5.97,297 10,799
2.9 2.73.3 3.1
28.3 26.417.2 15.868.4 70.5
20.7 18.426.9 29.726.8 29.5
50 2010 7
302 26128 22
.. 2.6
.. 15.9 4.0
.. ..
3.2 2.023.1 21.9
.. ..
.. ..
69.6 58.79.2 10.03.9 4.2
126.6 125.4
6.6 6.1
24,229 31,993
376,268 679,2652,651 3,105
33.9 96.915.8 40.7
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016 3
East Asia & Pacific
2005 2014
2,130.5 2,264.11,165.1 1,259.5
4.7 4.54,903 9,731
4.2 4.54.6 4.0
33.8 32.023.4 21.761.6 63.9
30.7 27.431.8 31.929.0 31.2
42 23
8 7243 200
23 19.. 2.4.. 17.6 8.3
.. ..
1.9 2.827.4 28.2
.. ..
.. ..
127.9 103.98.3 8.45.6 1.2
146.9 145.0
5.5 4.9
3,880 7,920
193,780 370,3042,241 3,568
34.1 103.414.7 46.9
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
4 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Europe & Central Asia
2005 2014
872.7 902.0410.5 435.1
8.8 9.019,080 25,424
2.2 1.22.2 2.0
27.3 25.116.9 15.370.4 72.9
17.3 15.535.7 41.734.1 38.8
32 10
9 5336 201
23 18.. 2.0.. 12.2 4.6
.. ..
6.0 1.821.3 19.5
.. ..
.. 63.2.. ..
7.6 10.62.3 7.6
96.0 96.5
5.7 ..
6,314 7,464
75,798 116,4015,377 5,437
81.0 125.935.2 69.2
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
5The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Latin America & Caribbean
2005 2014
562.8 626.3257.5 306.1
8.0 6.64,550 9,912
3.5 3.55.4 5.1
34.8 30.117.7 14.659.9 64.8
12.2 10.925.8 22.923.7 25.1
74 2910 8
335 35922 17
.. 2.9
.. 20.1 2.0
236,347 270,9092.8 3.5
19.1 20.915.2 16.1
.. ..
30.9 41.910.7 10.0
3.5 2.125.8 50.9
7.6 6.8
1,656 2,63924,816 49,457
1,723 2,118
42.9 114.716.6 50.2
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
6 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Middle East & North Africa
2005 2014
346.7 417.5113.1 144.1
11.8 11.34,086 8,722
5.4 3.66.0 6.0
52.0 47.611.8 ..42.1 46.0
3.1 ..
49.6 47.235.1 40.2
37 1910 8
226 21725 19
.. 3.0
.. 13.2 4.2
.. ..
3.4 1.521.2 24.6
.. ..
.. ..
46.4 59.57.6 10.47.7 4.6
40.9 47.8
4.5 3.6
591 1,509
36,286 56,1732,149 2,876
28.7 110.2
9.8 38.3
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
7The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
North America
2005 2014
327.9 354.5170.6 180.8
5.4 6.345,128 54,879
2.1 2.21.2 1.4
22.0 20.513.5 12.476.9 78.1
25.7 17.612.0 14.816.8 17.7
4 43 4
119 1537 7.. 1.2.. 3.9 1.3
.. ..
1.2 1.022.7 19.719.3 15.8
56.3 97.216.7 10.3
7.2 8.30.6 1.2
186.7 197.1 .. ..
10,988 10,84442,661 52,06714,031 13,239
66.8 107.368.3 87.3
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
8 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2005 2014
South Asia
2005 2014
1,511.1 1,721.2611.3 674.4
4.7 3.9701 1,4967.1 6.5
19.2 18.427.8 28.815.8 16.753.1 52.8
5.0 8.1
18.9 21.622.5 25.1
31 16
7 8205 299
36 33.. 2.6.. 13.2 0.2
223,469 113,7691.0 1.5
28.4 26.921.6 23.5
61.2 ..50.2 61.1
6.6 8.29.3 7.8
37.4 46.5
5.9 5.6
420 913
9,933 20,900433 673
7.8 75.42.5 16.6
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
9The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
2005 2014
Sub-Saharan Africa
2005 2014
762.6 974.3293.0 383.8
8.1 8.0795 1,6465.4 4.3
17.3 14.630.8 27.012.8 11.251.8 58.4
7.4 4.0
31.1 28.430.7 32.6
63 2711 8
325 30939 31
.. 3.0
.. 17.8 2.3
58,074 28,0922.8 2.7
16.8 21.313.6 14.7
.. ..
32.8 30.6.. .... ..
60.7 48.7
12.2 8.6
380 705
.. ..527 488
12.0 71.0
2.1 19.2
10 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion
for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita . Every
economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified
as low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, or high income .
Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on
June 30), thus countries remain in the categories in which they are classified
irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data .
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less in
2014 .
Lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between
$1,046 and $4,125 .
Upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between
$4,126 and $12,735 .
High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,736 or more .
Income group tables
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
11The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
2005 2014
Low income
488.2 622.0207.6 271.0
5.6 5.7301 6285.4 6.4
33.1 31.721.2 21.710.8 8.845.7 46.6
3.8 5.3
24.2 24.338.0 42.7
62 2711 8
287 26744 36
.. 3.3
.. 18.3 0.6
14,687 7,5012.5 4.4
18.5 25.112.3 ..
.. ..
24.8 26.7.. .... ..
11.9 20.7
12.2 ..
.. 266.. .... ..
3.9 56.71.0 6.3
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
12 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Lower middle income
2005 2014
2,504.8 2,878.51,022.9 1,168.8
6.2 5.3844 2,0186.4 5.7
18.0 16.632.4 31.117.4 16.849.6 51.9
12.5 11.528.0 25.730.4 29.5
52 2010 7
396 30733 25
.. 2.9
.. 15.8 1.7
341,103 138,6232.4 2.1
24.7 25.119.4 20.7
.. ..
44.2 48.710.0 10.6
9.6 5.533.1 41.4
8.4 7.2
1,285 2,66628,257 72,101
530 743
12.9 87.63.7 22.6
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
13The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Upper middle income
2005 2014
2,199.1 2,360.81,146.5 1,254.3
5.8 5.92,715 7,926
6.5 5.78.5 7.3
39.0 35.923.8 21.852.4 56.8
22.5 20.632.7 27.730.2 27.3
58 24
9 7298 309
27 21.. 2.6.. 17.7 2.9
272,521 305,9343.5 2.8
28.2 30.9.. ..
.. ..
42.0 49.29.5 10.05.3 4.0
65.2 106.8
6.7 6.2
3,615 7,774
109,073 268,5301,869 3,214
35.3 101.411.1 47.7
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
14 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2005 2014
High income
1,322.2 1,398.4644.1 689.5
7.0 7.229,726 38,301
2.1 1.81.6 1.6
26.4 24.516.2 14.972.0 73.9
20.8 18.526.0 30.326.0 29.8
33 158 6
229 17914 13
.. 2.0
.. 13.2 6.4 .. ..
3.2 1.722.2 20.4
.. .. .. 65.7
61.2 ..7.0 8.01.9 3.3
142.4 142.5
4.0 ..
19,241 21,287238,938 336,788
8,522 8,508
81.9 125.751.8 80.6
15The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
China
Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China .
Cyprus
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of Cyprus .
Georgia
GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia .
Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia
Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006 . Where available, data for each country are shown separately . However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro . Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) . Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available .
Moldova
GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP, and population exclude Transnistria .
Morocco
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara .
South Sudan and Sudan
South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011 . Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available . Data reported for Sudan include South Sudan to 2011 unless otherwise noted .
Tanzania
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only .
For more information, see World Development Indicators 2016 or data .worldbank .org .
Country tables
16 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Low income
Afghanistan
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
24.4 31.6 6226.1 8.3 2718.5 9.1 5.7
250 680 6288.5 6.8 6.4
31.8 23.5 31.727.4 22.3 21.716.9 12.3 8.840.9 54.2 46.612.7 4.6
.. .. 5.327.4 6.6 24.377.5 46.2 42.7
.. 1779 7 274 3 8
275 275 26767 86 36
.. 2.0 3.3
.. 0.0 18.32.5 2.30.2 0.2 0.6
.. 9.8.. 34.0.. 41.5.. 3.9.. 111.3.. 22.1
1,282 106 7,5014.3 0.2 4.4
21.6 18.2 25.1.. .. ..
.. .. ..
9.0 17.7 26.7.. 11.9 .... 7.8 ..
4.8 3.8 20.710.1 14.7
.. .. ..
.. 25 266.. .. .... .. .... 11.5
4.8 74.9 56.71.2 6.4 6.3
17The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Albania
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.0 2.9 2,3611.3 1.3 1,254
12.5 16.1 5.92,670 4,450 7,926
5.7 2.0 5.721.2 22.6 7.325.2 25.2 35.910.2 5.6 21.853.5 52.2 56.8
2.4 1.64.2 0.1 20.6
22.8 28.2 27.747.5 47.3 27.3
.. 9741 6 2412 6 7
364 357 30921 19 21
.. 2.0 2.6
.. 14.1 17.71.2 2.10.6 1.1 2.9
9.9 6.7
82.0 18.452.6 40.228.4 23.125.5 9.219.8 18.8
1,784 619 305,9343.2 8.7 2.8
37.0 24.8 30.932.3 20.8 ..
.. .. ..
52.1 70.1 49.26.6 9.0 10.02.3 22.8 4.0
15.3 37.6 106.810.2 7.6
8.0 6.7 6.2
4 2 7,774
33 99 268,5301,722 2,531 3,214
33.9 4.147.9 105.5 101.4
6.0 60.1 47.7
18 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Algeria
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
33.3 38.9 2,36110.1 12.4 1,25415.3 9.5 5.9
2,710 5,490 7,9264.2 3.2 5.78.0 11.1 7.3
59.7 45.7 35.9.. .. 21.8
32.3 43.3 56.81.4 2.91.5 0.2 20.6
47.2 30.5 27.724.1 32.0 27.3
.. 16324 20 2413 12 7
451 385 30915 17 21
.. 1.3 2.6
.. 6.6 17.710.4 15.6
0.5 0.6 2.9
25.1 ..15.0 ..66.8 ..28.6 ..49.1 ..
5.0 ..
8,872 1,814 305,934
1.1 0.7 2.822.4 36.7 30.9
.. .. ..
47.3 .. ..37.8 49.5 49.2
.. 7.4 10.0
.. 9.2 4.011.9 18.4 106.8–7.0 8.46.1 6.3 6.2
46 60 7,774200 361 268,530887 1,277 3,2143.2 ..
40.2 92.9 101.45.8 18.1 47.7
19The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
American Samoa
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.06 0.06 2,361.. .. 1,254.. .. 5.9.. .. 7,926.. .. 5.7.. .. 7.3.. .. 35.9.. .. 21.8.. .. 56.8.. .... .. 20.6.. .. 27.7.. .. 27.3
.. .... .. 24.. .. 7.. .. 309.. .. 21.. .. 2.6.. .. 17.7.. .... .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 305,934.. .. 2.8.. .. 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0.. .. 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
.. 9 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
3.8 .. 101.4.. .. 47.7
20 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Andorra
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.08 0.07 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
40,040 43,270 38,3014.3 –3.1 1.80.4 0.5 1.6
16.2 10.4 24.53.3 3.2 14.9
74.9 79.3 73.9.. ..
26.4 .. 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
79.5 82.6 125.737.6 95.9 80.6
21The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
Angola
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
17.9 24.2 2,3616.5 8.8 1,2546.8 6.8 5.9
640 .. 7,92611.6 4.9 5.7
.. .. 7.3
.. .. 35.9
.. .. 21.8
.. .. 56.823.0 7.3
.. .. 20.685.8 47.7 27.753.8 40.7 27.3
.. 18183 36 2412 8 7
272 282 30964 40 21
.. .. 2.6
.. 21.7 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9
7.1 ..14.8 ..77.7 ..
2.3 ..60.2 ..
5.1 ..
1,845 287 305,934
–3.5 –5.1 2.836.4 15.3 30.9
2.0 2.9 ..
.. .. ..
14.7 38.2 49.29.0 .. 10.0
13.3 .. 4.05.6 22.9 106.8
32.3 18.054.3 12.5 6.2
5 14 7,774.. 1,000 268,530
119 227 3,2146.5 ..9.7 63.5 101.41.1 21.3 47.7
22 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Antigua and Barbuda
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.08 0.09 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
11,920 13,300 38,3014.9 0.1 1.82.1 2.4 1.6
17.1 18.0 24.52.1 3.0 14.9
80.8 79.6 73.92.1 1.10.8 0.0 18.5
54.7 45.3 30.368.5 59.4 29.8
.. 10425 21 15
8 8 6184 207 179
13 16 13.. 3.0 2.0.. 25.9 13.2.. 0.2.. 3.5 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
6 .. ..
22.2 13.7 1.727.6 25.6 20.424.1 23.9 ..
.. .. 65.7
92.0 93.4 .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3
61.9 63.3 142.56.4 13.57.5 7.2 ..
27 46 21,28734 32 336,788
.. .. 8,508
.. ..104.2 132.1 125.7
27.0 64.0 80.6
23The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Argentina
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
39.1 43.0 1,39817.8 19.5 68910.6 8.2 7.2
4,940 13,480 38,3014.9 4.1 1.88.4 8.3 1.6
34.7 28.8 24.521.9 14.5 14.956.9 62.9 73.9
9.6 10.66.8 6.7 18.5
20.9 14.8 30.315.9 14.5 29.8
.. 12130 25 1513 14 6
453 405 17916 12 13
.. 2.8 2.0
.. 0.0 13.214.2 11.7
0.6 0.4 6.4
14.1 ..4.3 ..
56.1 ..28.7 ..46.2 ..26.9 ..
12,922 13,049 ..2.4 1.1 1.7
18.3 17.1 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
19.1 19.6 ..12.1 12.5 8.0
7.6 2.0 3.39.6 14.3 142.5
–4.0 –4.12.4 3.6 ..
81 95 21,2871,490 1,776 336,7882,393 3,093 8,508
0.5 ..57.3 158.8 125.717.7 64.7 80.6
24 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Armenia
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.0 3.0 2,8781.4 1.6 1,169
27.8 17.1 5.31,520 4,020 2,018
10.6 4.5 5.720.9 20.8 16.645.3 28.6 31.114.8 10.8 16.833.8 50.6 51.9
0.6 3.00.6 2.7 11.5
28.8 28.5 25.743.2 46.9 29.5
.. 3518 3 20
9 2 7572 313 307
37 16 25.. 1.9 2.9.. 19.1 15.8
2.3 3.11.1 1.5 1.7
3.1 12.2
70.5 4.6.. 12.8
46.3 39.22.5 4.86.3 23.6
1,946 581 138,6236.0 3.5 2.1
29.8 20.0 25.126.8 18.2 20.7
.. .. ..
9.8 27.3 48.721.5 13.6 10.6
1.9 7.0 5.58.0 48.9 41.4
14.3 13.312.2 6.0 7.2
6 0 2,666.. .. 72,101
1,505 1,870 743.. 0.3
10.5 115.9 87.65.3 46.3 22.6
25The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Aruba
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.10 0.10 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301
–0.1 .. 1.80.4 0.5 1.6
20.6 16.3 24.54.0 4.7 14.9
78.9 83.2 73.93.4 0.46.4 5.4 18.5
68.5 70.8 30.377.9 86.4 29.8
.. ..
.. .. 15
.. .. 6
.. .. 179
.. .. 13
.. .. 2.0
.. .. 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
–8.9 18.9 1.735.0 .. 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
54.3 64.3 .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3
54.7 57.4 142.57.0 ..7.6 6.1 ..
.. .. 21,287
135 168 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
103.4 135.1 125.725.4 83.8 80.6
26 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Australia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
20.4 23.5 1,39810.6 12.4 689
5.0 6.0 7.230,310 64,600 38,301
3.3 2.7 1.83.2 2.4 1.6
26.8 27.1 24.511.3 6.9 14.970.0 70.5 73.9
2.7 2.512.8 13.6 18.518.1 20.9 30.320.8 21.4 29.8
.. 133 3 153 3 6
107 105 1799 9 13.. 1.0 2.0.. 26.0 13.2
122.0 231.98.9 14.9 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
–3.6 3.2 1.727.0 27.3 20.4
.. .. ..
22.6 38.3 65.775.5 93.4 ..
6.9 5.9 8.00.6 1.1 3.3
108.8 129.6 142.55.2 4.55.2 3.0 ..
343 645 21,2875,191 7,524 336,788
10,458 10,134 8,508.. ..
89.8 131.2 125.763.0 84.6 80.6
27The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Austria
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
8.2 8.5 1,3984.1 4.5 6895.2 5.0 7.2
38,500 49,600 38,3011.9 1.2 1.81.4 1.4 1.6
30.4 28.0 24.519.7 18.4 14.968.2 70.6 73.9
2.3 1.613.7 13.9 18.548.6 53.2 30.345.5 49.5 29.8
.. 2125 22 15
8 8 6170 166 179
11 10 13.. 1.1 2.0.. 16.8 13.2
3.6 4.20.6 0.7 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
25.8 1.9 1.723.1 22.4 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 83.4 65.7.. .. ..
5.2 6.8 8.02.6 3.5 3.3
94.7 88.6 142.5.. .... .. ..
142 163 21,287366 452 336,788
7,978 8,513 8,508.. ..
105.2 151.9 125.758.0 81.0 80.6
28 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Azerbaijan
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
8.4 9.5 2,3614.0 5.0 1,2547.3 5.2 5.9
1,270 7,600 7,92617.9 2.9 5.7
9.9 5.7 7.363.6 58.3 35.9
7.0 5.2 21.826.5 36.0 56.8
9.7 1.41.1 7.0 20.6
62.9 43.3 27.752.9 26.2 27.3
.. 63113 3 24
13 2 7756 195 309
34 27 21.. 1.5 2.6.. 12.9 17.7.. 6.8.. 1.0 2.9
5.2 0.368.4 12.5
.. 19.10.4 17.62.0 4.0
10.3 12.7
1,531 239 305,934
33.8 5.9 2.841.3 25.8 30.937.5 .. ..
.. .. ..
10.0 18.1 49.2.. 17.0 10.0
7.2 12.7 4.09.5 30.7 106.80.8 17.68.5 8.7 6.2
12 18 7,774.. .. 268,530
2,388 2,093 3,214.. 0.6
26.2 110.9 101.48.0 61.0 47.7
29The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Bahamas, The
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.33 0.38 1,3980.18 0.22 68910.2 15.4 7.2
23,510 20,980 38,3011.0 1.1 1.82.2 1.8 1.6
15.4 21.4 24.54.5 4.1 14.9
82.4 76.8 73.91.6 1.50.0 0.0 18.5
45.2 43.9 30.348.0 60.9 29.8
.. 10631 29 15
7 8 658 58 17916 19 13
.. 3.0 2.0
.. 0.0 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
7.3 3.1 1.724.2 27.7 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
59.5 71.6 .... .. 8.0
4.4 .. 3.364.3 76.0 142.5
0.5 4.82.3 3.3 ..
33 35 21,2871,212 1,399 336,788
.. .. 8,508
.. ..69.2 82.3 125.725.0 76.9 80.6
30 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Bahrain
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.87 1.4 1,3980.42 0.75 689
4.4 3.9 7.216,970 21,060 38,301
6.0 3.9 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9
2.6 2.70.1 1.5 18.5
83.9 71.2 30.364.4 44.1 29.8
.. 659 9 157 7 6
60 60 17914 11 13
.. 2.5 2.0
.. 0.0 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
6.6 2.8 1.725.7 15.3 20.4
.. .. ..
20.3 35.6 65.754.4 72.8 ..
.. 12.2 8.0
.. 4.6 3.343.7 63.0 142.5–5.2 7.54.7 4.9 ..
32 55 21,287239 374 336,788
21,870 18,217 8,508.. ..
87.2 173.3 125.721.3 91.0 80.6
31The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Lower middle income
Bangladesh
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
142.9 159.1 2,87866.2 79.0 1,169
4.3 4.3 5.3540 1,080 2,0185.7 6.2 5.7
19.6 16.1 16.624.6 27.6 31.115.6 17.4 16.855.8 56.3 51.9
7.0 7.00.3 0.2 11.5
14.4 19.0 25.720.0 25.5 29.5
.. 174
.. 20 20
.. 9 7
.. 302 30739 28 25
.. 4.0 2.9
.. .. 15.85.2 9.20.1 0.1 1.7
3.2 3.3
54.4 41.046.6 39.443.1 29.950.3 84.7
7.8 14.3
5,192 4,637 138,623
1.1 1.4 2.125.8 28.6 25.120.3 22.0 20.7
31.2 .. ..34.5 51.0 48.7
4.7 5.9 10.613.2 9.4 5.529.3 42.4 41.4
9.0 6.95.9 3.9 7.2
7 59 2,666
809 1,655 72,101171 293 743
100.7 64.56.3 80.0 87.60.2 9.6 22.6
32 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Barbados
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.27 0.28 1,3980.15 0.16 689
9.1 12.0 7.213,620 15,310 38,301
1.9 0.3 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9
6.1 1.920.3 16.4 18.543.9 36.5 30.351.8 48.3 29.8
.. 119
.. 18 15
.. 8 6
.. 237 179
.. 9 13
.. 1.8 2.0
.. 19.5 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
6.1 6.3 1.718.4 12.8 20.4
9.8 9.8 ..
62.5 131.6 65.7
102.6 .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3
71.3 .. 142.52.4 6.76.0 5.9 ..
.. .. 21,287
100 71 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
75.4 128.7 125.752.5 76.7 80.6
33The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Belarus
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
9.7 9.5 2,3614.6 4.5 1,2546.4 5.9 5.9
2,820 7,340 7,9268.2 3.3 5.79.9 8.9 7.3
44.0 42.4 35.929.5 26.3 21.846.1 48.7 56.810.3 18.1
2.7 3.9 20.659.8 57.2 27.759.1 57.9 27.3
.. 4479 3 2416 3 7
987 176 30922 15 21
.. 3.0 2.6
.. 11.7 17.71.7 7.00.2 1.1 2.9
5.1 13.7
26.4 3.4.. 42.8
21.5 31.915.3 21.611.0 13.4
5,330 3,189 305,9341.0 2.4 2.8
26.5 32.1 30.922.6 33.7 ..
6.6 25.2 ..16.0 27.5 49.219.8 13.3 10.0
3.1 4.4 4.015.9 24.5 106.8–6.4 0.62.1 0.2 6.2
5 21 7,774.. .. 268,530
3,246 3,648 3,214.. 0.1
42.4 122.5 101.416.2 59.0 47.7
34 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Belgium
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
10.5 11.2 1,3984.6 5.0 6898.4 8.5 7.2
37,850 47,240 38,3011.9 1.0 1.80.9 0.7 1.6
25.1 22.1 24.517.6 13.8 14.974.0 77.2 73.9
2.8 0.38.9 12.8 18.5
73.5 84.0 30.369.9 83.1 29.8
.. 4334 4 15
4 3 6156 161 179
9 9 13.. 0.9 2.0.. 8.4 13.2
16.3 14.92.4 2.1 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
8.7 –3.8 1.722.2 23.3 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 101.5 65.7.. .. ..
3.3 6.6 8.02.0 4.4 3.3
63.3 58.2 142.54.5 ..5.2 .. ..
152 135 21,2877,890 11,187 336,7888,510 7,967 8,508
.. ..91.4 114.3 125.755.8 85.0 80.6
35The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Belize
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.28 0.35 2,3610.11 0.15 1,25411.0 11.5 5.9
3,680 4,350 7,9264.2 2.8 5.7
15.4 15.3 7.317.3 19.1 35.9
8.9 11.5 21.867.3 65.6 56.8
3.6 1.20.0 0.0 20.6
54.7 60.9 27.762.7 66.3 27.3
.. 12057 43 24
9 9 7147 147 309
20 17 21.. 2.0 2.6.. 24.7 17.7
0.7 0.74.7 3.1 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
220 .. 305,93411.4 8.3 2.818.5 16.1 30.914.4 7.9 ..
.. 74.5 ..
52.7 71.6 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
53.1 56.2 106.811.3 9.7
6.5 7.9 6.2
.. 0 7,774
39 42 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
35.3 50.7 101.417.0 38.7 47.7
36 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Benin
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
8.2 10.6 6223.3 4.4 2711.3 1.0 5.7
590 890 6284.0 4.7 6.4
27.5 23.5 31.730.8 23.2 21.721.6 14.4 8.841.7 53.4 46.6
5.4 –1.10.1 4.1 5.3
18.9 36.1 24.326.9 45.1 42.7
.. 15834 12 2710 7 8
270 270 26734 25 36
.. 4.0 3.3
.. 15.9 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
2,001 202 7,501–0.2 3.9 4.419.7 24.4 25.112.5 16.3 ..
.. .. ..
16.2 29.3 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
14.8 22.9 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. 1 266.. 408 ..
73 .. .... ..
7.3 99.7 56.71.3 5.3 6.3
37The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
North America High income
Bermuda
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.06 0.07 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
117,640 106,140 38,3012.3 –3.4 1.80.8 0.8 1.6
10.4 6.0 24.51.7 1.0 14.9
88.7 93.2 73.9.. .... 27.8 18.5.. 47.7 30.3.. 29.6 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
0.9 1.0 1.7.. 5.7 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
82.2 90.9 125.765.4 96.8 80.6
38 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Lower middle income
Bhutan
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.65 0.77 2,8780.31 0.40 1,169
3.1 2.8 5.31,220 2,370 2,018
8.4 6.0 5.723.2 17.7 16.637.3 42.9 31.1
7.4 8.6 16.839.5 39.4 51.9
5.3 8.24.1 0.0 11.5
38.2 36.3 25.762.9 57.3 29.5
.. 7162 15 2010 8 785 85 30738 38 25
.. .. 2.9
.. 33.9 15.80.0 0.00.0 0.1 1.7
.. 28.8.. 0.3.. 7.2.. 42.0.. 21.3.. 3.7
219 .. 138,6230.8 0.4 2.1
49.9 58.5 25.139.8 48.1 20.7
79.5 .. ..51.9 58.0 48.7
.. 16.6 10.6
.. 6.8 5.518.1 43.8 41.4
7.7 6.19.5 10.2 7.2
2 9 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. 0.4
5.5 82.1 87.63.8 34.4 22.6
39The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
Bolivia
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
9.1 10.6 2,8784.1 5.1 1,1695.4 2.7 5.3
1,030 2,870 2,0184.0 5.4 5.7
14.4 13.0 16.632.0 36.8 31.114.2 13.0 16.853.6 50.2 51.9
5.4 5.88.9 8.1 11.5
35.5 43.3 25.732.1 42.0 29.5
.. 15750 50 2015 15 7
1,080 1,025 30724 22 25
.. 1.8 2.9
.. 0.0 15.81.6 3.70.3 0.6 1.7
13.5 ..19.6 ..90.1 ..39.4 ..15.2 ..13.8 ..
598 211 138,623–2.5 0.2 2.113.0 21.0 25.1
6.1 8.6 20.7
.. .. ..
37.4 54.1 48.711.3 7.9 10.611.3 1.5 5.545.0 50.3 41.410.1 7.511.7 6.7 7.2
26 41 2,666.. .. 72,101
482 705 7430.4 ..
25.9 96.3 87.65.2 39.0 22.6
40 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.8 3.8 2,3611.4 1.5 1,254
26.0 27.9 5.93,070 4,840 7,926
5.3 0.8 5.710.1 7.2 7.326.0 26.8 35.912.1 13.3 21.863.9 65.9 56.8
.. ..2.0 2.4 20.6
31.6 33.9 27.771.6 56.9 27.3
.. 7993 67 2413 12 7
368 420 30923 16 21
.. 3.3 2.6
.. 7.2 17.7
.. 2.2
.. 0.8 2.9
4.1 14.567.6 7.4
.. 44.045.4 46.7
6.8 45.116.4 32.2
1,118 829 305,9345.6 2.7 2.8
27.1 18.9 30.910.6 .. ..
.. 46.0 ..
35.4 52.8 49.29.7 14.5 10.05.3 14.0 4.0
42.1 54.8 106.86.6 5.66.0 4.0 6.2
5 0 7,774.. .. 268,530
2,347 3,219 3,214.. 1.0
41.1 91.3 101.421.3 60.8 47.7
41The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
Botswana
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1.9 2.2 2,3610.91 1.2 1,25422.0 18.2 5.9
4,760 7,240 7,9264.7 6.6 5.72.0 2.4 7.3
47.6 39.2 35.95.5 6.2 21.8
50.3 58.4 56.88.6 4.40.4 0.2 20.6
52.9 49.8 27.735.6 43.3 27.3
.. 72125 48 24
11 9 7140 152 309
33 27 21.. 1.7 2.6.. 21.5 17.7
6.6 16.95.7 13.1 2.9
5.0 ..4.5 ..
49.7 ..15.9 ..25.5 ..12.7 ..
262 186 305,9342.8 2.5 2.8
25.3 29.7 30.917.9 20.2 ..
.. 18.7 ..
27.4 37.8 49.29.8 7.9 10.02.8 4.1 4.0
19.8 31.9 106.80.2 0.96.5 6.5 6.2
8 8 7,774.. .. 268,530
1,414 1,564 3,2140.7 ..
30.1 167.3 101.43.3 18.5 47.7
42 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Brazil
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
188.5 206.1 2,36195.9 109.8 1,254
9.3 6.8 5.93,910 11,790 7,926
3.7 3.1 5.75.5 5.2 7.3
28.5 24.0 35.917.4 11.7 21.866.0 70.8 56.8
6.9 6.312.8 10.6 20.615.2 11.2 27.711.8 13.9 27.3
.. 116
.. 83 24
.. 11 7
.. 2,600 30918 13 21
.. 4.0 2.6
.. .. 17.7246.7 73.6
2.0 2.9 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
137,788 200,588 305,9341.7 4.0 2.8
17.1 20.2 30.914.2 14.4 ..
.. .. ..
43.7 55.6 49.210.2 9.0 10.0
3.5 2.9 4.031.8 67.1 106.844.6 23.537.8 22.0 6.2
515 937 7,7745,652 10,679 268,5301,991 2,529 3,214
.. ..46.3 139.0 101.421.0 57.6 47.7
43The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Brunei Darussalam
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.36 0.42 1,3980.17 0.20 689
3.4 3.8 7.223,290 37,320 38,301
1.4 0.6 1.80.9 0.7 1.6
71.6 68.2 24.512.3 12.3 14.927.5 31.0 73.9
1.2 –0.26.5 7.8 18.5
70.2 71.0 30.327.3 35.7 29.8
.. 84121 14 15
21 7 6144 89 179
27 19 13.. 2.5 2.0.. 0.8 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
1.8 3.3 1.711.4 27.3 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
53.9 62.8 .... 11.3 8.0.. 3.7 3.3
40.3 33.2 142.5–11.2 –4.2
4.5 5.2 ..
12 11 21,287
.. 128 336,7888,539 9,704 8,508
.. ..63.3 110.1 125.736.5 68.8 80.6
44 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Bulgaria
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
7.7 7.2 2,3613.4 3.3 1,254
10.1 11.6 5.93,760 7,620 7,926
5.8 0.9 5.78.5 5.3 7.3
28.2 27.2 35.9.. .. 21.8
63.3 67.6 56.85.0 –1.44.8 6.9 20.6
42.6 65.1 27.757.3 66.0 27.3
.. 3832 18 2411 4 7
586 423 30924 18 21
.. 3.3 2.6
.. 5.0 17.729.3 42.6
5.7 8.9 2.9
2.9 16.142.6 6.060.2 59.237.2 42.322.1 49.612.1 23.3
8,473 2,404 305,93413.7 3.5 2.825.7 21.1 30.9
.. .. ..
.. 17.2 ..
40.2 68.2 49.27.4 11.6 10.02.2 16.7 4.0
39.1 59.6 106.82.0 7.85.6 6.6 6.2
10 12 7,774131 184 268,530
4,122 4,640 3,2141.7 1.2
81.3 137.7 101.420.0 55.5 47.7
45The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Burkina Faso
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
13.4 17.6 6226.0 7.9 2712.7 3.1 5.7
410 700 6286.2 5.7 6.4
39.0 34.2 31.718.0 23.1 21.711.7 6.4 8.843.0 42.7 46.6
6.4 –0.322.5 10.6 5.3
9.7 28.9 24.325.8 35.7 42.7
.. 14340 13 2712 3 8
270 270 26745 41 36
.. 4.0 3.3
.. 16.2 18.30.6 1.30.1 0.2 0.6
9.5 ..
19.5 ..88.1 ..19.4 ..19.6 ..
7.4 ..
980 205 7,5010.6 2.7 4.4
19.7 32.7 25.110.5 17.3 ..
.. .. ..
13.9 28.6 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
16.5 28.0 20.7.. .... .. ..
1 4 266.. .. .... .. ..
7.5 ..4.7 71.7 56.70.5 9.4 6.3
46 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Burundi
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
7.9 10.8 6223.6 5.0 2717.3 6.9 5.7
130 270 6283.3 4.2 6.4
44.5 39.3 31.718.5 18.3 21.712.9 9.7 8.837.1 42.4 46.613.5 4.4
4.2 1.3 5.38.2 7.8 24.3
33.4 33.5 42.7
.. 152
13 4 278 3 8
140 274 26747 32 36
.. 5.0 3.3
.. 28.9 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6
5.7 2.322.6 20.060.3 51.325.5 57.924.1 25.3
7.1 10.6
17 25 7,5010.1 0.3 4.4
22.4 27.8 25.113.0 14.7 ..
.. .. ..
17.1 17.2 26.7.. 13.4 .... 10.9 ..
14.5 15.4 20.7–0.3 6.8
.. .. ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... .. ..
10.7 16.62.0 30.5 56.70.5 1.4 6.3
47The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Cabo Verde
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.47 0.51 2,8780.19 0.24 1,169
9.6 9.2 5.32,110 3,450 2,018
7.3 2.0 5.79.0 7.8 16.6
19.2 16.6 31.16.5 .. 16.8
71.8 74.7 51.90.4 –0.20.0 0.0 11.5
37.8 31.5 25.766.6 60.3 29.5
.. 12660 10 2012 7 7
186 180 30722 20 25
.. .. 2.9
.. 18.5 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7
12.2 ..10.4 ..60.4 ..19.4 ..
7.8 ..12.2 ..
140 29 138,6238.3 7.1 2.1
44.2 46.7 25.136.0 33.7 20.7
.. .. ..
75.1 89.4 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
39.1 62.9 41.414.3 11.9
8.9 7.4 7.2
20 8 2,666
.. .. 72,101
.. .. 74311.4 ..17.1 121.8 87.6
6.1 40.3 22.6
48 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Low income
Cambodia
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
13.3 15.3 6226.8 8.6 2711.3 0.4 5.7
460 1,020 6289.2 7.1 6.4
32.4 30.4 31.726.4 27.0 21.718.8 16.2 8.841.2 42.6 46.6
6.3 3.90.1 0.2 5.3
64.1 62.3 24.372.7 66.7 42.7
.. 12787 87 2710 7 8
137 173 26743 22 36
.. 6.0 3.3
.. 19.5 18.31.5 ..0.2 .. 0.6
5.6 1.3
60.3 58.2.. ..
12.6 3.615.5 9.4
.. 9.5
3,313 11 7,501
6.0 10.3 4.418.9 20.9 25.113.5 8.4 ..
.. .. ..
14.3 54.1 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
9.0 54.1 20.7.. .... .. ..
3 11 266
253 289 ..67 221 ..
.. 6.08.0 132.7 56.70.3 9.0 6.3
49The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Cameroon
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
18.1 22.8 2,8787.0 9.2 1,1694.4 4.3 5.3
900 1,350 2,0183.3 4.7 5.7
20.6 22.2 16.632.0 30.1 31.118.7 14.3 16.847.4 47.8 51.9
2.0 1.92.2 4.9 11.5
20.5 21.7 25.721.5 31.2 29.5
.. 17245 15 2011 5 7
654 630 30727 23 25
.. 2.8 2.9
.. 30.0 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7
12.8 ..65.4 ..84.6 ..41.9 ..78.9 ..16.4 ..
1,871 1,058 138,6231.5 1.6 2.1
17.7 20.5 25.115.2 18.2 20.7
.. .. ..
12.9 17.7 48.7.. 3.3 10.6.. 9.7 5.5
9.9 15.6 41.414.7 ..12.8 .. 7.2
11 6 2,666218 367 72,101182 278 74311.6 ..12.4 75.7 87.6
1.4 11.0 22.6
50 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
North America High income
Canada
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
32.3 35.5 1,39817.7 19.7 689
6.7 6.9 7.233,950 51,630 38,301
2.1 2.5 1.81.6 .. 1.6
30.0 .. 24.512.7 .. 14.968.5 .. 73.9
2.2 1.913.1 14.8 18.537.0 31.6 30.333.1 32.5 29.8
.. 144 2 153 2 6
119 131 1798 8 13.. 0.8 2.0.. 3.9 13.2
20.9 30.90.9 1.3 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
2.2 3.2 1.722.0 23.7 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 48.8 65.7
145.0 .. ..4.1 4.9 8.00.5 0.5 3.3
173.5 .. 142.51.2 1.23.6 2.5 ..
1,018 1,290 21,2874,163 5,578 336,788
17,013 15,519 8,508.. ..
52.8 81.0 125.771.7 87.1 80.6
51The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Cayman Islands
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.05 0.06 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8
0.3 0.3 1.67.2 4.7 24.50.8 0.9 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
466.6 .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,2871 52 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
166.5 153.7 125.738.0 74.1 80.6
52 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Central African Republic
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
4.1 4.8 6221.8 2.3 2717.0 7.4 5.7
340 320 6282.3 –7.6 6.4
54.9 58.2 31.714.3 12.0 21.7
6.4 6.0 8.830.8 29.8 46.6
2.9 1.50.0 0.0 5.3
13.2 12.3 24.321.5 37.1 42.7
.. 18522 22 2711 10 8
504 483 26757 46 36
.. 4.8 3.3
.. 0.0 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6 .. 9.2.. 16.8.. 66.7.. 25.3.. 11.8.. 37.0
31 49 7,5010.7 0.2 4.49.8 10.2 25.1
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
5.3 12.5 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
6.8 14.1 20.711.9 ..12.8 .. ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... .. .... 29.0
2.5 24.5 56.70.3 4.0 6.3
53The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Chad
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
10.1 13.6 6223.7 5.1 2717.0 7.0 5.7
470 980 62811.4 6.5 6.454.8 52.6 31.7
9.4 15.1 21.70.2 2.8 8.8
35.7 32.3 46.67.9 1.7
.. .. 5.348.0 34.2 24.337.9 42.5 42.7
.. 18362 60 2713 9 8
732 732 26778 70 36
.. 4.0 3.3
.. 31.3 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
591 217 7,501–1.5 5.5 4.420.6 33.2 25.114.4 22.5 ..
.. .. ..
2.6 7.8 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
2.5 7.8 20.7–8.2 ..12.8 .. ..
.. 0 266.. .. .... .. .... ..
2.1 39.8 56.70.4 2.5 6.3
54 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Channel Islands
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.15 0.16 1,3980.08 0.08 689
.. .. 7.255,320 .. 38,301
0.5 .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9.. .... .. 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. .... .. 125.7.. .. 80.6
55The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Chile
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
16.1 17.8 1,3986.8 8.7 6898.0 6.4 7.2
6,340 14,910 38,3014.2 4.8 1.84.6 3.3 1.6
36.9 35.1 24.514.7 12.4 14.958.5 61.5 73.9
3.1 4.46.6 6.2 18.5
38.4 33.8 30.331.6 32.3 29.8
.. 4842 6 15
9 7 6316 291 179
17 15 13.. 3.2 2.0.. 22.3 13.2
28.7 98.42.6 8.0 6.4
9.0 ..7.6 ..
49.6 ..48.9 ..22.9 ..22.0 ..
5,848 18,670 ..5.6 8.5 1.7
21.2 22.0 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
47.7 51.9 ..7.1 8.0 8.00.9 2.1 3.3
76.3 109.4 142.5–0.8 2.52.7 4.2 ..
93 124 21,2871,804 3,743 336,7883,112 3,879 8,508
0.6 ..64.7 133.3 125.731.2 72.4 80.6
56 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
China
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1,303.7 1,364.3 2,361762.6 806.5 1,254
4.1 4.7 5.91,750 7,400 7,926
10.9 8.5 5.711.7 9.2 7.346.9 42.7 35.932.3 30.1 21.841.4 48.1 56.8
1.8 2.030.8 25.4 20.633.7 22.6 27.729.2 18.9 27.3
.. 84
.. 31 24
.. 11 7
.. 261 30923 21 21
.. 1.7 2.6
.. .. 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9 .. 0.9.. 10.9.. 57.7.. 22.1.. 6.9.. 53.4
37,487 20,446 305,9344.6 2.8 2.8
39.9 44.3 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. ..
44.7 45.2 49.24.4 7.2 10.08.6 1.2 4.0
112.7 141.9 106.81.6 4.73.3 2.9 6.2
1,349 3,357 7,77467,245 181,635 268,530
1,784 3,762 3,214.. 0.1
29.8 92.3 101.48.5 49.3 47.7
57The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Colombia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
43.3 47.8 2,36120.5 24.3 1,25412.0 10.1 5.9
2,920 7,970 7,9264.6 4.9 5.78.4 6.3 7.3
32.8 36.0 35.915.4 12.2 21.858.8 57.7 56.8
5.0 2.95.0 7.7 20.6
16.8 16.0 27.718.8 21.4 27.3
.. 5440 11 2411 8 7
456 239 30934 14 21
.. 1.7 2.6
.. 22.5 17.729.3 63.0
1.1 2.0 2.9
14.3 ..1.1 ..
55.1 ..55.7 ..26.4 ..
5.9 ..
14,073 20,584 305,934
7.0 4.3 2.819.7 25.5 30.9
.. .. ..
52.5 58.6 ..16.5 24.3 49.214.0 14.9 10.0
2.7 2.9 4.029.3 52.7 106.8
8.5 8.97.5 6.8 6.2
162 310 7,7741,236 3,128 268,530
896 1,177 3,2140.4 ..
50.6 113.1 101.411.0 52.6 47.7
58 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Comoros
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
0.62 0.77 6220.20 0.26 271
6.6 6.5 5.7620 790 6282.0 2.8 6.4
41.2 35.6 31.711.8 11.8 21.7
4.1 7.4 8.847.0 52.6 46.6
3.0 0.60.1 0.1 5.3
15.0 17.3 24.336.4 62.6 42.7
.. 15430 15 2710 8 8
100 100 26731 31 36
.. .. 3.3
.. 32.1 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 7,501
0.1 2.2 4.410.3 20.4 25.1
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
17.2 30.9 26.7.. 4.5 .... 2.5 ..
9.7 25.1 20.710.7 8.2
8.0 8.8 ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... .. .... ..
2.6 50.9 56.72.0 7.0 6.3
59The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Congo, Dem. Rep.
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
56.1 74.9 62221.6 29.0 271
8.2 8.0 5.7200 380 6285.1 7.7 6.4
22.4 21.2 31.733.0 33.2 21.720.0 17.8 8.844.6 45.7 46.621.3 1.6
.. .. 5.320.4 33.3 24.323.6 38.9 42.7
.. 184133 11 27
14 6 8308 346 267
46 44 36.. .. 3.3.. 27.5 18.3.. 1.8.. 0.1 0.6
6.3 4.764.4 53.982.4 78.4
5.8 8.720.5 16.0
4.3 13.3
1,017 992 7,501
1.4 –1.0 4.411.7 21.4 25.1
9.0 12.0 ..
.. .. ..
2.3 10.5 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
1.2 6.2 20.730.6 17.232.6 14.7 ..
.. 13 266.. .. ..
87 110 ..16.9 12.3
5.1 53.5 56.70.2 3.0 6.3
60 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Congo, Rep.
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.5 4.5 2,8781.4 1.8 1,1696.6 6.5 5.3
980 2,720 2,0184.0 4.7 5.74.5 4.8 16.6
71.9 69.4 31.14.0 4.7 16.8
23.6 25.7 51.93.1 0.12.2 2.0 11.5
84.2 73.0 25.754.5 70.3 29.5
.. 17637 53 2011 11 7
606 602 30750 50 25
.. 3.3 2.9
.. 0.0 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
1,222 112 138,62313.2 38.8 2.119.7 41.0 25.113.5 11.3 20.7
0.2 .. ..6.6 26.5 48.7
.. 4.5 10.6
.. 2.5 5.52.4 14.1 41.4
–3.0 ..12.8 .. 7.2
5 10 2,666.. 437 72,101
121 234 743.. ..
15.8 108.1 87.61.5 7.1 22.6
61The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Costa Rica
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
4.2 4.8 2,3611.9 2.3 1,2546.6 8.3 5.9
4,890 10,120 7,9265.1 4.4 5.79.0 5.6 7.3
29.1 25.0 35.921.7 16.4 21.861.9 69.4 56.813.8 4.538.0 43.3 20.648.5 35.1 27.754.0 37.2 27.3
.. 5877 24 2412 9 7
402 151 30936 14 21
.. 3.0 2.6
.. 19.3 17.733.9 3.811.8 1.1 2.9
9.6 ..0.0 ..
.. ..15.8 ..48.6 ..10.4 ..
821 1,388 305,9344.3 5.2 2.8
18.7 21.8 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. ..
22.3 23.4 49.213.1 9.7 10.0
1.4 1.6 4.035.6 55.1 106.812.7 9.714.5 11.6 6.2
36 50 7,774740 1,960 268,530
1,736 1,955 3,214.. ..
25.5 143.8 101.422.1 49.4 47.7
62 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Côte d’lvoire
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
18.1 22.2 2,8786.8 8.5 1,1694.1 4.0 5.3
940 1,450 2,0181.0 5.2 5.7
22.6 22.4 16.622.8 21.1 31.114.5 12.6 16.854.6 56.5 51.9
3.9 0.511.6 3.7 11.549.9 43.4 25.744.0 39.4 29.5
.. 14245 7 2011 4 7
270 270 30723 25 25
.. 2.2 2.9
.. 8.8 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
1,523 1,721 138,6232.0 1.3 2.19.2 16.1 25.16.6 9.9 20.7
.. .. ..
14.6 26.1 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
13.2 20.3 41.4.. .... .. 7.2
.. 4 2,666
710 783 72,101174 252 743
.. ..13.5 106.2 87.6
1.0 14.6 22.6
63The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Croatia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
4.4 4.2 1,3982.0 1.8 689
12.6 16.7 7.29,870 12,980 38,301
3.7 –1.2 1.85.0 4.3 1.6
29.0 28.8 24.515.6 14.5 14.966.0 66.8 73.9
3.3 –0.211.4 8.4 18.539.3 46.3 30.345.4 44.2 29.8
.. 4029 12 1511 7 6
232 206 17926 16 13
.. 3.1 2.0
.. 0.0 13.28.4 13.12.8 4.6 6.4
2.0 19.6
20.1 0.031.7 48.245.9 38.315.2 42.417.4 24.1
.. .. ..
4.0 6.9 1.725.4 19.1 20.419.9 15.4 ..
.. .. 65.7
53.1 64.3 ..10.1 14.0 8.0
6.2 16.7 3.351.9 69.5 142.5
7.5 8.49.5 7.7 ..
22 25 21,28794 177 336,788
3,476 3,754 8,5080.5 1.0
83.2 104.4 125.733.1 68.6 80.6
64 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Cuba
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
11.3 11.4 2,3614.8 5.4 1,2541.9 3.3 5.9
3,960 5,880 7,9266.4 2.8 5.75.6 5.0 7.3
19.4 20.5 35.99.5 10.7 21.8
75.0 74.5 56.8.. ..
18.3 .. 20.621.0 24.1 27.718.3 20.2 27.3
.. ..
.. .. 24
.. .. 7
.. .. 309
.. .. 21
.. .. 2.6
.. .. 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
60 .. 305,934.. .. 2.8
9.0 .. 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0.. .. 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
11 15 7,774320 301 268,530
1,155 1,425 3,214.. ..
1.2 22.5 101.49.7 30.0 47.7
65The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Curaçao
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.14 0.16 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9.. .... .. 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788
7,613 5,006 8,508.. .... 121.6 125.7.. .. 80.6
66 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Cyprus
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
1.0 1.2 1,3980.52 0.61 689
5.3 15.6 7.223,580 26,370 38,301
3.6 –1.9 1.82.7 2.4 1.6
20.2 10.6 24.57.7 5.0 14.9
77.2 87.1 73.92.6 –1.4
17.0 6.2 18.556.2 55.4 30.356.7 52.7 29.8
.. 47
.. 8 15
.. 6 6
.. 146 179
.. 7 13
.. 1.5 2.0
.. 9.3 13.214.5 11.220.2 13.7 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
6.4 3.7 1.721.5 10.8 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 145.8 65.7
201.8 53.6 .... 10.3 8.0.. 44.9 3.3
270.1 251.5 142.54.0 ..3.3 .. ..
17 9 21,287377 291 336,788
4,080 3,595 8,508.. ..
75.8 96.3 125.732.8 69.3 80.6
67The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Czech Republic
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
10.2 10.5 1,3985.2 5.3 6897.9 6.2 7.2
12,380 18,350 38,3014.1 0.7 1.82.4 2.7 1.6
37.7 38.0 24.525.5 26.6 14.959.8 59.3 73.9
1.8 0.313.0 14.9 18.562.3 83.8 30.360.0 77.1 29.8
.. 3640 15 1510 8 6
930 405 17917 17 13
.. 2.1 2.0
.. 9.5 13.214.1 24.4
1.9 3.4 6.4
1.9 13.936.0 0.4
.. 36.028.2 45.515.4 57.815.9 40.9
.. .. ..
8.5 2.4 1.728.3 25.0 20.4
.. .. ..
21.1 40.8 65.747.5 68.0 ..
5.0 7.3 8.03.9 5.6 3.3
29.5 50.4 142.55.7 2.14.6 3.9 ..
75 49 21,287.. .. 336,788
6,357 6,285 8,508.. 0.4
115.1 129.5 125.735.3 79.7 80.6
68 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Denmark
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
5.4 5.6 1,3982.9 2.9 6894.8 6.6 7.2
49,620 61,330 38,3011.2 0.4 1.81.3 1.4 1.6
26.2 22.5 24.514.4 13.9 14.972.4 76.2 73.9
1.8 0.619.6 14.4 18.547.4 53.7 30.341.8 48.3 29.8
.. 36 3 154 4 6
135 130 1796 6 13.. 1.0 2.0.. 18.7 13.2
18.6 15.85.2 4.4 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
4.9 –0.2 1.721.1 18.7 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 46.6 65.7
46.9 55.0 ..4.9 7.3 8.00.2 4.4 3.3
157.5 178.7 142.54.6 ..4.7 .. ..
13 .. 21,287914 918 336,788
6,659 6,040 8,508.. ..
100.6 125.9 125.782.7 96.0 80.6
69The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
Djibouti
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
0.78 0.88 2,8780.24 0.31 1,169
.. .. 5.31,030 .. 2,018
4.0 4.8 5.73.5 .. 16.6
16.6 .. 31.12.6 .. 16.8
79.9 .. 51.93.1 2.9
.. .. 11.540.6 .. 25.751.0 .. 29.5
.. 17144 14 2011 7 766 82 30727 20 25
.. 2.3 2.9
.. 17.7 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. 5.3.. 3.4.. 22.2.. 25.2.. 34.1.. 17.3
396 .. 138,6233.1 9.6 2.1
19.0 .. 25.19.7 .. 20.7
.. .. ..
67.0 73.5 48.7.. .. 10.6.. 18.0 5.5
20.1 30.9 41.48.0 9.4
10.6 11.5 7.2
.. .. 2,666
295 773 72,101.. .. 743.. 1.6
5.7 32.4 87.61.0 10.7 22.6
70 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Dominica
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.07 0.07 2,361.. .. 1,254.. .. 5.9
5,140 6,930 7,9263.1 0.5 5.7
13.3 15.9 7.315.1 14.8 35.9
4.6 3.6 21.871.6 69.3 56.8
1.7 0.87.5 8.8 20.6
34.9 34.1 27.753.0 47.6 27.3
.. 9114 12 24
5 5 7147 117 309
16 13 21.. 4.0 2.6.. 26.1 17.7
0.2 ..3.5 .. 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
5 .. 305,934
5.2 7.8 2.819.8 14.9 30.9
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
71.5 93.1 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
47.8 53.3 106.811.1 9.4
6.8 6.1 6.2
.. .. 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
73.7 127.5 101.438.5 62.9 47.7
71The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Dominican Republic
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
9.2 10.4 2,3614.0 4.7 1,254
18.0 15.0 5.92,910 6,040 7,926
5.1 4.6 5.77.5 6.2 7.3
29.6 26.9 35.922.9 15.6 21.863.0 66.9 56.8
4.2 3.08.4 3.7 20.6
30.0 25.7 27.735.5 30.6 27.3
.. 9376 15 24
9 7 7232 316 309
17 8 21.. 3.5 2.6.. 22.6 17.7.. 8.1.. 1.2 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
1,262 1,160 305,9343.3 3.7 2.8
16.4 20.6 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. ..
19.8 21.7 49.29.5 9.1 10.05.9 1.5 4.0
20.9 26.5 106.820.9 12.310.2 7.2 6.2
.. 2 7,774
598 1,795 268,5301,216 1,517 3,214
.. ..38.8 78.9 101.411.5 49.6 47.7
72 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Ecuador
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
13.7 15.9 2,3616.5 7.7 1,2546.6 4.6 5.9
2,900 6,090 7,9264.5 5.3 5.7
10.0 9.1 7.333.4 39.1 35.915.0 14.5 21.856.6 51.8 56.8
2.4 3.67.7 4.8 20.6
27.6 28.6 27.728.5 30.1 27.3
.. 11769 51 2414 12 7
600 654 30922 19 21
.. 5.3 2.6
.. 16.1 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9
17.3 ..11.3 ..65.4 ..41.9 ..23.3 ..18.2 ..
3,644 2,034 305,9341.2 0.8 2.8
20.4 27.6 30.915.7 13.1 ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2
8.5 8.6 10.05.5 3.2 4.0
20.7 27.4 106.81.8 ..6.0 .. 6.2
30 56 7,774633 1,787 268,530800 1,333 3,2141.6 ..
45.3 103.9 101.46.0 43.0 47.7
73The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
Egypt, Arab Rep.
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
74.9 89.6 2,87823.9 29.6 1,16911.2 13.2 5.3
1,240 3,210 2,0184.9 2.5 5.7
14.9 11.1 16.636.3 39.0 31.117.8 16.4 16.848.8 49.9 51.9
4.9 10.10.4 1.3 11.5
30.3 14.4 25.732.6 23.0 29.5
.. 13122 8 2010 7 7
504 392 30727 12 25
.. 2.5 2.9
.. 16.3 15.83.9 ..0.1 .. 1.7
.. 3.1
23.8 9.4.. 47.9
9.8 6.3133.9 75.7
20.0 8.6
15,519 4,641 138,623
6.0 1.6 2.117.9 12.6 25.1
8.6 7.4 20.7
85.8 .. ..84.3 63.2 48.7
5.0 6.5 10.626.5 8.9 5.551.2 25.9 41.4
6.5 0.25.9 4.8 7.2
45 91 2,6664,031 8,811 72,1011,272 1,697 743
.. 16.319.0 114.3 87.612.8 31.7 22.6
74 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
El Salvador
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
5.9 6.1 2,8782.4 2.7 1,1697.2 6.2 5.3
2,870 3,920 2,0182.4 1.9 5.7
10.6 11.4 16.629.9 26.8 31.123.1 20.6 16.859.5 61.7 51.9
4.7 1.14.4 4.8 11.5
25.6 25.8 25.744.2 43.5 29.5
.. 8640 17 2012 8 7
320 312 30722 13 25
.. 3.5 2.9
.. 20.1 15.81.7 2.10.5 0.5 1.7
9.2 ..2.6 ..
73.8 ..39.0 ..22.1 ..11.0 ..
1,207 774 138,6233.0 1.9 2.1
15.3 13.6 25.112.9 11.4 20.7
48.3 55.9 .... .. 48.7
11.1 14.0 10.61.9 2.3 5.5
42.9 43.9 41.4.. .... .. 7.2
24 34 2,666144 190 72,101769 915 7431.6 ..
39.7 144.0 87.64.2 29.7 22.6
75The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa High income
Equatorial Guinea
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.63 0.82 1,3980.32 0.43 689
6.8 7.9 7.24,660 10,210 38,301
17.7 –0.3 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9
5.6 4.8.. .. 18.5
87.4 95.6 30.343.6 67.1 29.8
.. 180177 135 15
18 18 6492 492 179
29 29 13.. .. 2.0.. 20.7 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
9.4 12.4 1.738.8 47.8 20.428.5 21.1 ..
.. .. 65.7
5.1 16.6 .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3
2.1 12.6 142.5–26.1 ..12.8 .. ..
.. 14 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
16.1 66.4 125.71.1 18.9 80.6
76 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Eritrea
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
4.2 5.1 6222.0 2.5 2717.5 7.2 5.7
260 480 6280.2 .. 6.4
24.2 .. 31.721.9 .. 21.7
7.3 .. 8.853.9 .. 46.6
.. ..18.2 .. 5.3
6.2 14.4 24.354.9 23.2 42.7
.. 18976 84 2713 13 8
216 216 26759 50 36
.. .. 3.3
.. 9.2 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 7,501
0.1 1.5 4.420.3 10.0 25.1
2.5 1.9 ..
.. .. ..
107.3 89.7 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
27.6 13.9 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. .. 266.. .. ..
58 62 .... ..
0.8 6.4 56.70.4 1.0 6.3
77The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Estonia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
1.4 1.3 1,3980.68 0.69 689
7.9 7.7 7.29,710 19,010 38,301
5.2 4.2 1.83.5 3.4 1.6
29.8 28.1 24.516.6 15.7 14.966.7 68.4 73.9
4.1 –0.114.7 11.5 18.565.9 83.9 30.371.0 80.5 29.8
.. 1635 4 15
6 3 681 81 179
6 6 13.. 3.0 2.0.. 8.4 13.2
6.2 13.96.8 16.1 6.4
2.1 6.6
13.7 0.0.. 35.7
21.6 23.67.2 15.3
12.9 28.7
.. .. ..
22.3 5.9 1.732.9 25.2 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 0.6 65.7
42.5 .. ..8.4 11.6 8.00.2 1.4 3.33.6 4.3 142.5
–1.1 2.72.8 4.3 ..
8 13 21,287
181 198 336,7885,532 6,665 8,508
.. 0.6109.1 160.7 125.7
61.5 84.2 80.6
78 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Ethiopia
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
76.6 97.0 62234.9 47.0 271
5.4 5.2 5.7160 550 6288.5 10.5 6.4
44.7 41.9 31.712.8 14.7 21.7
5.3 4.3 8.842.5 43.4 46.612.9 7.4
1.5 8.1 5.3.. 11.6 24.3.. 29.1 42.7
.. 146
35 19 2711 11 8
212 306 26747 44 36
.. 3.0 3.3
.. 25.7 18.30.8 ..0.0 .. 0.6
3.8 11.94.3 17.4
.. 23.140.7 16.444.2 194.3
4.2 4.3
4 .. 7,501
2.1 2.2 4.4.. 38.0 25.1.. 21.5 ..
.. .. ..
35.2 .. 26.7.. .. ..
19.9 .. ..22.8 .. 20.7–2.6 ..3.5 .. ..
31 69 266.. .. ..
33 65 ..1.7 8.20.5 31.6 56.70.2 2.9 6.3
79The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Faroe Islands
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.05 0.05 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5
6.0 5.9 14.956.4 58.6 73.9
.. ..0.1 .. 18.5
42.5 50.6 30.352.5 57.1 29.8
.. ..
.. .. 15
.. .. 6
.. .. 179
.. .. 13
.. .. 2.0
.. .. 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
85.5 124.1 125.767.9 94.7 80.6
80 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Fiji
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.82 0.89 2,3610.32 0.35 1,254
4.6 7.9 5.93,590 4,870 7,926
1.6 2.3 5.714.1 11.2 7.319.2 18.7 35.914.2 13.2 21.866.8 70.1 56.8
2.4 0.53.1 2.1 20.6
53.1 54.8 27.765.1 62.8 27.3
.. 8844 58 24
8 11 7140 195 309
25 19 21.. 1.8 2.6.. 20.6 17.7.. .... .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
189 67 305,9345.3 6.2 2.8
21.0 .. 30.917.9 .. ..
.. .. ..
48.1 66.7 49.2.. 8.7 10.0.. 2.2 4.0
68.7 77.8 106.80.0 2.25.0 3.9 6.2
42 18 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
24.9 98.8 101.48.5 41.8 47.7
81The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Finland
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
5.2 5.5 1,3982.6 2.7 6898.4 8.6 7.2
40,100 48,440 38,3012.4 0.3 1.82.6 2.8 1.6
33.5 26.5 24.524.3 16.7 14.963.8 70.6 73.9
0.9 1.025.1 7.9 18.540.3 37.9 30.336.4 38.7 29.8
.. 1014 14 15
3 3 6269 93 179
9 9 13.. 0.9 2.0.. 11.8 13.2
8.4 12.02.4 3.4 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
5.3 5.4 1.723.0 20.3 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 53.7 65.7.. .. ..
9.4 4.3 8.00.3 0.5 3.3
69.4 93.7 142.53.1 ..2.7 .. ..
107 137 21,2871,312 1,716 336,788
16,116 15,510 8,508.. ..
100.5 139.7 125.774.5 92.4 80.6
82 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
France
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
63.2 66.2 1,39828.8 30.1 689
8.9 9.9 7.236,000 42,950 38,301
1.5 1.0 1.81.9 1.7 1.6
21.5 19.4 24.513.3 11.2 14.976.6 78.9 73.9
1.7 0.520.3 26.1 18.526.4 28.7 30.326.8 30.5 29.8
.. 277 4 155 5 6
132 137 17919 10 13
.. 1.9 2.0
.. 0.5 13.2117.3 94.9
2.9 2.3 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
3.9 0.3 1.721.7 21.7 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 88.5 65.7.. .. ..
5.4 5.3 8.03.5 4.2 3.3
79.9 94.9 142.54.9 ..4.4 .. ..
728 610 21,2874,001 6,646 336,7887,656 7,379 8,508
.. ..78.3 101.2 125.742.9 83.8 80.6
83The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
French Polynesia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.25 0.28 1,3980.10 0.12 689
.. .. 7.2
.. .. 38,301
.. .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..13.2 14.8 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287
70 89 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
47.1 91.2 125.721.5 60.7 80.6
84 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
Gabon
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1.4 1.7 2,3610.50 0.65 1,25420.9 19.7 5.9
5,580 9,720 7,9261.0 6.2 5.75.1 3.9 7.3
61.5 57.5 35.92.5 3.1 21.8
30.2 38.6 56.83.7 4.7
10.9 .. 20.660.7 54.2 27.724.0 30.1 27.3
.. 16257 50 24
8 7 7488 488 309
19 20 21.. 5.0 2.6.. 20.9 17.7
2.6 ..3.4 .. 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
499 83 305,9343.4 5.4 2.8
19.8 26.6 30.916.3 19.8 ..
.. .. ..
12.1 18.9 49.211.1 9.2 10.014.1 3.5 4.0
8.6 14.5 106.80.4 ..
12.8 .. 6.2
9 0 7,774.. 198 268,530
933 1,168 3,214.. ..
53.4 171.4 101.44.9 9.8 47.7
85The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Gambia, The
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
1.4 1.9 6220.60 0.80 271
7.2 7.0 5.7400 460 6283.2 2.6 6.4
29.7 21.4 31.715.4 15.9 21.7
7.3 5.8 8.854.9 62.8 46.6
4.8 5.90.3 0.0 5.3
20.7 29.2 24.349.6 40.9 42.7
.. 15128 25 27
8 7 8376 326 267
23 19 36.. 2.0 3.3.. 6.1 18.3.. .... .. 0.6
7.3 ..13.6 ..60.3 ..14.3 ..63.9 ..22.2 ..
35 .. 7,5018.6 3.3 4.4
29.5 21.2 25.1.. .. ..
.. .. ..
25.9 45.0 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
9.6 12.8 20.730.2 18.617.6 12.0 ..
.. 2 266.. .. .... .. ..
21.0 ..17.2 119.6 56.7
3.8 15.6 6.3
86 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Georgia
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
4.2 3.7 2,8782.2 2.0 1,169
13.8 13.4 5.31,410 4,490 2,018
7.4 5.6 5.716.7 9.2 16.626.8 24.4 31.113.7 13.4 16.856.5 66.4 51.9
8.2 3.122.6 3.0 11.533.7 42.9 25.751.6 60.4 29.5
.. 2421 2 20
8 2 7448 362 307
54 9 25.. 2.0 2.9.. 14.3 15.8
4.0 17.11.4 5.7 1.7
3.9 0.9
39.8 0.2.. 54.1
27.8 27.6.. 8.7
17.5 7.7
2,548 942 138,623
7.1 10.0 2.128.1 25.8 25.122.2 25.2 20.7
40.9 32.5 ..10.5 31.7 48.718.8 17.4 10.6
1.2 3.0 5.514.7 45.2 41.4
8.9 7.810.1 3.5 7.2
5 3 2,666
185 291 72,1011,785 2,460 743
.. 1.026.2 124.9 87.6
6.1 48.9 22.6
87The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Germany
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
82.5 81.0 1,39841.3 42.2 68911.1 5.0 7.2
35,880 47,590 38,3011.0 1.8 1.80.8 0.7 1.6
29.4 30.3 24.522.4 22.6 14.969.8 69.0 73.9
1.5 0.917.4 16.0 18.537.7 45.7 30.332.7 39.0 29.8
.. 1522 11 15
9 9 6196 218 179
8 9 13.. 1.2 2.0.. 23.2 13.2
66.9 68.51.2 1.3 6.4
1.2 ..
14.8 .... ..
42.2 ..3.2 ..
.. ..
.. .. ..
2.1 0.2 1.719.1 20.1 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 52.3 65.7.. .. ..
4.1 5.6 8.04.1 2.3 3.3
104.9 79.6 142.58.2 ..7.0 .. ..
1,024 913 21,28713,599 19,685 336,788
7,138 7,019 8,508.. ..
94.6 120.4 125.768.7 86.2 80.6
88 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Ghana
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
21.4 26.8 2,8788.9 11.4 1,1693.8 2.4 5.3
470 1,590 2,0185.7 8.9 5.7
40.9 22.4 16.627.5 27.7 31.1
9.5 5.1 16.831.6 49.9 51.915.1 15.5
0.2 4.9 11.536.4 39.5 25.761.7 48.9 29.5
.. 11417 14 2011 8 7
304 224 30747 19 25
.. 1.9 2.9
.. 18.0 15.87.3 13.20.6 0.9 1.7
3.2 4.0
18.1 11.469.1 69.421.4 25.324.4 44.7
6.7 9.2
3,698 3,147 138,623
1.4 8.7 2.129.0 26.2 25.117.0 19.6 20.7
.. .. ..
23.7 15.8 48.710.3 14.3 10.613.0 11.3 5.515.5 19.9 41.4
.. ..
.. .. 7.2
3 17 2,666
544 834 72,101248 382 7439.5 8.4
13.4 114.8 87.61.8 18.9 22.6
89The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Greece
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
11.0 10.9 1,3985.0 4.9 6899.8 26.3 7.2
22,730 22,810 38,3013.1 –5.4 1.84.8 3.8 1.6
19.8 15.8 24.59.6 9.4 14.9
75.4 80.4 73.93.5 –1.3
10.6 10.3 18.521.3 32.7 30.329.6 35.2 29.8
.. 6038 13 1515 5 6
264 193 17920 15 13
.. 3.5 2.0
.. 19.7 13.25.2 5.80.7 0.8 6.4
1.8 ..
55.9 .... ..
26.2 ..7.0 ..
11.7 ..
.. .. ..
0.3 0.7 1.720.8 11.6 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 181.9 65.7.. .. ..
7.0 8.1 8.06.3 33.8 3.3
72.0 116.9 142.53.2 ..4.3 .. ..
131 110 21,2871,779 3,930 336,7885,297 5,029 8,508
.. ..92.9 110.3 125.724.0 63.2 80.6
90 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Greenland
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.06 0.06 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
29,970 .. 38,3011.7 .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..7.4 4.4 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
81.6 106.4 125.757.7 66.7 80.6
91The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Grenada
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.10 0.11 2,361.. .. 1,254.. .. 5.9
6,760 7,910 7,9263.1 1.1 5.73.4 7.1 7.3
26.5 14.3 35.93.4 4.0 21.8
70.1 78.6 56.83.5 –0.90.1 .. 20.6
21.4 26.1 27.757.0 43.5 27.3
.. 13520 15 24
6 6 7140 140 309
19 9 21.. .. 2.6.. 27.6 17.7.. 0.1.. 2.0 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
32 .. 305,93410.1 4.4 2.846.3 16.9 30.9
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
80.2 83.3 49.2.. 9.2 10.0.. 14.6 4.0
58.0 65.2 106.87.4 6.67.2 6.8 6.2
.. .. 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
45.5 110.2 101.420.5 37.4 47.7
92 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Guam
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.16 0.17 1,3980.07 0.08 689
.. .. 7.2
.. .. 38,301
.. .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287
165 236 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
61.9 .. 125.738.6 69.3 80.6
93The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
Guatemala
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
13.2 16.0 2,8785.0 6.8 1,1692.4 2.9 5.3
1,990 3,430 2,0183.7 3.6 5.7
13.4 11.5 16.629.3 29.0 31.120.2 19.9 16.857.3 59.5 51.9
9.1 3.43.4 5.0 11.5
25.1 23.1 25.741.0 33.2 29.5
.. 8139 19 2015 6 7
344 256 30718 17 25
.. 3.0 2.9
.. 22.5 15.84.2 4.30.6 0.5 1.7
9.2 ..3.8 ..
65.8 ..22.8 ..35.3 ..
8.0 ..
2,921 2,042 138,623
2.0 2.0 2.118.3 13.8 25.113.7 10.9 20.7
21.3 24.3 ..36.9 40.5 48.7
8.4 6.9 10.62.4 1.3 5.5
25.4 32.9 41.47.0 10.38.7 8.3 7.2
.. 10 2,666
776 1,273 72,101477 555 7431.2 ..
35.6 106.6 87.65.7 23.4 22.6
94 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Guinea
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
9.7 12.3 6223.8 5.1 2712.0 1.8 5.7
340 470 6282.7 2.8 6.4
24.2 20.1 31.734.8 37.6 21.7
6.6 6.6 8.841.1 42.3 46.631.4 9.7
0.2 4.9 5.334.8 27.6 24.335.1 53.0 42.7
.. 16540 8 2712 6 8
416 440 26734 36 36
.. 3.8 3.3
.. 0.0 18.3
.. 0.8
.. 0.1 0.6
2.6 ..57.3 ..62.8 ..
2.6 ..16.1 ..
5.2 ..
505 684 7,5013.6 8.5 4.4
18.6 14.0 25.115.8 10.4 ..
.. .. ..
11.2 23.6 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
5.7 9.1 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... .. ..
31.5 ..2.0 72.1 56.70.5 1.7 6.3
95The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Guinea-Bissau
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
1.5 1.8 6220.61 0.78 271
6.8 6.9 5.7390 550 6282.4 2.5 6.4
45.6 43.9 31.714.5 13.6 21.7
.. .. 8.839.9 42.5 46.6
3.3 –1.53.9 .. 5.3
19.9 16.4 24.328.6 23.5 42.7
.. 178259 9 27
17 9 8208 208 267
27 25 36.. .. 3.3.. 15.1 18.3.. .... .. 0.6
2.9 ..22.7 ..53.7 ..
1.1 ..20.5 ..
8.4 ..
108 39 7,5011.5 2.1 4.44.3 6.9 25.1
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
3.8 18.3 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
1.1 12.1 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... .. ..
5.2 ..7.0 63.5 56.71.9 3.3 6.3
96 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
Guyana
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.74 0.76 2,8780.28 0.33 1,16912.6 11.1 5.3
1,060 3,940 2,0182.3 5.0 5.7
34.6 18.3 16.620.0 35.3 31.1
3.7 6.5 16.845.4 46.4 51.9
6.9 0.90.2 0.2 11.5
84.6 51.1 25.7119.2 80.8 29.5
.. 13742 18 20
8 7 7288 256 307
21 19 25.. 3.0 2.9.. 21.3 15.8.. .... .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
26 .. 138,6239.3 7.7 2.1
24.8 19.3 25.119.0 7.8 20.7
.. .. ..
84.7 55.5 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
57.1 48.9 41.46.2 13.6
12.0 11.8 7.2
.. 1 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
37.0 70.5 87.613.8 37.4 22.6
97The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Low income
Haiti
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
9.3 10.6 6223.7 4.6 2717.4 6.8 5.7
420 820 6280.7 2.5 6.4
.. .. 31.7
.. .. 21.7
.. .. 8.8
.. .. 46.615.7 4.6
.. .. 5.314.0 18.7 24.342.9 53.1 42.7
.. 182202 97 27
13 12 8184 184 267
44 28 36.. .. 3.3.. 23.8 18.3
0.1 0.40.0 0.1 0.6
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
364 57 7,5010.6 1.1 4.4
.. .. 25.1
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
34.5 37.3 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
14.5 19.9 20.74.0 6.7
17.6 8.2 ..
.. .. 266.. .. ..
37 49 .... ..
5.4 64.7 56.76.4 11.4 6.3
98 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
Honduras
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
6.9 8.0 2,8782.5 3.4 1,1694.2 3.9 5.3
1,390 2,270 2,0184.9 3.5 5.7
13.7 13.8 16.628.7 26.4 31.120.9 18.5 16.857.6 59.8 51.9
8.8 6.16.3 2.4 11.5
59.0 46.9 25.777.5 65.7 29.5
.. 11069 14 2012 12 7
424 224 30719 12 25
.. 3.8 2.9
.. 31.1 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7
4.5 ..6.1 ..
71.0 ..36.0 ..27.6 ..16.5 ..
1,292 3,347 138,6236.2 6.7 2.1
24.9 22.3 25.120.4 19.4 20.7
.. .. ..
42.6 49.6 48.79.6 10.9 10.66.6 3.3 5.5
38.3 55.3 41.410.8 14.3
7.9 9.8 7.2
.. 24 2,666
553 705 72,101622 721 7431.9 ..
18.6 93.5 87.66.5 19.1 22.6
99The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Hong Kong SAR, China
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
6.8 7.2 1,3983.6 3.7 6895.6 3.2 7.2
28,890 40,320 38,3014.8 3.5 1.80.1 0.1 1.68.7 7.3 24.52.9 1.3 14.9
91.3 92.7 73.90.9 4.4
15.6 42.9 18.5194.7 219.6 30.3182.4 219.6 29.8
.. 511 2 15
5 2 680 74 17914 6 13
.. 0.8 2.0
.. 17.5 13.273.4 167.314.6 31.3 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
22.6 39.9 1.721.4 23.7 20.4
.. .. ..
31.6 .. 65.7
241.7 347.4 ..13.0 9.0 8.0
1.4 0.5 3.3143.1 233.7 142.5
7.9 2.06.5 5.0 ..
123 213 21,28722,602 22,300 336,788
5,878 5,934 8,508.. ..
123.9 233.6 125.756.9 74.6 80.6
100 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Hungary
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
10.1 9.9 1,3984.3 4.4 6897.2 7.8 7.2
10,430 13,340 38,3012.8 1.0 1.84.3 4.5 1.6
31.4 31.2 24.522.0 23.5 14.964.3 64.4 73.9
3.6 –0.225.8 13.7 18.562.8 89.3 30.365.1 82.0 29.8
.. 4238 5 15
6 4 6340 277 179
16 17 13.. 2.0 2.0.. 11.8 13.2
21.7 24.53.1 3.7 6.4
4.0 11.3
24.2 0.0.. 12.9
41.8 25.39.8 23.6
27.4 48.8
.. .. ..
7.6 9.0 1.723.9 21.7 20.4
.. .. ..
65.3 94.5 65.742.7 46.8 ..
8.3 9.1 8.02.3 15.6 3.3
43.5 43.5 142.56.0 1.23.4 3.0 ..
47 124 21,287.. .. 336,788
3,771 3,890 8,508.. 0.3
92.3 118.1 125.739.0 76.1 80.6
101The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Iceland
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.30 0.33 1,3980.17 0.19 689
2.6 5.0 7.250,730 46,350 38,301
4.3 1.4 1.85.8 6.9 1.6
25.3 23.6 24.510.6 12.8 14.968.9 69.4 73.9
4.0 2.034.0 16.9 18.530.5 53.6 30.342.4 47.4 29.8
.. 195 4 155 5 6
140 140 17910 10 13
.. 1.0 2.0
.. 9.1 13.22.9 2.1
14.9 9.5 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
15.8 4.4 1.729.4 16.7 20.4
.. .. ..
38.3 103.2 65.766.1 79.8 ..
7.3 24.0 8.01.1 4.3 3.3
241.0 98.8 142.510.9 3.6
7.2 .. ..
12 27 21,287
292 236 336,78827,988 54,799 8,508
.. ..95.4 111.1 125.787.0 98.2 80.6
102 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Lower middle income
India
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1,144.3 1,295.3 2,878467.6 497.0 1,169
4.4 3.6 5.3730 1,570 2,0187.6 6.9 5.7
18.8 17.8 16.628.1 30.1 31.115.4 17.1 16.853.1 52.1 51.9
4.2 6.45.8 8.6 11.5
19.3 23.2 25.722.0 25.5 29.5
.. 130
.. 29 20
.. 13 7
.. 243 30727 17 25
.. 4.3 2.9
.. .. 15.838.1 98.0
0.1 0.1 1.7
6.7 1.952.3 15.3
.. 50.136.4 36.429.5 21.922.5 27.5
192,009 102,037 138,6230.9 1.7 2.1
30.3 28.7 25.123.0 25.6 20.7
61.2 50.3 ..53.7 66.8 48.7
6.6 7.1 10.65.2 4.3 5.5
39.4 51.6 41.46.2 7.0
.. .. 7.2
330 720 2,666
4,982 11,656 72,101469 765 743
.. 13.88.0 74.5 87.62.4 18.0 22.6
103The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Indonesia
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
226.3 254.5 2,878107.4 124.1 1,169
11.2 6.2 5.31,220 3,630 2,018
5.3 5.8 5.713.1 13.4 16.646.5 41.9 31.127.4 21.0 16.840.3 42.2 51.910.5 6.416.5 7.0 11.534.1 23.7 25.729.9 24.5 29.5
.. 109
.. 48 20
.. 13 7
.. 234 30722 17 25
.. 1.9 2.9
.. .. 15.823.3 47.5
0.2 0.3 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
22,282 15,700 138,6232.9 3.0 2.1
23.6 32.6 25.1.. .. 20.7
29.7 25.0 ..38.8 35.4 48.7
8.7 12.8 10.67.3 2.1 5.5
26.4 36.5 41.4-0.2 6.86.0 3.9 7.2
321 704 2,6665,503 11,901 72,101
501 788 743.. ..
20.9 128.8 87.63.6 17.1 22.6
104 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Iran, Islamic Rep.
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
70.1 78.1 2,36124.7 27.1 1,25412.1 12.8 5.9
2,910 7,120 7,9265.5 0.2 5.76.6 9.3 7.3
46.9 38.2 35.913.5 11.8 21.846.5 52.4 56.813.4 17.2
2.5 4.1 20.631.2 24.2 27.724.8 18.9 27.3
.. 11830 15 24
9 8 7344 344 309
26 25 21.. 4.5 2.6.. 17.8 17.7.. .... .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
2,500 1,398 305,9341.3 0.5 2.8
28.7 26.2 30.918.9 3.4 ..
.. .. ..
40.3 64.6 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
39.5 54.4 106.8-2.9 1.64.2 -2.9 6.2
121 155 7,7741,326 3,179 268,5302,069 2,899 3,214
.. ..12.1 87.8 101.4
8.1 39.4 47.7
105The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Iraq
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
27.0 34.8 2,361
6.5 8.7 1,25418.0 16.4 5.9
2,020 6,530 7,9263.9 7.3 5.7
.. .. 7.3
.. .. 35.9
.. .. 21.8
.. .. 56.837.0 2.2
0.1 .. 20.654.3 41.5 27.761.4 22.3 27.3
.. 16132 29 2411 10 7
312 312 309102 80 21
.. .. 2.6
.. 14.3 17.77.8 2.30.5 0.1 2.9
.. 6.5.. 29.2.. 49.3.. 4.6.. 19.6.. 4.2
7,422 2,883 305,9341.0 2.1 2.8
13.8 22.4 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. ..
7.4 21.7 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
1.6 7.0 106.8-14.1 13.0
7.1 7.4 6.2
.. 4 7,774.. .. 268,530
834 1,798 3,214.. 40.9
5.6 94.9 101.40.9 11.3 47.7
106 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Ireland
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
4.2 4.6 1,3982.1 2.2 6894.3 11.6 7.2
44,500 46,520 38,3014.0 1.7 1.81.2 1.6 1.6
34.5 25.6 24.522.4 19.7 14.964.4 72.8 73.9
2.4 0.234.7 21.3 18.579.7 113.7 30.368.8 95.4 29.8
.. 1718 6 15
4 4 676 82 179
8 8 13.. 0.4 2.0.. 12.4 13.2
17.0 17.66.0 5.8 6.4
2.3 ..
11.0 .... ..
46.1 ..28.3 ..17.2 ..
.. .. ..
22.2 34.6 1.729.9 19.3 20.4
.. .. ..
30.8 133.0 65.7
.. .. ..4.3 12.7 8.00.5 20.7 3.3
124.9 83.2 142.50.3 ..2.6 .. ..
304 666 21,287973 835 336,788
6,242 5,702 8,508.. ..
102.7 105.1 125.741.6 79.7 80.6
107The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Isle of Man
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.08 0.09 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
38,690 .. 38,3016.2 .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2
2.7 2.354.4 45.3 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. .... .. 125.7.. .. 80.6
108 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Israel
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
6.9 8.2 1,3982.8 3.7 6899.0 6.1 7.2
21,220 35,320 38,3013.5 3.8 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.91.3 0.5
14.0 16.0 18.540.8 32.3 30.340.7 30.6 29.8
.. 5319 13 15
5 5 6230 235 179
12 10 13.. 2.0 2.0.. 23.6 13.2
14.4 15.73.3 3.1 6.4
.. 4.3.. 0.0.. 17.4.. 34.3.. 55.3.. 33.0
.. .. ..
3.4 2.2 1.718.9 19.4 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
83.4 72.6 ..8.3 7.1 8.02.3 2.2 3.3
77.0 66.9 142.55.5 2.93.5 3.1 ..
34 61 21,2871,712 2,446 336,7886,572 6,559 8,508
.. 0.1117.5 121.5 125.7
25.2 71.5 80.6
109The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Italy
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
58.0 60.8 1,39824.4 25.8 689
7.7 12.5 7.232,390 34,580 38,301
0.6 -0.8 1.82.2 2.2 1.6
25.8 23.5 24.517.2 15.4 14.971.9 74.3 73.9
2.0 0.28.0 7.2 18.5
24.6 29.6 30.324.8 26.5 29.8
.. 4513 6 15
9 5 6340 269 179
20 19 13.. 1.8 2.0.. 19.5 13.2
84.1 91.92.2 2.3 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
1.1 0.6 1.721.1 16.6 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 134.7 65.7.. .. ..
4.6 5.9 8.07.0 17.3 3.3
71.0 89.4 142.53.4 4.04.9 .. ..
446 243 21,2879,857 11,313 336,7885,731 5,159 8,508
.. ..121.9 154.3 125.7
35.0 62.0 80.6
110 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Jamaica
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
2.6 2.7 2,3611.2 1.3 1,254
10.9 13.2 5.93,920 5,150 7,926
1.3 0.2 5.75.9 7.0 7.3
25.1 21.5 35.98.9 9.5 21.8
69.0 71.5 56.815.3 8.3
0.1 0.6 20.635.3 31.2 27.755.2 53.4 27.3
.. 648 3 246 2 7
414 358 30919 20 21
.. 1.1 2.6
.. 14.8 17.71.7 1.81.0 1.0 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
368 1,102 305,9345.7 4.3 2.8
26.7 22.0 30.9.. .. ..
121.0 .. ..40.4 40.7 49.2
9.3 .. 10.02.9 .. 4.0
21.0 29.3 106.85.3 9.29.9 12.0 6.2
22 1 7,7741,672 1,638 268,5302,484 1,126 3,214
.. ..73.9 107.4 101.412.8 40.5 47.7
111The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Japan
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
127.8 127.1 1,398
66.6 65.3 6894.4 3.7 7.2
39,140 42,000 38,3010.9 1.4 1.81.2 1.2 1.6
28.1 26.2 24.519.9 18.5 14.970.6 72.6 73.9-0.3 2.723.0 16.7 18.514.3 17.7 30.312.9 20.8 29.8
.. 34
.. 10 15
.. 8 6
.. 330 17911 11 13
.. 0.6 2.0
.. .. 13.280.0 11.9
0.9 0.2 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
0.1 0.2 1.722.3 22.0 20.417.5 17.1 ..
.. 201.1 65.7
191.3 231.9 ..4.8 5.5 8.01.8 1.9 3.3
194.2 187.6 142.53.0 -0.41.4 0.8 ..
652 928 21,28717,055 20,744 336,788
8,213 7,836 8,508.. ..
76.0 120.2 125.766.9 90.6 80.6
112 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Jordan
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
5.4 6.6 2,3611.4 1.8 1,254
14.9 11.1 5.92,490 5,160 7,926
7.1 2.7 5.73.1 3.8 7.3
28.6 29.8 35.917.9 19.0 21.868.3 66.4 56.8
3.5 2.91.4 1.6 20.6
52.7 43.3 27.794.2 69.2 27.3
.. 11316 12 2410 7 7
136 151 30928 12 21
.. 3.0 2.6
.. 13.1 17.71.8 4.10.6 1.0 2.9
6.7 5.30.9 14.4
.. 20.618.3 26.147.1 13.115.5 6.8
4,411 3,908 305,93415.8 4.9 2.830.6 27.2 30.924.5 23.4 ..
80.0 66.8 ..116.2 96.9 49.2
8.2 12.5 10.06.6 5.6 4.0
88.1 70.2 106.85.5 5.44.7 4.5 6.2
20 38 7,774414 798 268,530
1,682 2,350 3,2140.9 0.2
59.9 147.8 101.412.9 44.0 47.7
113The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Kazakhstan
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
15.1 17.3 2,3617.9 9.3 1,2548.1 4.1 5.9
2,950 11,850 7,9268.8 6.0 5.76.8 4.7 7.3
40.1 36.0 35.912.8 11.2 21.853.1 59.3 56.8
7.6 6.711.3 37.2 20.653.2 39.1 27.744.6 25.9 27.3
.. 4125 5 24
8 4 7271 188 309
89 79 21.. 1.5 2.6.. 16.2 17.7
20.4 19.62.0 1.7 2.9
3.2 5.5
58.7 22.3.. 34.7
34.2 13.06.7 31.6
11.1 15.0
4,551 3,054 305,934
4.5 3.5 2.828.0 19.9 30.923.4 16.2 ..
13.2 .. ..21.6 28.5 49.2
9.0 13.7 10.03.3 12.4 4.0
35.7 34.1 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
17 71 7,774.. .. 268,530
4,012 4,892 3,214.. 0.5
35.8 172.2 101.43.0 54.9 47.7
114 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Kenya
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
35.3 44.9 2,87813.1 17.5 1,169
9.5 9.2 5.3530 1,290 2,0184.3 5.8 5.7
27.2 30.3 16.619.1 19.4 31.111.8 11.1 16.853.7 50.4 51.910.3 6.9
2.9 3.8 11.528.5 16.4 25.736.0 33.9 29.5
.. 10854 26 2014 11 7
372 202 30745 26 25
.. 4.5 2.9
.. 29.8 15.87.3 45.40.4 1.8 1.7
5.1 7.2
32.3 17.4.. 59.3
26.0 41.140.5 43.0
9.8 22.1
4,366 3,072 138,623
0.1 1.5 2.118.7 22.6 25.116.2 .. 20.7
.. .. ..
34.2 39.2 48.711.0 14.3 10.625.6 5.5 5.526.3 34.4 41.4
7.6 8.47.8 8.1 7.2
28 97 2,666585 1,010 72,101133 168 7435.8 6.3
12.9 73.8 87.63.1 43.4 22.6
115The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Kiribati
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.09 0.11 2,878
.. .. 1,169
.. .. 5.31,760 2,950 2,018
1.5 2.5 5.723.7 25.6 16.6
7.8 7.7 31.15.5 5.4 16.8
68.5 66.7 51.9.. ..
0.8 0.7 11.514.1 10.8 25.7
123.0 110.8 29.5
.. 149
31 31 207 7 7
120 156 30721 20 25
.. .. 2.9
.. 24.3 15.8
.. 0.0
.. 0.1 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 138,623
2.5 5.0 2.1.. .. 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. .... .. 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5.. .. 41.4.. .... .. 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
0.7 17.4 87.64.0 12.3 22.6
116 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Low income
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
23.8 25.0 62214.3 15.3 271
4.2 4.1 5.7.. .. 628.. .. 6.4.. .. 31.7.. .. 21.7.. .. 8.8.. .. 46.6.. .... .. 5.3.. .. 24.3.. .. 42.7
.. .... .. 27.. .. 8.. .. 267.. .. 36.. .. 3.3.. .. 18.3.. .... .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
474 .. 7,501.. .. 4.4.. .. 25.1.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 26.7.. .. .... .. .... .. 20.7.. .... .. ..
2 4 266.. .. ..
810 660 .... ..
0.0 11.2 56.70.0 0.0 6.3
117The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Korea, Rep.
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
48.1 50.4 1,39824.1 26.4 689
3.7 3.5 7.217,800 27,090 38,301
4.4 3.5 1.83.1 2.3 1.6
37.5 38.2 24.528.3 30.3 14.959.4 59.4 73.9
2.8 1.332.5 26.9 18.536.8 50.6 30.334.4 45.3 29.8
.. 417 4 1510 3 6
290 188 17913 8 13
.. 1.5 2.0
.. 18.2 13.250.3 84.7
1.4 2.3 6.4
0.1 ..21.3 ..
.. ..41.2 ..
3.9 ..17.6 ..
.. .. ..
1.5 0.7 1.730.9 29.1 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
100.4 128.2 ..7.0 8.0 8.01.2 0.6 3.3
114.8 138.5 142.54.5 3.71.9 1.7 ..
221 378 21,28715,113 23,797 336,788
7,804 10,428 8,508.. ..
81.5 115.7 125.773.5 84.3 80.6
118 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Kosovo
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1.7 1.8 2,878.. .. 1,169.. .. 5.3
2,510 3,990 2,0185.3 3.2 5.7
13.5 14.3 16.627.1 26.7 31.111.3 12.5 16.859.4 59.0 51.9
.. ..
.. .. 11.512.6 19.6 25.747.8 50.5 29.5
.. 66
.. 11 20
.. 5 7
.. 155 307
.. 15 25
.. 2.0 2.9
.. 9.3 15.80.7 2.10.6 4.3 1.7
.. 13.3.. 9.9.. 65.6.. 56.1.. 58.8.. 32.5
385 689 138,6233.6 2.7 2.1
24.0 23.1 25.115.7 15.7 20.7
.. .. .... .. 48.7.. 10.8 10.6.. 8.3 5.5
17.1 33.7 41.417.8 5.910.9 8.2 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101
2,169 2,917 743.. 10.7.. .. 87.6.. .. 22.6
119The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Kuwait
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
2.3 3.8 1,3981.1 2.0 6892.0 3.0 7.2
34,600 49,300 38,3017.2 3.5 1.8
.. 0.4 1.6
.. 64.3 24.5
.. 5.4 14.9
.. 35.3 73.94.1 2.90.3 0.1 18.5
64.0 67.9 30.328.3 31.3 29.8
.. 10135 31 1513 12 698 98 17918 15 13
.. 4.2 2.0
.. 0.0 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
0.3 0.3 1.714.6 .. 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
53.0 69.8 ..13.0 11.3 8.0
4.1 3.5 3.350.9 67.2 142.5
-12.1 8.84.0 2.2 ..
19 28 21,287673 1,278 336,788
17,126 14,911 8,508.. ..
60.2 218.4 125.725.9 78.7 80.6
120 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Kyrgyz Republic
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
5.2 5.8 2,8782.3 2.7 1,1698.1 8.1 5.3
450 1,250 2,0184.6 4.2 5.7
31.9 17.3 16.622.4 26.7 31.114.4 15.2 16.845.7 56.0 51.9
4.4 7.51.8 5.3 11.5
38.3 36.9 25.756.8 88.1 29.5
.. 6721 10 20
9 4 7222 225 307
64 63 25.. 1.5 2.9.. 6.4 15.8
3.2 4.11.0 1.1 1.7
5.1 12.0
83.8 54.8.. 43.2
23.6 23.314.1 54.614.7 28.0
166 171 138,6231.7 2.8 2.1
16.2 32.1 25.111.4 22.9 20.7
.. .. ..
8.2 18.3 48.721.3 16.2 10.6
6.2 4.5 5.58.0 21.2 41.4
18.2 13.424.9 19.6 7.2
5 17 2,666.. .. 72,101
1,374 1,887 743.. 0.9
10.7 134.5 87.610.5 28.3 22.6
121The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Lao PDR
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
5.7 6.7 2,8782.7 3.4 1,1691.4 1.4 5.3
460 1,660 2,0187.0 8.1 5.7
36.2 27.7 16.624.6 31.4 31.1
9.9 8.9 16.839.2 40.9 51.9
7.2 4.1.. .. 11.5
34.2 40.5 25.746.5 49.7 29.5
.. 134108 73 20
8 6 7672 362 307
55 23 25.. .. 2.9.. 16.0 15.8.. 0.4.. 0.1 1.7 .. 5.8.. 23.5.. 42.3.. 28.7.. 22.7.. 11.6
6,531 2,975 138,6231.0 6.0 2.1
23.1 30.1 25.114.5 23.5 20.7
.. .. ..
15.8 .. 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
7.4 .. 41.416.7 ..22.1 .. 7.2
9 13 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. 2.3
11.4 67.0 87.60.9 14.3 22.6
122 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Latvia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
2.2 2.0 1,3981.1 1.0 6898.9 10.0 7.2
7,360 15,250 38,3016.6 2.9 1.84.3 3.3 1.6
22.9 23.4 24.513.0 12.2 14.972.8 73.4 73.9
6.7 0.65.3 15.0 18.5
43.2 59.5 30.357.7 61.8 29.8
.. 2216 6 15
5 4 6280 193 179
13 10 13.. 1.5 2.0.. 6.3 13.2
8.8 14.05.6 10.6 6.4
3.2 5.2
30.0 0.9.. 26.5
45.2 11.123.5 4.9
9.5 19.6
.. .. ..
4.8 2.8 1.731.3 22.9 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 41.6 65.7
34.2 .. ..7.6 10.1 8.00.7 4.6 3.3
64.7 73.2 142.5-4.5 4.63.3 5.8 ..
23 40 21,287236 350 336,788
2,777 3,473 8,508.. 0.3
84.0 116.8 125.746.0 75.8 80.6
123The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Lebanon
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
4.0 4.5 2,3611.3 1.7 1,2548.2 6.4 5.9
5,740 10,030 7,9265.3 2.6 5.74.0 5.5 7.3
16.1 24.8 35.98.1 14.1 21.8
79.9 69.7 56.8.. 0.7
2.8 2.1 20.637.8 40.0 27.758.6 70.2 27.3
.. 12353 15 24
7 6 7180 183 309
25 22 21.. 3.0 2.6.. 6.1 17.7.. .... .. 2.9 .. 4.1.. 14.6.. 57.1.. 40.2.. 56.0.. 13.1
.. .. 305,934
12.3 6.5 2.822.7 30.8 30.919.0 27.5 ..
.. .. ..
223.2 249.6 49.27.5 7.6 10.0
16.4 4.0 4.070.4 103.3 106.811.9 6.1
2.5 1.4 6.2
12 23 7,774
595 1,210 268,5302,811 3,758 3,214
.. 50.524.9 88.3 101.410.1 74.7 47.7
124 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Lesotho
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1.9 2.1 2,8780.79 0.89 1,16936.4 26.2 5.3910 1,330 2,0183.6 4.9 5.79.0 8.0 16.6
33.1 31.9 31.119.4 9.7 16.857.9 60.1 51.9
3.4 5.30.0 0.0 11.5
48.9 40.4 25.7120.9 101.2 29.5
.. 114103 29 20
9 7 7564 324 307
44 31 25.. 2.6 2.9.. 10.8 15.8
0.8 1.90.8 1.6 1.7
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
45 40 138,6232.0 2.1 2.1
21.1 35.2 25.116.8 14.8 20.7
.. .. ..
25.1 33.8 48.710.2 11.5 10.6
3.0 3.7 5.58.9 21.6 41.45.1 3.57.8 7.6 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
13.0 85.0 87.62.6 11.0 22.6
125The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Liberia
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
3.3 4.4 6221.1 1.6 2714.9 3.8 5.7
120 370 6280.3 6.9 6.4
.. .. 31.7
.. .. 21.7
.. .. 8.8
.. .. 46.610.8 9.8
.. .. 5.359.1 25.0 24.3
211.3 94.9 42.7
.. 179
68 5 2710 4 8
150 140 26720 15 36
.. 3.0 3.3
.. 35.4 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
565 40 7,50115.1 18.0 4.419.5 19.5 25.111.9 11.9 ..
.. .. ..
13.4 31.7 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
6.6 19.6 20.76.3 10.0
13.6 9.6 ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... .. .... ..
4.9 73.4 56.70.0 5.4 6.3
126 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Libya
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
5.8 6.3 2,3612.2 2.3 1,254
19.5 19.2 5.96,860 7,820 7,926
5.8 -9.8 5.72.3 .. 7.3
75.5 .. 35.94.7 .. 21.8
22.2 .. 56.82.7 2.6
.. .. 20.663.7 47.0 27.727.1 96.9 27.3
.. 188
.. 35 24
.. 10 7
.. 889 309
.. 23 21
.. .. 2.6
.. 22.0 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 305,934
2.2 0.1 2.815.2 .. 30.9
1.6 .. ..
.. .. ..
18.9 91.0 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
7.4 26.9 106.8-17.5 28.2
4.0 3.5 6.2
13 33 7,774
122 457 268,5303,426 3,923 3,214
.. ..35.7 161.1 101.4
3.9 17.8 47.7
127The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Liechtenstein
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.03 0.04 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
92,360 .. 38,3012.5 .. 1.8
.. .. 1.638.6 38.3 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. 0.0.. 1.2 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
79.2 109.3 125.763.4 95.2 80.6
128 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Lithuania
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
3.3 2.9 1,3981.6 1.5 6898.3 11.3 7.2
7,550 15,410 38,3016.2 3.8 1.84.8 3.4 1.6
32.7 Z30.5 24.520.2 19.3 14.962.5 66.0 73.9
2.6 0.16.2 10.1 18.5
53.9 81.2 30.361.1 79.3 29.8
.. 2026 4 15
8 2 6166 171 179
10 10 13.. 2.3 2.0.. 5.9 13.2
4.5 8.51.9 4.2 6.4
4.6 6.0
35.4 10.9.. 58.0
31.9 25.537.5 42.917.5 18.0
1,279 454 ..3.2 0.7 1.7
23.4 18.9 20.4.. .. ..
.. 43.8 65.7
32.5 .. ..7.6 12.9 8.00.6 8.2 3.3
40.7 11.9 142.5-1.5 ..2.9 .. ..
12 4 21,287321 423 336,788
3,187 3,664 8,508.. 0.2
132.5 147.0 125.736.2 72.1 80.6
129The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Luxembourg
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.47 0.56 1,3980.21 0.27 689
4.5 6.1 7.266,390 75,960 38,301
3.2 2.7 1.80.4 0.3 1.6
16.6 11.9 24.58.9 4.9 14.9
83.0 87.8 73.92.5 0.6
11.9 5.7 18.5161.1 203.3 30.3136.5 170.9 29.8
.. 6129 19 15
6 6 659 55 179
8 8 13.. 2.0 2.0.. 4.2 13.2
1.8 2.25.6 6.1 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
12.6 10.9 1.720.2 18.6 20.4
.. .. ..
3.7 20.1 65.7
.. .. ..5.0 6.5 8.00.2 0.2 3.3
72.6 91.6 142.5.. .... .. ..
42 43 21,287.. .. 336,788
15,644 14,193 8,508.. ..
111.4 149.5 125.770.0 94.7 80.6
130 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Macao SAR, China
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.47 0.58 1,3980.26 0.36 689
4.2 1.5 7.224,080 76,270 38,301
11.9 13.2 1.80.0 0.0 1.6
15.2 6.2 24.54.3 0.7 14.9
84.8 93.8 73.94.4 6.00.7 0.2 18.5
94.6 99.1 30.362.3 44.7 29.8
.. ..
.. .. 15
.. .. 6
.. .. 179
.. .. 13
.. .. 2.0
.. .. 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
15.1 4.6 1.725.8 18.4 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
140.5 107.5 .... 3.6 8.0.. 0.1 3.3
45.3 76.6 142.51.2 -3.05.5 5.2 ..
24 20 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
113.8 322.6 125.734.9 69.8 80.6
131The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Macedonia, FYR
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
2.0 2.1 2,3610.86 0.95 1,25437.3 27.9 5.9
3,010 5,150 7,9263.7 2.0 5.7
11.3 10.2 7.323.7 24.8 35.911.3 12.4 21.864.9 65.0 56.8
0.2 –0.31.1 3.1 20.6
34.8 47.9 27.751.0 65.1 27.3
.. 1248 1 2413 1 7
192 119 30917 12 21
.. 1.8 2.6
.. 10.9 17.78.0 5.55.5 3.7 2.9
9.7 10.3
32.8 2.4.. 55.5
17.3 38.48.5 28.9
14.1 34.8
1,538 254 305,934
2.3 0.5 2.819.2 24.9 30.912.3 17.5 ..
.. .. ..
30.1 54.4 49.213.3 10.8 10.015.0 10.8 4.023.3 49.6 106.8
6.9 5.96.9 3.8 6.2
2 .. 7,774.. .. 268,530
3,403 3,557 3,214.. 1.2
54.1 105.5 101.426.5 68.1 47.7
132 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Madagascar
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
18.3 23.6 6228.7 12.1 2712.6 3.6 5.7
290 440 6283.6 2.1 6.4
28.3 26.5 31.715.8 15.9 21.714.0 .. 8.855.9 57.6 46.618.5 6.1
0.8 0.6 5.328.2 31.8 24.345.6 42.8 42.7
.. 16442 13 2711 9 8
400 183 26749 22 36
.. 3.0 3.3
.. 16.3 18.3
.. 9.1
.. 0.7 0.6 .. 20.8.. 31.7.. 71.7.. 19.1.. 24.0.. 15.4
557 263 7,5011.7 3.3 4.4
22.2 14.8 25.113.5 11.7 ..
.. .. ..
14.2 17.2 26.76.7 .. ..
10.1 .. ..9.9 13.0 20.77.3 51.48.3 47.6 ..
18 10 266112 182 ..
.. .. ..
.. 6.72.8 41.2 56.70.6 3.7 6.3
133The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Malawi
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
12.7 16.7 6225.6 7.6 2717.9 7.5 5.7
220 250 6284.5 4.4 6.4
33.1 33.3 31.717.3 17.0 21.7
9.3 11.4 8.849.6 49.6 46.615.4 24.4
3.1 2.5 5.324.0 45.8 24.352.2 56.1 42.7
.. 14137 38 2710 8 8
370 175 26745 34 36
.. 2.6 3.3
.. 20.4 18.30.4 ..0.1 .. 0.6
.. 5.0.. 18.3.. 71.7.. 29.2.. 50.4.. 18.8
314 607 7,5015.1 16.8 4.4
20.2 12.5 25.113.0 6.3 ..
.. .. ..
17.0 28.6 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
7.9 16.2 20.719.9 19.322.2 31.1 ..
5 2 266.. .. .... .. .... 6.7
3.3 33.5 56.70.4 5.8 6.3
134 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Malaysia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
25.8 29.9 2,36110.8 13.3 1,254
3.5 2.0 5.95,250 11,120 7,926
5.1 5.6 5.78.3 8.9 7.3
45.9 40.0 35.927.5 22.9 21.845.8 51.2 56.8
3.0 3.154.6 43.9 20.6
112.9 73.8 27.791.0 64.6 27.3
.. 1837 4 2410 3 7
190 118 30913 11 21
.. 1.0 2.6
.. 22.7 17.737.7 49.2
2.2 2.4 2.9
7.8 .... .... ..
49.3 ..10.7 ..54.1 ..
8,477 7,550 305,9342.7 3.1 2.8
22.3 26.0 30.912.2 16.6 ..
42.1 51.6 ..109.2 128.0 49.2
7.6 10.0 10.09.4 1.6 4.0
106.5 120.6 106.8-2.7 2.13.0 1.5 6.2
176 439 7,77412,198 22,719 268,530
2,862 4,512 3,214.. ..
75.6 148.8 101.448.6 67.5 47.7
135The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Upper middle income
Maldives
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.32 0.40 2,3610.13 0.20 1,25413.5 11.6 5.9
3,560 6,410 7,9268.4 5.5 5.77.8 3.5 7.3
15.3 19.3 35.96.5 5.0 21.8
76.9 77.1 56.81.3 2.10.0 .. 20.6
43.3 108.2 27.777.6 89.3 27.3
.. 1289 9 245 5 70 395 309
21 21 21.. 1.5 2.6.. 13.1 17.7
0.7 ..3.9 .. 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
539 46 305,9344.7 11.9 2.8
35.8 .. 30.9.. .. ..
35.2 64.9 ..38.9 51.9 49.2
.. 16.1 10.0
.. 17.6 4.040.4 35.0 106.810.9 8.1
6.5 7.3 6.2
5 .. 7,774
48 84 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
68.4 189.4 101.46.9 49.3 47.7
136 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Mali
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
12.9 17.1 6223.7 5.9 2718.5 8.1 5.7
410 650 6285.3 2.8 6.4
37.6 39.5 31.724.1 22.4 21.7
.. .. 8.838.2 38.1 46.6
6.4 0.95.1 1.2 5.3
25.0 25.8 24.332.9 29.9 42.7
.. 14327 9 2712 5 8
270 270 26744 26 36
.. 3.6 3.3
.. 10.1 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6
2.4 ..31.1 ..72.8 ..
6.7 ..48.4 ..
8.6 ..
837 471 7,5012.9 1.7 4.4
15.4 23.8 25.18.5 12.6 ..
.. .. ..
17.1 25.7 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
16.7 24.5 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. 0 266.. .. .... .. ..
3.0 ..6.4 149.1 56.70.5 7.0 6.3
137The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Malta
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.40 0.43 1,3980.16 0.19 689
7.3 5.9 7.214,390 21,000 38,301
1.8 2.2 1.82.6 .. 1.6
37.8 .. 24.516.1 .. 14.959.5 .. 73.9
3.0 0.352.0 34.4 18.576.8 93.6 30.379.9 88.9 29.8
.. 80
.. 28 15
.. 10 6
.. 139 179
.. 11 13
.. 3.0 2.0
.. 30.1 13.22.4 5.18.6 17.3 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
11.6 4.1 1.722.0 14.3 20.4
.. .. ..
193.5 88.3 65.7137.1 .. ..
7.0 7.2 8.09.0 9.0 3.3
243.0 111.8 142.52.9 2.52.8 .. ..
15 14 21,2871,382 3,003 336,7884,913 4,736 8,508
.. ..78.1 127.0 125.741.2 73.2 80.6
138 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Marshall Islands
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.05 0.05 2,361.. .. 1,254.. .. 5.9
3,570 4,390 7,9261.4 1.7 5.79.3 18.7 7.3
12.1 10.5 35.92.1 1.3 21.8
78.5 70.8 56.8.. .... .. 20.6.. .. 27.7.. .. 27.3
.. 140
17 17 245 5 7
128 128 30923 23 21
.. 2.0 2.6
.. 0.0 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 305,934
2.4 4.8 2.8.. .. 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0.. .. 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
3 .. 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
1.3 29.4 101.43.9 16.8 47.7
139The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Mauritania
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.2 4.0 2,8780.96 1.3 1,16932.1 31.0 5.3690 1,270 2,0186.1 5.4 5.7
29.8 22.8 16.632.4 35.6 31.1
9.8 8.0 16.837.8 41.6 51.912.1 3.5
.. .. 11.530.7 47.8 25.782.5 70.2 29.5
.. 16882 8 2011 6 7
696 734 30740 31 25
.. .. 2.9
.. 0.0 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7
5.8 17.248.2 20.465.2 78.513.5 29.4
7.5 16.15.9 16.2
367 .. 138,62337.3 9.9 2.159.0 43.3 25.147.7 26.7 20.7
.. .. ..
18.1 20.7 48.7.. 14.7 10.6.. 20.4 5.5
24.7 24.9 41.412.3 24.215.1 11.2 7.2
2 4 2,666.. 85 72,101.. .. 743
3.3 5.323.7 94.2 87.6
0.7 10.7 22.6
140 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
Mauritius
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1.2 1.3 2,3610.54 0.59 1,254
9.6 7.7 5.95,420 9,630 7,926
3.8 3.5 5.76.0 3.2 7.3
27.6 23.2 35.919.8 16.5 21.866.4 73.6 56.8
4.9 3.21.8 0.0 20.6
59.9 51.5 27.765.9 63.0 27.3
.. 3246 6 24
6 5 7161 152 309
13 10 21.. 1.7 2.6.. 11.7 17.7
6.3 4.67.3 5.1 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
63 50 305,9340.7 3.3 2.8
21.4 19.1 30.915.1 14.2 ..
43.1 50.1 ..94.4 95.3 49.2
.. 9.3 10.03.0 4.9 4.0
75.3 100.1 106.816.1 6.513.8 1.7 6.2
15 13 7,774413 654 268,530
1,684 2,148 3,214.. ..
54.2 132.2 101.415.2 41.4 47.7
141The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Mexico
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
109.7 125.4 2,36144.3 55.6 1,254
3.5 4.9 5.97,720 9,870 7,926
2.2 3.3 5.73.4 3.3 7.3
35.2 34.4 35.917.2 17.7 21.861.5 62.3 56.8
4.0 4.019.6 16.0 20.626.6 32.4 27.728.0 33.5 27.3
.. 38
.. 6 24
.. 6 7
.. 286 30913 12 21
.. 1.8 2.6
.. .. 17.740.4 76.4
0.6 0.9 2.9
20.5 ..9.6 ..
69.7 ..5.9 ..8.3 ..
20.3 ..
38,001 34,745 305,934
2.9 1.9 2.821.3 21.0 30.916.7 16.9 ..
.. .. ..
21.2 29.6 49.28.8 10.8 10.01.5 3.0 4.0
16.2 31.0 106.84.1 -1.16.2 2.7 6.2
331 473 7,7742,144 5,274 268,5301,870 2,057 3,214
0.8 ..42.6 82.2 101.417.2 44.4 47.7
142 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
0.11 0.10 2,878.. .. 1,169.. .. 5.3
2,550 3,200 2,018-0.3 -0.4 5.724.4 27.0 16.6
5.7 6.3 31.10.6 0.4 16.8
69.8 66.8 51.9.. .... .. 11.5.. .. 25.7.. .. 29.5
.. 148
16 16 207 7 7
128 128 30730 30 25
.. 5.3 2.9
.. 0.0 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 138,623
0.0 0.3 2.1.. .. 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. .... .. 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5.. .. 41.4
14.0 11.114.8 15.3 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
13.3 30.3 87.611.9 29.7 22.6
143The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Moldova
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.6 3.6 2,8781.4 1.2 1,1697.3 3.4 5.3
890 2,560 2,0185.6 5.0 5.7
19.5 15.0 16.616.3 17.2 31.115.9 14.4 16.864.1 67.8 51.911.8 5.1
4.0 4.8 11.551.1 41.6 25.791.7 78.0 29.5
.. 5230 4 2010 4 7
234 186 30723 23 25
.. 2.8 2.9
.. 9.2 15.84.6 ..1.8 .. 1.7
3.7 6.8
45.2 13.5.. 32.3
33.7 26.630.4 10.5
7.2 18.7
591 119 138,6236.4 4.4 2.1
24.6 24.7 25.122.6 .. 20.7
32.4 24.3 ..29.9 43.4 48.716.7 13.2 10.6
4.4 11.7 5.523.6 37.1 41.4
9.1 4.46.0 5.3 7.2
4 9 2,666.. .. 72,101
2,048 1,353 743.. 0.3
28.9 108.0 87.614.6 46.6 22.6
144 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Monaco
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.03 0.04 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
128,380 .. 38,3014.2 .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
12 11 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
50.8 88.5 125.755.5 92.4 80.6
145The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Mongolia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
2.5 2.9 2,3611.1 1.3 1,2546.9 4.8 5.9
900 4,280 7,9267.5 11.7 5.7
22.1 15.8 7.336.2 37.2 35.9
6.4 9.9 21.841.7 47.0 56.812.7 13.0
0.1 19.5 20.658.8 53.5 27.763.6 56.0 27.3
.. 5613 6 24
7 5 7204 148 309
44 44 21.. 4.0 2.6.. 10.0 17.7.. 12.5.. 6.3 2.9 .. 19.4.. 19.5.. 48.1.. 44.4.. 93.9.. 15.9
.. 120 305,934
7.3 3.2 2.827.9 24.2 30.925.8 .. ..
50.5 .. ..32.2 45.5 49.2
.. .. 10.0
.. .. 4.027.6 60.7 106.8
8.7 12.317.6 6.7 6.2
5 6 7,774.. .. 268,530
1,252 1,909 3,214.. 1.0
22.1 105.1 101.49.0 27.0 47.7
146 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Montenegro
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.61 0.62 2,3610.25 0.25 1,25419.5 19.1 5.9
3,660 7,320 7,9264.7 1.4 5.7
10.5 10.0 7.320.7 17.7 35.9
9.8 4.8 21.868.8 72.3 56.8
2.9 -0.7.. .. 20.6
43.5 40.1 27.761.1 60.0 27.3
.. 4624 10 2413 6 7
372 314 30914 14 21
.. 1.4 2.6
.. 8.1 17.72.0 2.94.8 6.9 2.9
.. 9.6.. 16.2.. 52.4.. 43.9.. 31.8.. 13.8
696 80 305,9340.0 10.8 2.8
18.0 19.0 30.913.3 13.5 ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2
15.3 14.2 10.05.3 16.8 4.0
.. .. 106.81.9 8.36.1 7.3 6.2
6 7 7,774.. .. 268,530
6,315 5,618 3,214.. 2.6
88.2 163.0 101.427.1 61.0 47.7
147The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
Morocco
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
30.4 33.9 2,87811.1 12.5 1,16911.0 10.2 5.3
1,960 3,070 2,0185.0 3.9 5.7
14.7 13.0 16.628.2 29.3 31.116.6 18.2 16.857.1 57.7 51.9
1.0 0.49.6 5.3 11.5
32.3 34.3 25.737.9 46.6 29.5
.. 7512 10 20
6 4 7358 211 307
17 10 25.. 3.5 2.9.. 25.4 15.8
11.3 34.70.6 1.5 1.7
11.4 4.610.7 28.747.7 47.330.2 49.318.8 13.817.3 18.2
4,500 11,454 138,6232.7 3.3 2.1
27.5 29.4 25.1.. .. 20.7
57.3 58.2 ..70.9 90.3 48.7
7.7 8.9 10.615.7 6.9 5.546.1 68.7 41.4
9.9 ..8.0 .. 7.2
49 71 2,666561 3,070 72,101636 866 7430.7 0.6
41.1 131.7 87.615.1 56.8 22.6
148 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Mozambique
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
21.1 27.2 6229.8 12.5 271
22.6 22.6 5.7350 600 6288.2 7.1 6.4
25.6 25.2 31.720.9 21.1 21.715.2 9.8 8.853.5 53.7 46.6
7.2 2.68.4 5.6 5.3
30.2 26.2 24.346.2 69.5 42.7
.. 133174 19 27
15 10 8230 217 267
28 21 36.. 1.5 3.3.. 30.8 18.3.. .... .. 0.6
3.3 ..9.8 ..
75.4 ..8.5 ..
12.7 ..18.7 ..
329 1,009 7,5011.6 31.4 4.4
13.2 21.8 25.18.6 .. ..
.. .. ..
20.1 44.0 26.76.6 9.4 ..3.5 3.3 ..
10.1 31.8 20.712.5 10.811.7 6.2 ..
10 21 266209 328 ..438 436 ..1.6 ..7.2 69.8 56.70.9 5.9 6.3
149The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Myanmar
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
50.0 53.4 2,87826.9 30.2 1,169
3.4 3.3 5.3.. 1,270 2,018.. .. 5.7
48.4 .. 16.616.2 .. 31.111.6 .. 16.835.4 .. 51.9
9.4 5.5.. .. 11.5
0.2 .. 25.70.1 .. 29.5
.. 167
.. 13 20
.. 11 7
.. 188 307
.. 20 25
.. 5.0 2.9
.. 25.3 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. 2.0.. 37.1.. 31.2.. 4.7.. 105.6.. 1.7
556 1,670 138,623.. 2.2 2.1
11.7 .. 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
8.1 26.6 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
4.7 13.6 41.411.1 6.0
5.5 5.0 7.2
26 29 2,666
170 245 72,10173 164 743
.. 12.50.3 54.0 87.60.1 2.1 22.6
150 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
Namibia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
2.0 2.4 2,3610.75 0.90 1,25420.2 18.6 5.9
3,390 5,630 7,9265.3 5.5 5.7
11.3 7.0 7.329.2 31.8 35.913.6 11.6 21.859.5 61.2 56.8
2.3 5.411.5 2.7 20.640.4 39.9 27.740.3 66.1 27.3
.. 10195 66 2410 10 7
339 302 30924 24 21
.. 2.5 2.6
.. 17.2 17.70.7 1.20.6 0.9 2.9
2.9 3.12.6 5.3
33.1 41.719.6 11.8
9.2 20.317.6 8.3
9 97 305,934
2.3 3.8 2.818.6 34.0 30.912.9 26.5 ..
.. 35.5 ..
36.1 50.9 49.27.8 10.3 10.02.3 1.5 4.0
51.8 49.1 106.84.8 1.04.4 4.5 6.2
6 9 7,774
148 131 268,5301,455 1,611 3,214
0.4 0.622.1 113.8 101.4
4.0 14.8 47.7
151The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Low income
Nepal
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
25.5 28.2 62213.0 15.6 271
2.3 2.7 5.7310 730 6283.7 4.4 6.4
36.3 33.7 31.717.7 15.6 21.7
8.2 6.5 8.846.0 50.7 46.6
6.8 8.40.1 0.2 5.3
14.6 11.6 24.329.5 41.2 42.7
.. 9931 17 27
7 7 8408 334 267
43 40 36.. 2.0 3.3.. 17.7 18.3
5.5 11.90.4 0.7 0.6
.. 1.4.. 10.4.. 55.7.. 13.7.. 21.3.. 8.2
335 756 7,5010.0 0.0 4.4
19.9 23.0 25.117.0 18.3 ..
51.8 .. ..41.7 73.7 26.7
.. .. ..
.. .. ..28.7 62.6 20.7
1.9 ..5.9 .. ..
6 20 266.. .. ..
78 128 .... 8.7
0.9 81.9 56.70.8 15.4 6.3
152 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Netherlands
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
16.3 16.9 1,3988.6 9.0 6894.7 6.9 7.2
42,390 51,860 38,3011.7 0.3 1.82.0 1.8 1.6
24.0 21.2 24.514.1 12.1 14.974.0 77.0 73.9
1.7 1.030.9 19.9 18.566.6 82.9 30.357.9 71.5 29.8
.. 289 4 157 4 6
250 123 1797 7 13.. 1.1 2.0.. 20.4 13.2
46.5 58.94.2 5.3 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
30.9 5.5 1.720.6 18.2 20.4
.. .. ..
48.3 68.3 65.7
.. .. ..3.0 5.4 8.01.2 3.1 3.3
117.5 116.5 142.50.8 0.20.4 -1.1 ..
241 305 21,2879,472 12,513 336,7886,988 6,821 8,508
.. ..97.1 116.4 125.781.0 93.2 80.6
153The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
New Caledonia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.23 0.27 1,3980.10 0.12 689
.. .. 7.2
.. .. 38,301
.. .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..0.5 13.1 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287
83 116 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
58.7 93.6 125.732.4 70.0 80.6
154 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
New Zealand
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
4.1 4.5 1,3982.2 2.4 6893.8 5.6 7.2
25,490 41,070 38,3012.9 2.3 1.84.9 6.9 1.6
25.8 23.4 24.515.7 12.1 14.969.3 69.7 73.9
3.0 0.910.2 9.1 18.528.2 29.2 30.329.6 27.4 29.8
.. 212 1 15
2 1 6172 152 179
10 10 13.. 1.3 2.0.. 30.0 13.2
64.8 49.223.6 16.6 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
1.7 2.2 1.724.7 23.2 20.4
.. .. ..
44.0 60.2 65.776.6 .. ..
5.3 7.4 8.00.3 0.9 3.3
120.3 .. 142.55.6 3.61.1 1.8 ..
209 199 21,2871,603 3,251 336,7889,674 9,084 8,508
.. ..85.4 112.1 125.762.7 85.5 80.6
155The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
Nicaragua
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
5.4 6.0 2,8782.1 2.7 1,1695.6 5.3 5.3
1,180 1,870 2,0183.4 4.9 5.7
18.6 20.5 16.624.1 25.7 31.115.6 15.4 16.857.3 53.8 51.9
9.6 6.05.2 0.4 11.5
24.4 42.3 25.747.3 59.3 29.5
.. 12540 13 20
8 6 7240 207 307
38 21 25.. 2.2 2.9.. 21.9 15.8.. .... .. 1.7
9.3 ..2.6 ..
73.4 ..37.9 ..62.7 ..18.7 ..
1,070 1,338 138,6233.8 7.5 2.1
23.5 27.2 25.119.4 21.1 20.7
.. .. ..
27.9 32.7 48.77.3 .. 10.68.0 .. 5.5
22.6 34.1 41.42.0 4.18.1 12.5 7.2
.. .. 2,666
61 101 72,101417 598 7439.3 ..
20.5 114.6 87.62.6 17.6 22.6
156 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Niger
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
13.5 19.1 6224.4 6.1 2715.1 5.1 5.7
250 410 6284.1 6.7 6.4
24.7 36.7 31.715.4 19.5 21.7
6.1 6.2 8.859.9 43.6 46.6
7.8 -0.911.2 57.1 5.316.6 17.8 24.330.8 36.7 42.7
.. 16035 15 2713 6 8
270 270 26759 56 36
.. 5.0 3.3
.. 21.2 18.30.0 ..0.0 .. 0.6
11.5 ..17.0 ..
.. ..26.4 ..20.6 ..
4.8 ..
359 239 7,5011.5 9.4 4.4
21.4 40.3 25.114.5 28.0 ..
.. .. ..
7.7 14.8 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
6.8 14.2 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. 1 266.. .. ..
37 49 ..20.7 ..
2.5 44.4 56.70.2 2.0 6.3
157The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Nigeria
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
139.6 177.5 2,87843.3 55.8 1,169
7.6 7.5 5.3660 2,970 2,01810.0 5.5 5.732.8 20.2 16.643.5 24.2 31.1
2.8 9.8 16.823.7 55.5 51.917.9 8.1
7.8 2.1 11.531.7 18.4 25.719.1 12.5 29.5
.. 169
.. 31 20
.. 9 7
.. 908 30741 23 25
.. 2.0 2.9
.. .. 15.829.0 71.9
0.4 0.8 1.7
6.1 7.522.9 25.960.1 46.2
4.3 16.97.5 9.48.5 7.1
20,314 12,150 138,6234.4 0.8 2.15.5 15.1 25.1
.. .. 20.7
28.6 10.4 ..13.9 18.5 48.716.0 10.4 10.618.1 3.0 5.513.2 14.5 41.4-3.3 11.47.4 7.2 7.2
10 66 2,666513 1,062 72,101129 142 74325.2 32.813.3 77.8 87.6
3.5 42.7 22.6
158 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Northern Mariana Islands
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.06 0.05 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9.. .... .. 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
31.0 .. 125.7.. .. 80.6
159The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Norway
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
4.6 5.1 1,3982.4 2.7 6894.6 3.4 7.2
63,790 103,620 38,3012.0 1.5 1.81.6 1.7 1.6
42.6 38.2 24.59.1 7.8 14.9
55.8 60.1 73.91.5 2.0
16.1 20.7 18.543.4 38.3 30.327.4 29.6 29.8
.. 98 4 155 4 6
87 83 1798 8 13.. 0.9 2.0.. 23.6 13.2
20.5 25.96.8 7.7 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
3.4 2.1 1.720.3 23.7 20.4
.. .. ..
35.4 21.0 65.750.3 .. ..
7.0 6.8 8.00.7 1.1 3.3
79.6 .. 142.5-4.3 ..2.2 .. ..
254 .. 21,287329 379 336,788
25,083 23,326 8,508.. ..
102.8 116.1 125.782.0 96.3 80.6
160 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Oman
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
2.5 4.2 1,3980.91 2.2 689
7.8 7.2 7.210,640 16,870 38,301
2.8 3.5 1.81.6 1.3 1.6
63.5 65.3 24.58.6 9.3 14.9
34.8 33.4 73.91.9 1.00.3 4.3 18.5
58.3 68.8 30.331.1 46.6 29.8
.. 7035 7 1510 5 652 68 17914 10 13
.. 4.0 2.0
.. 11.0 13.21.4 2.70.9 1.0 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
4.9 0.9 1.722.0 28.0 20.4
.. .. ..
8.5 .. 65.7
26.7 38.3 ..13.9 11.7 8.0
7.0 2.0 3.330.6 46.5 142.5
-12.6 3.33.8 3.1 ..
32 48 21,2872,749 3,620 336,7883,931 5,981 8,508
.. ..52.9 157.8 125.7
6.7 70.2 80.6
161The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Lower middle income
Pakistan
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
153.4 185.0 2,87849.9 65.4 1,169
7.1 5.2 5.3740 1,400 2,0185.1 3.4 5.7
21.5 25.0 16.627.1 20.9 31.118.6 13.9 16.851.4 54.1 51.9
9.1 7.21.4 1.4 11.5
15.7 12.3 25.719.6 18.7 29.5
.. 138
.. 19 20
.. 10 7
.. 594 30731 21 25
.. 2.7 2.9
.. .. 15.83.9 4.80.0 0.0 1.7
1.9 3.5
58.8 28.812.5 46.5
4.6 8.6106.3 82.8
9.6 35.8
21,391 4,773 138,623
2.0 0.7 2.117.5 13.4 25.113.1 10.0 20.7
.. .. ..
37.9 31.4 48.77.6 10.0 10.69.0 12.3 5.5
28.6 15.6 41.4.. .... .. 7.2
49 48 2,6661,686 2,597 72,101
465 450 74331.7 75.2
8.1 73.3 87.66.3 13.8 22.6
162 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Palau
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.02 0.02 2,361.. .. 1,254.. .. 5.9
9,410 11,110 7,9260.4 3.9 5.74.4 4.1 7.3
16.8 8.7 35.90.9 1.1 21.8
78.8 87.2 56.8.. .... 20.2 20.6
42.7 63.1 27.771.7 87.8 27.3
.. 13624 28 24
7 8 7128 142 309
29 26 21.. 2.0 2.6.. 65.8 17.7.. .... .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 305,934
2.1 15.9 2.8.. .. 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0.. .. 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
.. .. 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
30.4 90.6 101.427.0 .. 47.7
163The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Panama
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.3 3.9 2,3611.5 1.8 1,2549.8 4.3 5.9
4,530 11,130 7,9266.8 8.7 5.77.0 3.5 7.3
16.6 22.1 35.97.4 5.8 21.8
76.5 74.4 56.83.2 2.61.0 0.2 20.6
75.5 79.8 27.769.1 75.0 27.3
.. 6918 6 24
6 5 7560 417 309
10 10 21.. 2.5 2.6.. 12.4 17.7
40.3 34.518.9 14.1 2.9
10.3 ..
7.7 ..40.1 ..39.4 ..10.2 ..14.7 ..
2,156 3,008 305,9347.1 11.3 2.8
16.8 26.5 30.914.4 .. ..
.. .. ..
73.8 73.0 49.213.1 10.0 10.0
2.9 2.2 4.087.1 88.3 106.8
6.8 4.76.0 4.7 6.2
30 126 7,7743,064 7,942 268,5301,460 2,038 3,214
3.1 ..52.0 158.1 101.411.5 44.9 47.7
164 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Papua New Guinea
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
6.1 7.5 2,8782.7 3.4 1,1692.7 2.5 5.3
700 2,240 2,0183.8 8.1 5.7
37.8 .. 16.638.9 .. 31.1
7.0 .. 16.823.3 .. 51.9
1.8 5.260.9 3.5 11.572.2 .. 25.758.9 .. 29.5
.. 14552 53 20
6 6 7206 207 307
23 23 25.. 3.0 2.9.. 23.2 15.8.. .... .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
150 .. 138,6230.7 -0.2 2.1
18.1 .. 25.1.. .. 20.7
69.7 .. ..30.6 41.4 48.7
.. .. 10.6
.. .. 5.514.1 31.0 41.4-0.6 -1.410.6 9.0 7.2
20 34 2,666282 382 72,101
.. .. 743
.. ..1.2 44.9 87.61.7 9.4 22.6
165The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Paraguay
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
5.8 6.6 2,3612.6 3.2 1,2545.8 4.5 5.9
1,230 4,400 7,9263.2 6.3 5.7
19.6 20.5 7.334.8 28.8 35.912.9 12.0 21.845.7 50.6 56.8
6.8 5.07.2 6.1 20.6
58.2 46.8 27.746.0 43.0 27.3
.. 10072 35 2417 7 7
328 378 30936 29 21
.. 3.9 2.6
.. 9.6 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9
7.9 ..24.5 ..76.7 ..25.8 ..27.2 ..
7.1 ..
693 659 305,9340.1 1.7 2.8
16.6 15.9 30.918.4 17.0 ..
.. .. ..
16.4 30.3 49.29.9 9.7 10.06.5 1.8 4.0
15.1 49.9 106.818.0 15.328.2 16.9 6.2
10 5 7,774.. 11 268,530
864 1,473 3,2141.8 ..
32.0 105.6 101.47.9 43.0 47.7
166 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Peru
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
27.6 31.0 2,36112.9 17.0 1,254
5.2 4.2 5.92,540 6,360 7,926
5.9 5.9 5.77.8 7.4 7.3
37.0 36.8 35.917.7 14.9 21.855.2 55.8 56.8
1.6 3.23.2 3.8 20.6
26.6 22.4 27.720.3 23.9 27.3
.. 50104 26 24
10 6 7424 260 309
22 12 21.. 3.1 2.6.. 22.7 17.7
23.3 48.81.4 2.4 2.9
13.5 ..
1.6 ..64.1 ..60.9 ..81.6 ..14.6 ..
10,231 21,875 305,9343.4 3.9 2.8
17.4 25.9 30.914.3 20.3 ..
32.8 19.2 ..24.1 35.4 49.2
9.2 10.7 10.06.3 4.0 4.0
19.7 34.0 106.822.9 12.322.9 13.4 6.2
61 118 7,774992 2,235 268,530837 1,270 3,2140.2 ..
20.1 103.6 101.417.1 40.2 47.7
167The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Philippines
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
86.1 99.1 2,87835.1 43.8 1,169
7.7 7.1 5.31,520 3,500 2,018
4.9 6.1 5.712.7 11.3 16.633.8 31.4 31.124.1 20.6 16.853.5 57.3 51.9
6.5 4.170.8 49.0 11.546.1 28.7 25.751.7 32.4 29.5
.. 10347 29 2017 16 7
195 193 30717 15 25
.. 2.7 2.9
.. 20.3 15.813.5 16.1
0.3 0.3 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
19,509 10,217 138,6231.6 2.2 2.1
19.9 20.8 25.117.8 18.3 20.7
73.9 51.5 ..53.5 63.4 48.711.7 9.9 10.610.0 2.0 5.529.1 39.2 41.4
4.1 2.24.6 4.3 7.2
59 225 2,6663,634 5,869 72,101
578 692 743.. ..
40.5 111.2 87.65.4 39.7 22.6
168 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Poland
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
38.2 38.0 1,39817.5 18.3 68917.7 9.2 7.2
7,330 13,680 38,3014.3 2.8 1.83.3 3.4 1.6
32.1 32.6 24.518.4 18.4 14.964.6 64.0 73.9
2.1 0.13.8 8.7 18.5
34.9 47.4 30.335.9 46.2 29.8
.. 2546 30 1510 4 6
420 271 17917 15 13
.. 3.0 2.0
.. 14.5 13.213.0 ..
0.5 .. 6.4
2.9 19.730.4 2.0
.. 29.128.0 32.7
9.4 65.819.6 33.0
.. .. ..
3.6 3.2 1.718.6 19.6 20.415.7 15.2 ..
46.8 55.6 65.737.2 53.7 ..
7.8 8.9 8.011.0 4.8 3.327.3 52.2 142.5
4.1 ..4.0 .. ..
79 81 21,287428 2,052 336,788
3,437 3,938 8,508.. 0.2
76.3 148.9 125.738.8 66.6 80.6
169The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Portugal
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
10.5 10.4 1,3985.5 5.4 6897.6 14.2 7.2
18,550 21,360 38,3010.8 -1.3 1.82.6 2.3 1.6
24.6 21.5 24.514.5 13.3 14.972.7 76.1 73.9
2.3 -0.38.9 4.4 18.5
26.7 40.0 30.335.8 39.7 29.8
.. 2348 3 1511 3 6
328 275 17920 15 13
.. 2.0 2.0
.. 13.6 13.225.8 31.9
3.7 4.6 6.4
1.1 ..52.1 ..
.. ..20.3 ..
5.7 ..12.7 ..
.. .. ..
2.2 5.4 1.723.1 14.9 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 138.0 65.7.. .. ..
6.2 7.7 8.01.5 11.9 3.3
124.7 129.5 142.5.. .... .. ..
149 155 21,287905 2,857 336,788
4,683 4,685 8,508.. ..
108.9 112.1 125.735.0 64.6 80.6
170 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Puerto Rico
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
3.8 3.5 1,3981.5 1.2 689
11.5 14.3 7.214,750 19,310 38,301
0.3 -2.0 1.80.6 0.8 1.6
87.1 95.5 24.542.4 46.7 14.912.3 3.7 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.581.7 75.5 30.364.4 54.7 29.8
.. 577 6 157 6 6
140 218 17915 15 13
.. 2.5 2.0
.. 25.9 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7
14.2 9.5 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287
1,727 .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
53.0 87.1 125.723.4 78.8 80.6
171The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Qatar
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.84 2.2 1,3980.51 1.6 689
1.1 0.3 7.239,560 92,200 38,301
13.5 8.6 1.80.1 0.1 1.6
74.5 67.9 24.59.9 10.1 14.9
25.4 32.0 73.98.8 3.10.0 0.0 18.5
65.1 69.1 30.329.7 30.5 29.8
.. 687 9 157 8 6
36 41 17921 15 13
.. 2.8 2.0
.. 0.0 13.21.4 3.32.2 1.7 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
5.6 0.5 1.734.3 32.4 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
46.9 64.6 .... .. 8.0.. 1.7 3.3
33.7 45.2 142.5-18.3 4.9
3.5 3.6 ..
46 152 21,287
350 446 336,78815,984 15,471 8,508
.. ..87.3 145.8 125.724.7 91.5 80.6
172 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Romania
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
21.3 19.9 2,3619.9 9.5 1,2547.2 7.0 5.9
3,930 9,520 7,9265.8 1.5 5.79.5 5.4 7.3
28.2 27.3 35.923.8 21.5 21.862.3 67.4 56.8
9.0 1.13.8 6.4 20.6
32.9 41.1 27.743.0 41.0 27.3
.. 3711 8 24
5 5 7190 159 309
28 13 21.. 3.3 2.6.. 10.9 17.7
92.3 56.46.1 4.1 2.9
1.1 15.8
27.4 6.8.. 34.6
36.0 41.323.6 51.818.2 34.4
13,938 6,863 305,9346.9 1.9 2.8
24.3 22.0 30.921.3 17.3 ..
.. 41.5 ..
24.7 33.3 49.210.7 7.4 10.0
1.4 13.9 4.019.8 31.2 106.8
6.7 6.613.2 5.4 6.2
39 42 7,774771 776 268,530
2,365 2,495 3,214.. 1.4
60.4 105.9 101.421.5 54.1 47.7
173The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Russian Federation
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
143.5 143.8 1,39875.4 76.8 689
7.1 5.1 7.24,450 13,220 38,301
6.0 2.9 1.85.0 4.2 1.6
38.1 35.8 24.518.3 15.6 14.957.0 60.0 73.912.7 7.8
8.4 11.5 18.535.2 30.0 30.321.5 22.9 29.8
.. 51
.. 11 15
.. 4 6
.. 168 17924 21 13
.. 2.0 2.0
.. .. 13.2381.0 427.4
3.7 4.2 6.4
5.2 14.759.3 7.3
.. 30.222.3 21.318.2 120.411.3 12.6
76,438 48,986 ..2.0 1.2 1.7
17.8 20.6 20.414.0 18.3 ..
16.7 13.6 65.723.9 50.1 ..12.1 8.5 8.0
2.6 6.7 3.325.9 59.3 142.5-7.2 3.76.7 5.1 ..
391 748 21,2871,804 3,903 336,7885,770 6,539 8,508
.. 0.383.4 155.1 125.715.2 70.5 80.6
174 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Rwanda
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
9.0 11.3 6224.4 5.7 2710.6 0.6 5.7
270 700 6287.7 7.2 6.4
38.4 33.1 31.711.8 14.4 21.7
5.6 4.8 8.849.8 52.5 46.6
9.0 1.825.3 11.9 5.311.5 14.9 24.325.2 30.5 42.7
.. 6218 6 27
9 7 8168 109 267
60 26 36.. 2.5 3.3.. 25.8 18.3
0.4 10.00.1 1.5 0.6
5.9 5.24.9 4.5
47.1 56.732.5 43.918.2 31.410.8 11.7
541 268 7,5010.4 3.7 4.4
15.8 25.3 25.17.7 8.4 ..
.. .. ..
14.2 .. 26.79.4 13.7 ..
29.0 5.2 ..11.2 .. 20.7
4.0 ..8.1 .. ..
.. 12 266.. .. .... .. ..
9.9 4.02.4 64.0 56.70.6 10.6 6.3
175The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Samoa
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.18 0.19 2,8780.05 0.05 1,169
.. .. 5.32,370 4,060 2,018
3.6 1.2 5.7.. .. 16.6.. .. 31.1.. .. 16.8.. .. 51.9
1.9 –0.48.7 1.7 11.5
28.4 28.2 25.749.4 52.5 29.5
.. 9635 9 20
8 4 7224 224 307
24 21 25.. 2.0 2.9.. 11.3 15.8
0.1 0.10.8 1.0 1.7
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 138,623
0.8 2.9 2.1.. .. 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
34.5 40.8 48.7.. 17.1 10.6.. 8.3 5.5
34.9 74.9 41.410.5 9.7
7.1 7.0 7.2
11 .. 2,666
.. .. 72,101
.. .. 743
.. ..13.3 55.5 87.6
3.4 21.2 22.6
176 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
San Marino
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.03 0.03 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
41,830 .. 38,3013.2 .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. 76.. 17 15.. 8 6.. 52 179.. 15 13.. 2.3 2.0.. 10.2 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
51.1 .. 65.7.. .. .... 6.2 8.0.. 43.1 3.3.. .. 142.5
5.2 ..5.8 4.8 ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
57.6 118.8 125.750.3 49.6 80.6
177The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
São Tomé and Príncipe
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.15 0.19 2,8780.05 0.07 1,169
.. .. 5.3780 1,670 2,0185.6 4.5 5.7
18.4 23.2 16.615.0 10.3 31.1
5.4 3.8 16.866.6 66.5 51.917.2 7.0
7.7 0.8 11.5.. .. 25.7.. .. 29.5
.. 166
144 5 2010 3 7
424 424 30727 26 25
.. 6.2 2.9
.. 20.2 15.8
.. 0.3
.. 3.0 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 138,623
12.4 8.0 2.1.. .. 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
27.0 36.5 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
24.0 28.3 41.410.0 9.619.1 12.5 7.2
1 .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
7.7 64.9 87.613.8 24.4 22.6
178 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
Saudi Arabia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
24.7 30.9 1,3988.3 12.1 6895.9 5.6 7.2
12,460 25,140 38,3015.9 5.4 1.83.2 1.9 1.6
62.1 56.4 24.59.5 10.7 14.9
34.7 40.7 73.90.7 2.70.7 0.7 18.5
57.1 47.0 30.324.9 33.9 29.8
.. 8270 19 1517 12 669 64 17917 13 13
.. .. 2.0
.. 2.2 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
3.7 1.1 1.719.3 25.3 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
17.9 35.0 ..8.8 13.8 8.01.9 1.1 3.3
35.4 44.4 142.5.. .... .. ..
116 253 21,2873,733 6,327 336,7886,367 8,741 8,508
.. ..57.4 179.6 125.712.7 63.7 80.6
179The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Senegal
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
11.3 14.7 2,8784.8 6.3 1,1699.2 10.0 5.3
770 1,050 2,0184.3 3.6 5.7
16.8 15.8 16.623.6 23.5 31.115.0 13.1 16.859.6 60.7 51.9
1.7 –1.18.3 3.6 11.5
27.0 27.4 25.742.4 46.3 29.5
.. 15357 6 2011 4 7
696 620 30721 12 25
.. 3.0 2.9
.. 18.4 15.81.0 2.40.2 0.3 1.7
2.9 3.0
18.7 7.374.1 76.4
9.6 19.69.4 24.86.1 9.3
2,199 1,233 138,6231.9 2.2 2.1
23.3 26.3 25.117.4 19.9 20.7
.. .. ..
25.4 36.0 48.77.6 9.8 10.6
11.9 20.3 5.523.2 33.2 41.4
.. ..
.. .. 7.2
6 4 2,666
424 450 72,101158 219 74311.5 6.015.4 98.8 87.6
4.8 17.7 22.6
180 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Serbia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
7.4 7.1 2,3613.3 3.1 1,254
20.8 22.2 5.93,630 5,820 7,926
5.5 0.5 5.712.0 9.7 7.329.3 29.8 35.917.3 19.1 21.858.7 60.5 56.816.1 2.1
3.2 .. 20.627.1 44.3 27.747.1 54.3 27.3
.. 5923 12 2411 6 7
279 244 30933 12 21
.. 2.0 2.6
.. 16.0 17.710.2 8.0
2.0 1.6 2.9
6.9 13.259.6 3.7
.. 37.529.9 38.417.7 57.914.1 32.5
3,024 729 305,9347.8 4.6 2.8
20.1 17.2 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. ..
22.7 43.6 49.216.2 20.7 10.023.8 21.5 4.027.9 43.8 106.8
2.2 12.713.1 8.0 6.2
17 32 7,774.. .. 268,530
3,922 4,444 3,214.. 0.6
67.0 122.1 101.426.3 53.5 47.7
181The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa High income
Seychelles
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.08 0.09 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
11,140 14,120 38,3012.4 6.2 1.83.3 2.3 1.6
16.4 12.3 24.58.7 7.2 14.9
63.2 71.1 73.90.9 1.4
19.2 .. 18.578.3 83.1 30.3
100.0 98.2 29.8
.. 95
33 32 1510 9 676 85 17917 16 13
.. 2.0 2.0
.. 18.8 13.2
.. ..
.. .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
15 0.8 ..8.8 7.6 1.7
30.4 37.3 20.422.8 31.0 ..
.. 73.0 65.7
80.5 60.0 ..6.7 8.3 8.04.4 8.0 3.3
24.9 23.6 142.59.3 8.26.0 9.3 ..
20 15 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
67.5 162.2 125.725.4 54.3 80.6
182 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Sierra Leone
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
5.1 6.3 6221.9 2.4 2713.4 3.3 5.7
320 700 6287.2 11.0 6.4
52.5 56.0 31.712.0 15.6 21.7
2.6 1.7 8.835.6 28.3 46.612.1 7.331.1 0.0 5.317.8 .. 24.329.7 .. 42.7
.. 14726 10 27
8 6 8390 344 267
31 25 36.. 2.3 3.3.. 18.8 18.3
0.5 1.10.2 0.3 0.6
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
281 74 7,5015.6 14.3 4.4
11.5 .. 25.16.5 .. ..
.. .. ..
10.0 16.3 26.720.0 12.0 ..26.8 33.4 ..
3.4 4.9 20.76.8 19.6
12.8 12.8 ..
0 2 266.. .. .... .. .... ..
14.3 76.7 56.70.2 2.1 6.3
183The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific High income
Singapore
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
4.3 5.5 1,3982.2 3.1 6894.1 3.0 7.2
28,370 55,150 38,3016.0 5.8 1.80.1 0.0 1.6
32.4 24.9 24.527.8 18.4 14.967.6 75.0 73.9
0.4 1.056.9 47.2 18.5
226.1 187.6 30.3196.3 163.2 29.8
.. 16 3 156 3 6
49 84 1796 6 13.. 0.8 2.0.. 2.0 13.2
18.7 38.36.0 9.5 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
14.2 21.9 1.723.1 25.4 20.4
.. .. ..
95.3 109.7 65.799.8 126.7 ..
9.6 8.4 8.03.8 0.8 3.3
89.5 131.5 142.53.0 5.14.9 5.2 ..
77 189 21,28723,192 34,832 336,788
8,678 8,840 8,508.. ..
97.5 146.9 125.761.0 82.0 80.6
184 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.04 0.04 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9.. .... .. 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. .... .. 125.7.. .. 80.6
185The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Slovak Republic
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
5.4 5.4 1,3982.7 2.7 689
16.2 13.3 7.211,280 17,750 38,301
5.8 2.4 1.83.6 4.4 1.6
36.1 33.6 24.523.6 20.9 14.960.3 62.0 73.9
2.7 –0.17.4 10.2 18.5
72.3 91.9 30.376.9 88.2 29.8
.. 2927 12 15
9 6 6325 188 179
22 16 13.. 4.0 2.0.. 10.5 13.2
11.8 12.03.1 3.1 6.4
2.5 8.2
31.3 2.5.. 42.8
34.0 40.27.4 39.1
12.3 42.9
.. .. ..
4.8 0.1 1.727.4 20.9 20.4
.. .. ..
36.4 63.2 65.748.2 .. ..
7.0 11.9 8.05.0 5.3 3.3
34.5 50.2 142.54.1 ..4.2 .. ..
14 1 21,287.. .. 336,788
4,933 5,202 8,508.. 0.5
84.2 116.9 125.755.2 80.0 80.6
186 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Slovenia
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
2.0 2.1 1,3981.0 1.0 6896.5 9.5 7.2
18,440 23,580 38,3013.7 –0.2 1.82.6 2.2 1.6
34.1 33.1 24.523.6 23.1 14.963.3 64.7 73.9
2.5 0.24.9 5.8 18.5
59.6 76.5 30.360.2 68.7 29.8
.. 2960 6 15
9 2 6260 245 179
20 16 13.. 0.8 2.0.. 12.7 13.2
3.3 6.22.4 4.4 6.4
2.4 10.1
14.0 0.3.. 26.5
42.7 36.212.7 63.330.5 22.5
.. .. ..
2.7 2.1 1.726.6 19.6 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
12,640.1 .. ..8.5 .. 8.02.5 11.7 3.3
52.1 55.0 142.56.2 ..4.6 .. ..
18 17 21,287306 647 336,788
6,918 6,833 8,508.. 0.2
87.9 112.1 125.746.8 71.6 80.6
187The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Solomon Islands
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.47 0.57 2,8780.18 0.23 1,169
3.6 3.9 5.3900 1,830 2,0183.9 6.0 5.7
34.5 .. 16.68.1 .. 31.15.7 .. 16.8
57.4 .. 51.97.3 5.2
.. 0.0 11.534.1 56.4 25.754.6 66.8 29.5
.. 11255 9 20
7 7 780 80 30724 22 25
.. 1.0 2.9
.. 23.3 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 138,623
0.1 1.8 2.112.5 .. 25.1
.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
25.7 35.7 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
20.6 36.5 41.48.4 2.0
13.4 10.7 7.2
12 12 2,666
.. .. 72,101
.. .. 743
.. ..1.3 65.8 87.60.8 9.0 22.6
188 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Somalia
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
8.5 10.5 6222.5 3.1 2716.9 6.9 5.7
.. .. 628
.. .. 6.4
.. .. 31.7
.. .. 21.7
.. .. 8.8
.. .. 46.6
.. ..
.. .. 5.3
.. 14.4 24.3
.. 61.0 42.7
.. .... .. 27.. .. 8.. .. 267.. .. 36.. .. 3.3.. .. 18.3.. .... .. 0.6 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
1 10 7,501.. 1.8 4.4.. 7.9 25.1.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 26.7.. .. .... .. .... .. 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. 3 266.. .. .... .. .... ..
5.9 50.9 56.71.1 1.6 6.3
189The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
South Africa
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
47.3 54.0 2,36117.3 20.0 1,25423.8 25.1 5.9
5,050 6,800 7,9264.0 2.5 5.72.7 2.5 7.3
30.3 29.5 35.918.1 13.3 21.867.1 68.1 56.8
3.4 6.46.7 5.9 20.6
26.4 31.3 27.726.7 33.1 27.3
.. 7333 46 24
9 6 7350 200 309
25 16 21.. 2.0 2.6.. 21.7 17.7
227.6 217.67.4 6.5 2.9
5.9 ..3.1 ..
45.3 ..21.1 ..15.8 ..26.4 ..
14,504 18,619 305,9342.5 1.6 2.8
17.2 20.3 30.912.8 12.9 ..
.. .. ..
54.4 60.0 49.27.9 7.6 10.01.8 3.2 4.0
138.2 151.5 106.84.9 3.14.6 3.3 6.2
148 196 7,7743,111 4,831 268,5304,689 4,328 3,214
0.9 ..70.4 149.2 101.4
7.5 49.0 47.7
190 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
South Sudan
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
8.1 11.9 622.. .. 271.. .. 5.7.. 970 628.. –12.1 6.4.. .. 31.7.. .. 21.7.. .. 8.8.. .. 46.6.. 3.3.. .. 5.3.. 20.2 24.3.. 34.0 42.7
.. 187.. 14 27.. 13 8.. 210 267.. 55 36.. .. 3.3.. 6.9 18.3
0.1 2.10.0 0.3 0.6
.. 18.0.. 30.6.. 69.8.. 6.0.. 9.7.. 2.6
.. 111 7,501.. –5.3 4.4.. 10.4 25.1.. 5.0 ..
.. .. .... .. 26.7.. .. .... .. .... .. 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. .. 266.. .. .... 39 .... 1.5.. 24.5 56.7.. 15.9 6.3
191The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Spain
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
43.7 46.5 1,39821.2 23.3 689
9.3 24.7 7.225,930 29,390 38,301
2.9 –1.1 1.83.0 2.5 1.6
30.4 22.4 24.515.7 13.2 14.966.5 75.1 73.9
3.4 –0.17.3 7.0 18.5
24.7 32.5 30.329.7 30.1 29.8
.. 3370 14 1510 7 6
298 158 17910 10 13
.. 1.5 2.0
.. 13.3 13.2131.1 91.5
4.4 3.0 6.4
0.8 ..14.3 ..
.. ..35.8 ..
9.3 ..21.3 ..
.. .. ..
2.6 2.5 1.729.9 19.6 20.4
.. .. ..
38.0 96.5 65.7
.. .. ..6.3 7.2 8.00.8 8.5 3.3
135.5 129.1 142.50.2 ..1.8 .. ..
586 486 21,2879,171 14,711 336,7886,111 5,401 8,508
.. ..98.4 107.8 125.747.9 76.2 80.6
192 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
South Asia Lower middle income
Sri Lanka
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
19.6 20.8 2,8788.0 8.6 1,1697.7 4.6 5.3
1,210 3,440 2,0185.5 6.8 5.7
11.8 8.3 16.630.2 30.1 31.119.5 18.8 16.858.0 61.7 51.911.6 3.3
2.3 0.9 11.532.3 .. 25.741.3 .. 29.5
.. 10746 10 20
9 8 7256 167 307
25 16 25.. 1.7 2.9.. 1.1 15.8
2.9 7.00.2 0.5 1.7
.. 1.7.. 7.7.. 47.4.. 40.6.. 42.4.. 9.1
2,503 1,414 138,6231.1 1.2 2.1
23.4 .. 25.119.5 .. 20.7
90.6 68.7 ..37.0 34.5 48.7
5.7 8.2 10.69.6 4.2 5.5
32.9 26.8 41.40.3 5.05.1 0.3 7.2
20 32 2,6662,455 4,908 72,101
398 526 743.. 4.1
16.8 103.2 87.61.8 25.8 22.6
193The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
St. Kitts and Nevis
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.05 0.05 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2
10,970 14,920 38,3013.4 1.9 1.81.9 1.5 1.6
25.9 25.3 24.57.5 10.5 14.9
72.2 73.2 73.93.4 0.20.7 0.1 18.5
41.7 38.5 30.351.6 47.3 29.8
.. 12419 19 15
7 7 6172 203 179
17 13 13.. .. 2.0.. 30.5 13.2.. 0.2.. 5.7 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. 17 ..
17.1 14.1 1.742.2 30.1 20.4
.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7
110.2 149.0 .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3
54.9 58.5 142.510.9 7.9
5.5 6.1 ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
103.8 118.6 125.734.0 65.4 80.6
194 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
St. Lucia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.17 0.18 2,3610.08 0.10 1,254
.. .. 5.95,360 7,260 7,926
3.0 –0.3 5.73.5 2.8 7.3
18.9 13.5 35.95.2 2.8 21.8
77.6 83.7 56.83.9 3.58.5 5.2 20.6
55.4 44.7 27.762.8 50.3 27.3
.. 7722 11 24
6 5 771 110 30922 14 21
.. 2.0 2.6
.. 25.8 17.7
.. 0.1
.. 0.6 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
60 .. 305,9348.3 5.4 2.8
28.5 18.7 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. ..
78.7 85.4 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
75.0 98.9 106.83.3 4.07.8 6.2 6.2
.. .. 7,774
56 71 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
63.9 102.6 101.421.6 51.0 47.7
195The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
St. Martin (French part)
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.03 0.03 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9.. .... .. 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. .... .. 125.7.. .. 80.6
196 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.11 0.11 2,3610.05 0.05 1,254
.. .. 5.94,950 6,610 7,926
4.1 0.2 5.76.3 7.8 7.3
18.8 17.1 35.95.9 5.0 21.8
74.9 75.2 56.83.7 0.20.1 0.1 20.6
36.4 25.1 27.752.9 56.5 27.3
.. 11112 10 24
8 7 776 108 30915 12 21
.. .. 2.6
.. 30.2 17.70.1 0.11.8 1.4 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 305,934
7.3 19.0 2.825.1 22.3 30.9
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
64.9 75.1 49.2.. 7.6 10.0.. 10.0 4.0
45.6 52.1 106.86.4 8.46.7 6.4 6.2
.. .. 7,774.. 24 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
64.9 105.2 101.49.2 56.5 47.7
197The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Sudan
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
32.0 39.4 2,8789.6 12.5 1,169
14.7 14.8 5.3560 1,710 2,0187.5 0.6 5.7
31.5 29.2 16.627.7 20.4 31.1
6.9 8.4 16.840.8 50.4 51.9
8.5 36.90.6 0.7 11.5
19.2 6.1 25.728.4 13.0 29.5
.. 15937 36 2010 10 7
180 180 30756 32 25
.. 2.0 2.9
.. 11.5 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. 4.1.. 3.2.. 90.5.. 2.6.. 5.8.. 7.0
2,656 1,234 138,6235.9 1.7 2.1
23.1 17.3 25.118.2 15.6 20.7
.. .. ..
14.3 12.6 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
10.4 8.5 41.4.. .... .. 7.2
9 7 2,666
342 566 72,10176 159 743
.. 3.44.8 72.2 87.61.3 24.6 22.6
a
a
a
198 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
Suriname
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.49 0.54 2,3610.18 0.21 1,254
6.3 5.6 5.93,380 9,950 7,926
5.2 3.6 5.75.4 7.0 7.3
37.3 48.6 35.918.4 16.4 21.857.3 44.4 56.8
9.9 3.413.7 20.7 20.630.4 .. 27.745.2 .. 27.3
.. 156697 84 24
13 13 7199 199 309
20 22 21.. 5.0 2.6.. 27.9 17.7
0.2 0.50.5 1.4 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
60 .. 305,9341.6 –4.0 2.8
24.9 .. 30.919.6 .. ..
.. .. ..
37.3 49.5 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
19.3 29.9 106.81.7 12.6
10.1 4.9 6.2
5 4 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
46.6 170.6 101.46.4 40.1 47.7
199The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Swaziland
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
1.1 1.3 2,8780.36 0.46 1,16922.9 22.3 5.3
2,390 3,550 2,0182.5 2.3 5.78.8 6.3 16.6
44.7 44.1 31.138.9 37.4 16.846.5 49.6 51.9
4.8 5.70.1 .. 11.5
87.1 44.4 25.791.2 56.8 29.5
.. 10560 30 2012 12 7
104 110 30721 17 25
.. 2.0 2.9
.. 25.6 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7
4.4 ..3.3 ..
39.7 ..16.0 ..16.9 ..22.1 ..
66 11 138,623–1.8 0.6 2.115.0 14.3 25.1
7.1 .. 20.7
.. .. ..
19.6 23.2 48.714.4 12.6 10.6
7.0 6.9 5.521.1 21.2 41.4
7.9 2.46.6 6.5 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743
1.8 ..18.1 72.3 87.6
3.7 27.1 22.6
200 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Sweden
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
9.0 9.7 1,3984.8 5.1 6897.8 8.0 7.2
45,350 61,570 38,3012.4 2.0 1.81.1 1.4 1.6
29.7 26.0 24.520.5 16.4 14.969.2 72.6 73.9
0.5 –0.216.9 13.9 18.545.9 44.5 30.338.7 40.8 29.8
.. 816 7 15
3 3 6122 122 179
9 9 13.. 2.0 2.0.. 13.1 13.2
20.6 42.13.5 6.9 6.4
.. 4.9.. 0.3.. 29.7.. 26.6.. 24.3.. 39.1
.. .. ..
5.2 –0.4 1.722.1 23.5 20.4
.. .. ..
.. 42.0 65.7
44.8 65.0 ..4.9 5.1 8.00.8 1.2 3.3
99.9 131.8 142.52.5 ..2.5 .. ..
190 .. 21,2871,253 1,684 336,788
15,431 13,870 8,508.. ..
100.8 127.8 125.784.8 92.5 80.6
201The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
Switzerland
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
7.4 8.2 1,3984.2 4.8 6894.4 4.5 7.2
61,550 84,720 38,3012.2 1.8 1.80.9 0.8 1.6
26.8 26.3 24.519.6 19.0 14.972.3 73.0 73.9
1.2 0.024.2 26.4 18.553.9 64.3 30.346.7 53.0 29.8
.. 2618 10 15
6 6 663 63 179
8 8 13.. 3.0 2.0.. 9.3 13.2
11.1 13.72.2 2.5 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
0.7 3.2 1.724.5 23.7 20.4
.. .. ..
38.3 24.2 65.7
127.9 171.5 ..4.9 6.3 8.00.5 0.7 3.3
150.2 171.1 142.52.5 3.42.6 2.7 ..
135 248 21,287104 128 336,788
8,305 7,807 8,508.. ..
92.2 136.7 125.770.1 87.0 80.6
202 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
Syrian Arab Republic
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
18.1 22.2 2,8785.2 6.1 1,1699.2 10.8 5.3
1,530 .. 2,0185.0 .. 5.7
19.5 .. 16.636.2 .. 31.1
8.0 .. 16.844.3 .. 51.9
7.2 36.72.1 .. 11.5
40.4 .. 25.741.6 .. 29.5
.. 17543 13 2012 7 7
336 336 30721 18 25
.. 4.1 2.9
.. 23.0 15.80.1 0.60.0 0.0 1.7
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
625 598 138,6231.7 .. 2.1
23.0 .. 25.111.9 .. 20.7
.. .. ..
46.2 .. 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
14.8 .. 41.4–3.5 ..–1.0 .. 7.2
17 5 2,666539 836 72,101
1,517 999 743.. ..
16.2 63.9 87.65.6 28.1 22.6
203The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Tajikistan
2005 2014 2014
Lower middle-incomegroupCountry data
6.8 8.3 2,8782.8 3.7 1,169
11.8 10.9 5.3320 1,080 2,0188.5 7.2 5.7
24.0 27.4 16.631.3 21.7 31.123.7 11.2 16.844.8 50.8 51.9
7.1 6.1.. .. 11.5
26.0 19.2 25.752.8 68.3 29.5
.. 13279 11 2014 4 7
296 276 30771 71 25
.. 1.7 2.9
.. 17.7 15.80.8 1.30.2 0.3 1.7
4.2 21.9
71.5 31.9.. 34.5
8.0 19.25.3 19.26.4 16.9
1,136 320 138,6232.4 2.8 2.1
13.8 14.1 25.16.0 5.5 20.7
.. .. ..
5.2 10.9 48.7.. 14.9 10.6
11.3 21.2 5.59.1 21.5 41.4
12.6 18.113.1 19.0 7.2
7 3 2,666.. .. 72,101
2,144 1,682 743.. 6.1
3.9 95.1 87.60.3 17.5 22.6
204 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Tanzania
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
39.1 51.8 62219.2 25.3 271
2.5 3.1 5.7410 920 6286.9 6.7 6.4
30.5 31.5 31.721.0 25.0 21.7
7.8 6.1 8.848.5 43.5 46.6
5.0 6.11.1 2.7 5.3
16.9 19.5 24.322.2 29.9 42.7
.. 13934 26 2711 9 8
172 179 26730 18 36
.. 3.0 3.3
.. 20.8 18.3
.. ..
.. .. 0.6
4.0 2.014.7 14.666.9 72.617.3 14.744.3 52.614.7 17.6
2,420 1,305 7,5015.5 4.3 4.4
25.2 32.7 25.115.6 .. ..
.. .. ..
17.8 19.1 26.7.. 10.3 ..
9.2 6.6 ..8.5 13.8 20.7
–8.9 11.110.5 6.4 ..
6 26 266
351 638 ..78 89 ..9.1 8.97.6 62.8 56.71.1 4.9 6.3
205The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Thailand
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
65.9 67.7 2,36137.6 40.1 1,254
1.3 0.9 5.92,770 5,780 7,926
4.8 3.9 5.79.2 10.5 7.3
38.6 36.8 35.929.8 27.7 21.852.2 52.7 56.8
4.5 1.926.7 20.4 20.668.4 69.2 27.769.5 62.6 27.3
.. 4933 28 24
9 6 7264 264 309
24 14 21.. 2.7 2.6.. 19.5 17.7
32.2 43.60.7 0.9 2.9
0.4 ..
.. ..
.. ..71.9 ..27.9 ..39.0 ..
8,959 14,121 305,9344.3 0.9 2.8
27.7 24.6 30.920.3 19.1 ..
25.5 29.2 ..94.6 116.5 49.2
9.0 9.2 10.09.1 2.3 4.0
93.8 146.8 106.80.7 5.73.9 4.8 6.2
124 323 7,7745,115 8,284 268,5301,902 2,471 3,214
1.3 ..46.5 144.4 101.415.0 34.9 47.7
206 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Timor-Leste
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.98 1.2 2,8780.25 0.26 1,169
7.2 4.7 5.3910 2,680 2,0183.4 6.8 5.7
28.2 19.2 16.69.8 17.6 31.12.5 0.9 16.8
62.0 63.2 51.91.1 0.40.0 9.8 11.58.1 7.7 25.7
63.7 95.9 29.5
.. 173
167 9 2011 4 7
640 276 30728 28 25
.. .. 2.9
.. 11.2 15.8
.. 2.9
.. 4.6 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 138,623
0.2 2.4 2.118.9 38.7 25.112.0 6.8 20.7
.. .. .... .. 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
21.6 13.5 41.417.6 12.415.9 12.0 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
3.3 119.4 87.60.1 1.1 22.6
207The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Togo
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
5.6 7.1 6222.5 3.3 2717.1 6.9 5.7
360 570 6282.2 5.2 6.4
39.4 41.7 31.717.2 17.2 21.7
8.5 5.7 8.843.4 41.1 46.6
6.8 0.20.1 0.2 5.3
40.0 50.4 24.358.7 100.8 42.7
.. 15063 10 2713 6 8
270 270 26734 24 36
.. 3.0 3.3
.. 10.7 18.30.0 1.00.0 0.3 0.6
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
340 578 7,5014.5 6.5 4.4
15.8 21.5 25.113.1 14.5 ..
.. .. ..
22.3 41.7 26.7.. .. .... .. ..
17.5 34.1 20.7.. .... .. ..
.. 11 266.. .. ..
110 148 .... ..
7.8 64.6 56.71.8 5.7 6.3
208 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Tonga
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.10 0.11 2,3610.04 0.04 1,254
.. .. 5.92,500 4,260 7,926
0.7 0.9 5.721.0 20.5 7.319.9 18.8 35.9
8.8 6.9 21.859.1 60.7 56.8
8.3 2.5.. 2.4 20.6
18.0 17.8 27.758.9 53.5 27.3
.. 7832 16 24
4 4 7164 200 309
21 22 21.. 2.7 2.6.. 23.8 17.7
0.1 0.12.3 1.9 2.9
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. 6 305,934
2.8 12.9 2.822.4 33.6 30.9
.. .. ..
.. .. ..
44.1 42.8 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0
53.3 29.8 106.84.8 6.55.5 6.1 6.2
5 .. 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
29.6 64.3 101.44.9 40.0 47.7
209The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Trinidad and Tobago
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
1.3 1.4 1,3980.66 0.69 689
8.0 4.0 7.211,210 20,070 38,301
7.4 0.9 1.80.5 0.6 1.6
60.3 56.5 24.55.5 6.4 14.9
39.2 42.9 73.96.9 5.71.3 .. 18.5
66.1 44.4 30.339.2 31.5 29.8
.. 8874 12 15
9 7 6210 210 179
14 11 13.. 2.5 2.0.. 21.9 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
5.9 8.4 1.730.2 13.8 20.422.0 6.9 ..
16.8 .. 65.743.3 50.8 ..
.. .. 8.0
.. .. 3.334.6 28.3 142.5–3.7 2.86.9 6.0 ..
14 36 21,287515 739 336,788
5,142 6,876 8,508.. ..
71.3 147.3 125.729.0 65.1 80.6
210 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
Tunisia
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
10.0 11.0 2,3613.4 4.0 1,254
14.2 13.3 5.93,190 4,230 7,926
4.6 2.1 5.710.1 8.8 7.329.3 29.3 35.917.4 16.7 21.860.6 61.9 56.8
2.0 4.94.5 4.9 20.6
44.9 44.6 27.745.3 55.4 27.3
.. 7411 11 2410 10 7
268 144 30916 16 21
.. 1.3 2.6
.. 12.8 17.75.6 12.70.8 1.5 2.9
.. 46.5.. 4.9.. 45.2.. 44.7.. 89.3.. 16.8
4,812 647 305,9342.2 2.1 2.8
21.3 19.2 30.918.3 .. ..
52.4 44.6 ..45.3 57.6 49.2
7.7 6.3 10.020.9 15.8 4.058.3 76.5 106.8
.. ..
.. .. 6.2
21 45 7,774
421 601 268,5301,092 1,435 3,214
.. 0.356.5 128.5 101.4
9.7 46.2 47.7
211The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Turkey
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
67.9 75.9 2,36122.3 27.8 1,25410.6 9.2 5.9
6,510 10,830 7,9264.9 5.2 5.7
10.8 8.0 7.328.5 27.1 35.919.8 17.8 21.860.7 64.9 56.810.1 8.9
1.5 1.9 20.621.9 27.7 27.725.4 32.2 27.3
.. 557 8 247 8 7
254 226 30920 13 21
.. 4.5 2.6
.. 17.9 17.745.8 57.8
1.0 1.1 2.9
6.3 19.08.4 1.2
.. 40.036.8 42.411.1 8.326.7 32.4
43,387 54,329 305,9342.1 1.6 2.8
21.0 20.1 30.917.7 15.9 ..
.. 38.0 ..
37.7 54.7 49.212.3 11.6 10.0
4.3 2.7 4.022.2 74.6 106.8
.. ..
.. .. 6.2
146 723 7,774
3,174 7,623 268,5302,015 2,789 3,214
.. 1.764.4 94.8 101.415.5 51.0 47.7
212 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
Turkmenistan
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
4.7 5.3 2,3611.9 2.3 1,254
11.1 10.5 5.91,600 8,020 7,926
8.0 11.3 5.718.8 14.5 7.337.6 48.4 35.921.7 .. 21.843.6 37.0 56.8
.. ..
.. .. 20.665.0 73.3 27.747.8 44.4 27.3
.. ..
.. .. 24
.. .. 7
.. .. 309
.. .. 21
.. .. 2.6
.. .. 17.7
.. ..
.. .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
203 45 305,9345.2 6.6 2.8
22.9 47.2 30.922.7 10.5 ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2.. 10.2 10.0.. 0.0 4.0.. .. 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
14 0 7,774.. .. 268,530
2,055 2,602 3,214.. ..
2.2 135.8 101.41.0 12.2 47.7
213The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Turks and Caicos Islands
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.03 0.03 1,398.. .. 689.. .. 7.2.. .. 38,301.. .. 1.8.. .. 1.6.. .. 24.5.. .. 14.9.. .. 73.9.. ..
9.2 1.9 18.5.. .. 30.3.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. .... .. 125.7.. .. 80.6
214 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
Tuvalu
2005 2014 2014
Uppermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.01 0.01 2,361.. .. 1,254.. .. 5.9
3,740 5,720 7,9261.2 2.1 5.7
22.6 22.2 7.38.6 8.7 35.90.9 1.2 21.8
68.8 69.1 56.8.. ..
15.0 .. 20.6.. .. 27.7.. .. 27.3
.. .... .. 24.. .. 7.. .. 309.. .. 21.. .. 2.6.. .. 17.7.. .... .. 2.9 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. 305,934
–0.1 0.9 2.8.. .. 30.9.. .. ..
.. .. .... .. 49.2.. .. 10.0.. .. 4.0.. .. 106.8.. .... .. 6.2
.. .. 7,774.. .. 268,530.. .. 3,214.. ..
13.4 38.4 101.410.0 37.0 47.7
215The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Uganda
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
28.0 37.8 62211.1 15.1 271
2.0 3.8 5.7300 670 6287.8 5.5 6.4
26.7 27.2 31.725.0 22.0 21.7
7.5 10.0 8.848.3 50.8 46.6
8.4 4.312.5 2.4 5.314.2 18.4 24.324.8 28.5 42.7
.. 12234 27 2718 15 8
237 209 26738 28 36
.. 2.2 3.3
.. 25.2 18.38.2 20.80.6 1.2 0.6
5.2 6.5
14.5 14.373.1 95.214.0 21.433.0 18.115.5 11.6
3,621 600 7,5014.2 4.2 4.4
22.2 27.0 25.117.2 20.8 ..
64.9 33.2 ..14.9 18.3 26.711.9 13.0 ..
2.3 4.1 ..8.6 14.4 20.7
21.8 18.810.9 10.7 ..
0 7 266.. .. .... .. ..
10.6 6.34.6 52.4 56.71.7 17.7 6.3
216 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Ukraine
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
47.1 45.4 2,87823.3 23.1 1,169
7.2 7.7 5.31,540 3,560 2,018
5.7 0.8 5.710.4 11.8 16.632.3 25.4 31.119.6 13.1 16.857.3 62.8 51.913.6 12.2
3.7 6.5 11.551.5 49.2 25.750.6 53.2 29.5
.. 8334 7 2015 4 7
2,085 350 30730 29 25
.. 2.9 2.9
.. 9.0 15.827.7 29.7
0.8 0.9 1.7
8.0 19.649.5 50.0
.. 50.127.3 14.833.5 6.712.9 16.6
7,058 4,460 138,6239.1 0.6 2.1
22.0 14.0 25.120.1 12.7 20.7
.. 33.7 ..
30.1 42.8 48.711.9 11.2 10.658.0 19.0 5.532.2 76.2 41.4–6.7 2.67.6 5.6 7.2
42 48 2,666579 849 72,101
3,246 3,600 743.. 0.3
63.7 144.1 87.63.7 43.4 22.6
217The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa High income
United Arab Emirates
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
4.5 9.1 1,3982.8 6.3 6893.1 3.6 7.2
38,390 44,600 38,3015.3 4.8 1.81.4 0.7 1.6
56.1 55.1 24.510.7 9.0 14.943.3 44.3 73.9
.. ..1.9 .. 18.5
67.6 98.0 30.352.0 77.9 29.8
.. 3119 8 1510 6 612 12 179
9 7 13.. 3.2 2.0.. 0.0 13.2
7.0 10.82.1 1.4 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
6.0 2.5 1.718.4 23.7 20.411.4 14.3 ..
.. 1.9 65.7
46.2 73.8 ..11.9 12.3 8.0
8.3 6.5 3.343.8 65.4 142.5
.. ..
.. .. ..
87 357 21,287
9,852 20,901 336,78812,571 10,904 8,508
.. ..109.3 178.1 125.7
40.0 90.4 80.6
218 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia High income
United Kingdom
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
60.4 64.6 1,39830.7 33.0 689
4.8 6.3 7.241,150 43,390 38,301
2.1 1.9 1.80.7 0.7 1.6
23.3 21.0 24.511.8 10.6 14.976.0 78.4 73.9
2.0 1.528.0 20.6 18.525.7 28.4 30.328.4 30.3 29.8
.. 612 5 15
6 4 6105 110 179
10 8 13.. 1.0 2.0.. 19.2 13.2
333.7 537.78.4 12.9 6.4
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
10.4 1.5 1.718.2 16.9 20.4
.. .. ..
46.3 98.3 65.7
.. .. ..6.1 5.6 8.01.0 1.8 3.3
150.5 138.9 142.51.7 –1.2
.. .. ..
1,018 1,070 21,2878,250 9,348 336,7886,271 5,407 8,508
.. ..108.6 123.6 125.7
70.0 91.6 80.6
219The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
North America High income
United States
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
295.5 318.9 1,398152.8 161.0 689
5.2 6.2 7.246,340 55,230 38,301
2.1 2.2 1.81.2 1.4 1.6
22.0 20.5 24.513.5 12.4 14.976.9 78.1 73.9
3.4 1.629.9 18.2 18.510.0 13.4 30.315.5 16.5 29.8
.. 7
.. 6 15
.. 6 6
.. 175 1796 6 13.. 1.5 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. ..
1.1 0.8 1.722.8 19.4 20.419.3 15.8 ..
56.3 97.2 65.75.3 10.3 ..
10.3 11.7 8.00.7 1.9 3.3
187.8 197.1 142.52.9 1.8
.. .. ..
9,970 9,553 21,287
38,498 46,489 336,78813,705 12,985 8,508
.. ..68.3 110.2 125.768.0 87.4 80.6
220 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Uruguay
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
3.3 3.4 1,3981.6 1.8 6898.5 7.0 7.2
4,720 16,350 38,3013.2 4.8 1.8
10.4 8.1 1.627.1 27.9 24.517.1 14.1 14.962.5 64.0 73.9
4.7 8.92.7 7.9 18.5
30.4 23.4 30.328.5 25.5 29.8
.. 9245 7 1511 5 6
304 277 17923 15 13
.. 1.8 2.0
.. 23.6 13.27.5 5.53.6 2.5 6.4
7.0 ..0.6 ..
87.1 ..20.6 ..38.6 ..
6.8 ..
241 4,532 ..4.8 4.9 1.7
16.5 21.4 20.413.2 16.8 ..
76.1 43.3 65.739.6 42.6 ..
7.2 9.3 8.05.6 1.3 3.3
22.5 26.9 142.512.8 5.510.8 10.6 ..
9 .. 21,287
596 905 336,7882,000 2,985 8,508
0.1 ..34.7 160.8 125.720.1 61.5 80.6
221The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
Uzbekistan
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
26.2 30.8 2,87810.6 13.6 1,16910.9 10.6 5.3530 2,090 2,0186.9 8.2 5.7
28.0 18.8 16.623.2 33.7 31.1
9.1 12.3 16.848.9 47.5 51.9
.. ..
.. .. 11.537.9 23.4 25.728.7 27.3 29.5
.. 8729 7 2011 5 7
196 193 30779 54 25
.. 2.0 2.9
.. 11.4 15.86.1 12.80.4 0.6 1.7
2.5 19.9
63.0 2.4.. 15.7
15.0 13.18.3 6.29.4 4.0
2,165 1,111 138,6231.3 1.2 2.1
17.9 25.2 25.114.6 20.6 20.7
.. .. .... .. 48.7
14.0 11.7 10.63.0 0.4 5.5
.. .. 41.4
.. ..
.. .. 7.2
22 23 2,666
.. .. 72,1011,717 1,637 743
.. 5.72.8 78.4 87.63.3 43.6 22.6
222 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Vanuatu
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
0.21 0.26 2,8780.09 0.12 1,169
.. .. 5.31,780 3,160 2,018
3.9 1.7 5.725.3 28.2 16.6
8.9 9.1 31.14.3 3.7 16.8
65.8 62.7 51.91.2 0.87.7 54.0 11.5
45.4 48.0 25.754.8 49.4 29.5
.. 9447 35 20
8 8 7120 120 307
26 21 25.. 2.6 2.9.. 0.0 15.8
0.5 ..4.4 .. 1.7
.. .... .... .... .... .... ..
41 .. 138,6233.4 1.6 2.1
23.4 25.9 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
92.4 66.8 48.7.. .. 10.6.. .. 5.5
43.6 71.7 41.47.0 2.65.5 3.6 7.2
2 11 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743.. ..
6.1 60.4 87.65.1 18.8 22.6
223The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Venezuela, RB
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
26.8 30.7 1,39812.2 14.3 68911.4 8.6 7.2
4,920 12,500 38,3015.1 1.9 1.84.0 5.5 1.6
57.8 49.3 24.516.4 13.8 14.938.2 .. 73.916.0 62.2
2.3 1.1 18.539.7 24.8 30.320.5 29.5 29.8
.. 186143 144 15
16 17 6864 792 179
34 56 13.. 4.0 2.0.. 9.9 13.2.. .... .. 6.4
33.6 ..2.6 ..
.. ..24.9 ..25.4 ..12.5 ..
3,740 1,168 ..1.9 0.6 1.7
20.3 22.2 20.412.1 .. ..
.. .. 65.7
20.3 46.9 ..11.1 10.5 8.0
1.1 0.8 3.313.1 29.9 142.5–9.9 –14.55.2 2.5 ..
136 95 21,2871,120 1,417 336,7882,850 3,245 8,508
0.6 ..46.8 99.0 125.712.6 57.0 80.6
224 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
Vietnam
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
82.4 90.7 2,87846.3 54.2 1,169
2.1 2.3 5.3680 1,890 2,0186.8 5.8 5.7
19.3 18.1 16.638.1 38.5 31.118.8 17.5 16.842.6 43.4 51.9
8.3 4.15.4 26.9 11.5
63.7 86.4 25.767.0 83.1 29.5
.. 9042 20 2011 10 7
1,050 770 30724 21 25
.. 5.0 2.9
.. 14.5 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
4,729 5,005 138,6233.4 4.9 2.1
31.3 23.8 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
12.1 14.6 48.7.. 9.9 10.6.. 3.4 5.5
60.5 100.3 41.41.7 4.83.9 2.9 7.2
54 145 2,6662,537 9,531 72,101
580 1,306 743.. ..
11.3 147.1 87.612.7 48.3 22.6
225The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Latin America & Caribbean High income
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
2005 2014 2014
High-incomegroupCountry data
0.11 0.10 1,3980.05 0.05 689
.. .. 7.2
.. .. 38,301
.. .. 1.8
.. .. 1.6
.. .. 24.5
.. .. 14.9
.. .. 73.9
.. ..
.. .. 18.5
.. .. 30.3
.. .. 29.8
.. .... .. 15.. .. 6.. .. 179.. .. 13.. .. 2.0.. .. 13.2.. .... .. 6.4 .. .... .... .... .... .... ..
.. .. .... .. 1.7.. .. 20.4.. .. ..
.. .. 65.7.. .. .... .. 8.0.. .. 3.3.. .. 142.5.. .... .. ..
.. .. 21,287.. .. 336,788.. .. 8,508.. ..
74.5 .. 125.727.3 50.1 80.6
226 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
West Bank and Gaza
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
3.3 4.3 2,8780.74 1.1 1,16926.0 26.2 5.3
1,660 3,060 2,0182.7 4.4 5.76.1 4.8 16.6
26.8 23.6 31.114.6 14.9 16.867.1 71.6 51.9
.. ..
.. .. 11.515.0 18.0 25.774.0 61.0 29.5
.. 12993 44 2012 9 7
170 162 30725 23 25
.. .. 2.9
.. 15.0 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7
5.7 4.42.7 2.9
.. 50.814.2 11.237.1 42.518.2 7.8
667 157 138,6230.7 1.0 2.1
25.3 21.3 25.1.. .. 20.7
.. .. .... .. 48.7.. 10.4 10.6.. 2.5 5.5
6.2 8.4 41.46.6 3.65.1 5.6 7.2
.. .. 2,666.. .. 72,101.. .. 743
2.3 8.715.9 72.1 87.616.0 53.7 22.6
227The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
Yemen, Rep.
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
20.5 26.2 2,8785.3 7.6 1,169
16.1 17.4 5.3690 1,300 2,0184.0 –2.7 5.7
10.5 .. 16.649.0 .. 31.1
7.1 .. 16.840.5 .. 51.911.8 11.0
0.2 1.2 11.540.9 .. 25.735.9 .. 29.5
.. 17063 40 2012 6 7
248 248 30733 29 25
.. 3.0 2.9
.. 20.0 15.8
.. ..
.. .. 1.7 .. 1.9.. 62.6.. 43.0.. 4.6.. 25.6.. 4.9
706 365 138,623–1.8 –0.4 2.118.5 .. 25.110.6 .. 20.7
.. .. ..
19.2 27.8 48.7.. 8.4 10.6.. 24.7 5.5
6.9 6.3 41.4–0.4 13.25.0 6.8 7.2
17 16 2,666773 862 72,101180 247 743
.. 38.811.3 68.5 87.6
1.0 22.6 22.6
228 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
Zambia
2005 2014 2014
Lowermiddle-incomegroupCountry data
12.0 15.7 2,8785.1 6.7 1,169
15.9 13.3 5.3550 1,680 2,0187.2 7.0 5.7
16.1 9.6 16.629.7 33.9 31.110.9 8.2 16.854.2 56.5 51.918.3 7.8
1.1 1.7 11.530.6 40.9 25.731.6 37.8 29.5
.. 9735 8 20
6 6 7183 157 307
53 51 25.. 2.4 2.9.. 2.0 15.8
3.4 10.20.6 1.3 1.7
4.6 8.84.9 9.0
73.8 78.315.0 9.997.0 18.917.2 15.5
1,321 604 138,6234.3 5.6 2.1
.. .. 25.1
.. .. 20.7
.. .. ..
13.3 18.5 48.7.. 13.5 10.6
10.8 7.0 5.56.6 17.1 41.49.9 2.8
17.0 3.7 7.2
6 8 2,666.. .. 72,101
682 731 7432.5 5.28.3 67.3 87.62.9 17.3 22.6
229The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Economic and social contextPopulation (millions)Labor force (millions)Unemployment rate (% of labor force)GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)GDP growth, 2000–09 and 2009–14 (average annual %)Agriculture value added (% of GDP)Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)Services value added (% of GDP)Inflation (annual % change in CPI)High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Business environmentEase of doing business (ranking 1–189; 1=best)Time to start a business (days)Procedures to start a business (number)Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes (hours)Time to export (days)Time to resolve insolvency (years)Profit tax (% of commercial profits)New businesses registered (thousands)New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.)Enterprise surveys Time spent dealing w/req. of gov't. reg. (% of sr. mgt. time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms competing against unregistered firms (%) Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) Internationally recognized quality certification (% of firms)
Private sector investmentInvest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2005–10 and 2011–15 ($ millions)Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP)Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Finance and bankingGovernment debt (% of GDP)Total financial system deposits (% of GDP)Bank capital to asset ratio (%)Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)Real interest rate (%)Interest rate spread (percentage points)
Infrastructure Air transport (thousands registered carrier departures worldwide)Port container traffic (thousand TEU)Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)Individuals using the Internet (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
Zimbabwe
2005 2014 2014
Low-incomegroupCountry data
13.0 15.2 6226.5 7.7 2714.6 5.4 5.7
430 840 628–7.2 8.6 6.418.6 14.0 31.728.7 29.4 21.716.4 11.9 8.852.7 56.6 46.6
302.1 –0.21.5 1.7 5.3
33.5 27.1 24.342.5 52.5 42.7
.. 15593 90 27
9 9 8216 242 267
52 53 36.. 3.3 3.3.. 18.8 18.3.. .... .. 0.6 .. 2.5.. 12.5.. 71.7.. 12.8.. 30.0.. 18.0
547 750 7,5011.8 3.8 4.42.0 13.2 25.10.0 9.8 ..
.. .. ..
155.8 .. 26.78.0 .. ..
23.2 .. ..15.8 .. 20.7
219.3 ..144.6 .. ..
4 25 266.. .. ..
830 532 .... 6.7
5.1 80.8 56.78.0 19.9 6.3
230 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
a . Excludes South Sudan .
Note
231The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2016
Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Air transport for registered carrier departures worldwide are domestic takeoffs and takeoffs abroad of air carriers registered in the country . (International Civil Aviation Organization)
Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets . Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments . Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital) . Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets . (International Monetary Fund)
Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans is the percentage value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions) . The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue . (International Monetary Fund)
Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service . (World Bank)
Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securi-ties, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment . For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises . (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organ-isation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 189, with 1 being the best . A high ranking (i .e ., low number) means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation . The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 11 topics covered in Doing Business 2016. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators . Data listed for 2014 are for June 2015 . (World Bank)
Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and com-bined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and trans-formation losses and own use by heat and power plants . (International Energy Agency)
Glossary
232 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Enterprise surveys gather firm-level data to benchmark the business environment of economies and assess how business environment con-straints affect productivity and job creation . (World Bank)
Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other mar-ket services provided to the rest of the world . They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services . They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called fac-tor services) as well as transfer payments . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development)
Firms competing against unregistered firms are the percentage of firms competing against unregistered or informal firms . (World Bank)
Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the per-centage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials . (World Bank)
Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital . (World Bank)
GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic prod-uct (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency . Aggregates are based on constant 2005 U .S . dollars . GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products . It is calculated without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources . (World Bank and Organ-isation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U .S . dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population . GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad . GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U .S . dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies . To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States . (World Bank)
Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term con-tractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date . It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money depos-
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its, and securities other than shares . It is the gross amount of govern-ment liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government . Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year . (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings . According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domestic assets . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
High-technology exports are products with high research and develop-ment intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, sci-entific instruments, and electrical machinery . (United Nations)
Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other mar-ket services received from the rest of the world . They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services . They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called fac-tor services) as well as transfer payments . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Individuals using the Internet are the percentage of individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 12 months . Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV, etc . (International Telecommunication Union)
Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufactur-ing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs . (World Bank and Organisation for Eco-nomic Co-operation and Development)
Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average con-sumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly . The Laspeyres formula is generally used . (International Monetary Fund)
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Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits . (International Monetary Fund)
Internationally recognized quality certification is the percentage of firms that have an internationally recognized quality certification . (World Bank)
Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infrastructure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and nat-ural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanita-tion that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures . Incin-erators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small proj-ects such as windmills are excluded . Data listed for 2005 and 2013 refer to total for the period 2005–10 and 2011–15 . (World Bank)
Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population . It includes both the employed and the unemployed . While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part- time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector . (International Labour Organization and World Bank)
Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions are the number of subscriptions to a public mobile-telephone service that provide access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using cellular technology . The indi-cator includes (and is split into) the number of postpaid subscriptions, and the number of active prepaid accounts (i .e . that have been used during the last three months) . The indicator applies to all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications . It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data ser-vices, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging, and telemetry services . It is calculated per 100 people . (International Telecommunica-tion Union)
New business density is the number of newly registered limited liability corporations per 1,000 people ages 15–64 . (World Bank)
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New businesses registered are the number of new limited liability corpo-rations registered in the calendar year . (World Bank)
Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally con-sidered part of the population of their country of origin . Data are midyear estimates . (United Nations Population Division, Eurostat, national statistical offices, World Bank, US Census Bureau, United Nations Statistics Division)
Port container traffic is the flow of containers from land to sea transport modes and vice versa in twenty-foot-equivalent units (TEUs), a standard-size container . Data cover coastal shipping as well as international jour-neys . Transshipment traffic is counted as two lifts at the intermediate port (once to off-load and again as an outbound lift) and includes empty units . (Containerisation International and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
Power outages in firms in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month . (World Bank)
Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private invest-ment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor . It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments . (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations . Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production . Data listed for 2014 are for June 2015 . (World Bank)
Profit tax is the amount of taxes on profits paid by the business as a percentage of commercial profits . For further details on the method, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2016. Data listed for 2014 are for June 2015 . (World Bank)
Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator . (International Monetary Fund and World Bank)
Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and sub-tracting intermediate inputs . (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
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236 2016 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Time spent dealing with the requirements of government regulations is the percentage of senior management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration) . (World Bank)
Time to export is the time necessary to comply with all procedures required to export goods . If a procedure can be accelerated for an addi-tional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen . (World Bank)
Time to prepare, file, and pay taxes is the time, in hours per year, it takes to prepare, file, and pay (or withhold) three major types of taxes: the corporate income tax, the value added or sales tax, and labor taxes, including payroll taxes and social security contributions . (World Bank)
Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets and payment of creditors . Data listed for 2014 are for June 2015 . (World Bank)
Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business . If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen . Data listed for 2014 are for June 2015 . (World Bank)
Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving depos-its in deposit money banks and other financial institutions . (International Monetary Fund)
Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but avail-able for and seeking employment . Definitions of labor force and unemploy-ment differ by country . Data are modeled ILO estimates . (International Labour Organization)
Glossary