Philippines DuringJapanese Occupation

During World War II

• 1941 (Dec. 8) – Japan invaded the Philippines

-Pampanga-Nichols Field-Lingayen Gulf-Manila

During World War II

• 1941 (Dec. 25) Gen. Douglas MacArthur declared Manila an open city. (on the advice of commonwealth President Manuel L.

Quezon to avoid its destruction)

During World War II

• 1942 (Jan. 2) –Japanese occupied Manila.

• 1942 (April 9) – US and Filipino defendants in Bataan surrendered to the Japanese

During World War II

• MacArthur escaped to Corregidor• 76,000 captured soldiers were forced to

embark on the "Death March" to a prison camp more than 100 kilometers north.

• ~10,000 prisoners died due to thirst, hunger and exhaustion.

The “Huks”

• farmers of Pampanga banded together and created local brigades for their protection

-Luis Taruc-Juan Feleo-Castro Alejandrino

• agreed to fight the Japanese as a unified guerilla army

The “Huks”

• They agreed to call their organization Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon or HUKBALAHAP.

- Taruc was the leader- Alejandrino was his right hand- Members were simply called

Huks.

The PhilippineExecutive

CommissionEstablished on

January 23, 1942

The Philippine Executive Comission

Chairperson: Jorge VargasDept. heads:

Interior: Benigno Aquino Sr.Finance: Antonio delas AlasJustice: Jose P. LaurelEducation, Health & Public Welfare: Claro M. RectoPublic Works & Communication: Quintin Paredes

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Jose Yulo

The Philippine Executive Comission

• new constitution-noticeably lacked a bill of rights -contained 12 articles lifted from the 1935

constitution that fitted the wishes of the Japanese

-was meant to be in effect only temporarily, while the Philippines still in chaos

TheSecond Republic

The Second Republic

• September 20 1943 - the KALIBAPI held a party convention

-to elect 54 members of the National Assembly(assembly was actually made of 108 members but half of this number was composed of incumbent governors and city mayors)

-President: Jose P. Laurel-Vice President: Benigno Aquino Sr.

Ramon Anancena

The Second Republic

• Inauguration-October 14 1943-on the front steps of the legislative building in

Manila-Philippine flag was hoisted as the national anthem

was played

The Second Republic• Meanwhile…

-Japanese started using propaganda to gain the trust and confidence of Filipinos who refused to cooperate with them

-hung giant posters and distribute their materials that contains such slogans as "the Philippines belong to the Filipinos."

-also used newspapers, movies, and others to publicize the same idea

Promoting Japanese propaganda was one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but still Japanese failed to gain the trust of the

Filipinos.

Gen. MacArthurReturns

Gen. MacArthur Returns

• October 20, 1944 • Leyte• General Douglas MacArthur said:

"I have Returned."

Gen. MacArthur Returns

• Oct. 23 - 26, 1944 -Americans engaged Japanese forces in the

Battle of Leyte Gulf -almost destroyed the entire Japanese fleet -said to have signaled the beginning of

Philippine liberation from the Japanese

Gen. MacArthur Returns

• mid-December-American soldiers had reached Mindoro-Japanese secured other area

• January 9, 1945 - US liberation forces successfully docked at

Lingayen Gulf- Lt. Gen.Tomoyuki Yamashita, supreme

commander of the Japanese troops in Manila, mobilize his kamikazes but they failed to stop Americans

Gen. MacArthur Returns

• December 8, 1944•President Laurel and his cabinet moved to

Baguio upon orders of Yamashita•Japanese forces retreated to Yamashita line

a jungle battlefront stretching along the Sierra Madre Mountains from Antipolo, Rizal to Appari Cagayan.

Gen. MacArthur Returns

• it took 3 weeks of intense fighting before Japanese finally surrendered on February 23,1945

• Gen. MacArthur continued to liberate other parts of the country

• proclaim general freedom from the Japanese on July 4, 1945.

sources

http://www.philippine-history.org/japanese-occupation.htm

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~aefrazie/world%20politics116/history_occupation/japanese/japanese_occupation.htm