the japanese occupation of malaya
DESCRIPTION
Form 3 TopicTRANSCRIPT
DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA
Rise of Japan as a world power
Reasons for Japanese Invasion Japan’s entry into the War The importance of Malaya to
the JapaneseReasons for Japanese Victory
JAPAN
Meiji Dynasty Russo-Japanese War 1904-
05 Japan’s Relations with US
and Britain Invasion of Manchuria 1931
Full-scale war against China 1937
RISE OF JAPAN AS A WORLD RISE OF JAPAN AS A WORLD POWERPOWER
Ambitions of Leaders Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Control rich resources of SEAProvide land for growing population
Need for raw materialsBritish and US embargo
Need to get vital resources needed in production of war supplies
REASONS FOR JAPANESE REASONS FOR JAPANESE INVASIONINVASION
Good Opportunity Britain engaged in war with Europe
Lower priority for defence of the East
Good time to launch an invasion
REASONS FOR JAPANESE REASONS FOR JAPANESE INVASIONINVASION
ATTACK On Pearl Harbour
JAPAN’S ENTRY INTO THE WARJAPAN’S ENTRY INTO THE WAR
PEARL HARBOUR
PEARL HARBOUR
An important source of tin An important source of tin and and rubberrubber
Malayan ChineseMalayan Chinese
British ColonyBritish Colony
IMPORTANCE OF MALAYA
Reasons for Japanese victory
Reasons for British defeat
JAPANESE CONQUEST OF MALAYA
Japanese invasion was well planned Japanese military was well-prepared Good and experienced commander in
Gen Yamashita Excellent tactics and co-ordination Japanese army was superior to the
British forces Japanese propaganda Japanese promise to free India from
British rule
JAPANESE VICTORY
JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER
JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER
REPULSE & PRINCE OF WALES
REPULSE & PRINCE OF WALES
• Malaya was not prepared for war• Inexperienced young soldiers• Lack of military equipment• Lack of naval and air defence for troops• Engaged in war in Europe• No tanks• No jungle training• British complacency
BRITISH DEFEAT
KUANTAN
JEMALUANG
JOHOR BAHRU / 31 Jan 42
IPOH
KLKL
SLIM RIVER
PENANG
15-16 Dec 41
MUAR
GEMAS
KLUANG
MAJOR BATTLES
JITRA
8 Dec 1941
KOTA BAHRU
JAPANESE
INVASION OF
MALAYA
Military governments established
“Syonan-to” and “New Malai”
Malay Consultative Councils were set up.
Sultans remained but held no powers.
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Military governments established
Malay was renamed New Malai 8 provinces; a Malay consultative council in each
province Chairman : Japanese Governor Vice Chairman : Sultan Sultan and members of the council could only
advised the Governor
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Military governments established
SULTANS Allowed to keep their positions as head of state Not given any power to rule Only concerned with matters regarding Malay religion
and customs
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Trengganu restored to Siamese rule Reward for co-operating with the Japanese
Japanese Military Administration demanded absolute cooperation
Kempeitai
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Nipponization of the People Decline in economy Shortage of food & other necessities The issue of paper money and the black
market Poor public health services
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Nipponization of the People Nipponization of the People
Japanese System of Education Japanese Language “Nippon-go” - primary
schools National anthem Japanese customs, traditions and culture Controlled people through propaganda Very effective; strong foundation over time
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Decline in economyDecline in economy tin and rubber industries declined import and export market cut off unemployment
Shortage of food & other necessitiesShortage of food & other necessities Shortage of imported foodstuff Japanese food growing campaign Substitution
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
The issue of paper money and the black The issue of paper money and the black marketmarket Greater supply of money than demand Became worthless “banana” notes Creation of a black market
Poor public health servicesPoor public health services Hospitals looted for medical supplies by
Japanese Preventive measures against diseases neglected
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The Chinese
The Europeans and the Eurasians
The Indians
The Malays
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The ChineseThe Chinese Supported China against Japanese since 1937 Malayan Chinese collected large sums of
money to help China Japanese mistrust of Chinese in Malaya Fierce Chinese resistance against the Japanese
in Singapore at Bukit Timah Massacred thousands in Singapore Kempeitai / Operation Sook Ching
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
Singapore Under Japanese Singapore Under Japanese RuleRule
Japanese soldiers using a prisoner as a live target to practise bayonet fighting
A Japanese soldier torturing a prisoner
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The ChineseThe Chinese
Economic importance of Chinese Allowed to carry on trade and business Forced to make a gift of $50m to Japan in 1942 Traitors vs resistant fighters
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The Europeans and the EurasiansThe Europeans and the Eurasians
made POWs; great hardship
Death Railway
Eurasians detained, tortured or killed
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The IndiansThe Indians
treated better; confidence and support needed
Japanese promise to free India from British
Indian Independence League and India National Army
Unsuccessful invasion of India in 1943
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The IndiansThe Indians also suffered
250,000 forced to work at Death railway
100,000 died
grew to hate and distrust the Japanese
joined resistance groups
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESETHE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE
The MalaysThe Malays
treated less harshly; cooperation and support needed directed propaganda at Malays as they were indigenous
and the largest group in Malaya Told Malays they were rightful owners of Malaya and
would eventually gain independence Malays grew to hate Japanese - starvation, fear and
suffering
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
RESISTANCE AGAINST THE JAPANESERESISTANCE AGAINST THE JAPANESE
MPAJAMPAJA
Wataniah (Pahang Malays)Wataniah (Pahang Malays)
Bintang TigaBintang Tiga
Malayan Overseas Self-Defence ArmyMalayan Overseas Self-Defence Army
Force 136Force 136
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA
END OF WWII
SURRENDER OF THE JAPANESE
Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)
Battle of Midway (Jul 1942)Battle of Midway (Jul 1942)
May 1945 : Germany surrenderedMay 1945 : Germany surrendered
6 and 9 Aug 1945 : Hiroshima and Nagasaki6 and 9 Aug 1945 : Hiroshima and Nagasaki
15 Aug 1945 : Unconditional Japanese 15 Aug 1945 : Unconditional Japanese
surrender onboard the surrender onboard the MissouriMissouri
END OF WWII
PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN
LITTLE BOY & FAT MAN
THE A-BOMBTHE A-BOMB
VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMBVICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB
VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMBVICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB
VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMBVICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB
VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMBVICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB
JAPANESE SURRENDER
INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER
We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor ofJapan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever situated.
SURRENDER OF THE JAPANESE
12 Sep 194512 Sep 1945
LG Itagaki surrendered to Lord Louis LG Itagaki surrendered to Lord Louis
Mountbatten, Allied Supreme Commander Mountbatten, Allied Supreme Commander
at the Municipal Building in Singaporeat the Municipal Building in Singapore
END OF WWII
EFFECTS OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION
Lawlessness and ViolenceLawlessness and Violence
Thousands deadThousands dead
Racial HostilitiesRacial Hostilities
MCP StrengthenedMCP Strengthened
Social and Public Health Services in Social and Public Health Services in
DisorderDisorder
END OF WWII
EFFECTS OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION
Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems
British Prestige LoweredBritish Prestige Lowered
Development of Malay NationalismDevelopment of Malay Nationalism
END OF WWII