the industrial revolution post civil war era major events in the industrial revolution early 1700s...
TRANSCRIPT
The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution
Post Civil War Era
Major Events in the Industrial Revolution
Early 1700s – Industrial Revolution begins in Britain
1764 – James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny
1764 – James Watt invents the steam engine
1793 – Samuel Slater opens first U.S. cotton mill
1793 – Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin
1814 – George Stephenson invents the first practical locomotive
1830s – First great railway “boom” begins in Europe & the U.S.
Major Events in the Industrial Revolution (cont.)
1856 – Henry Bessemer introduces the Bessemer process for steel production
1869 – Transcontinental Railroad completed
1870 – John D. Rockefeller starts the Standard Oil Company ($$$$$)
1876 – Alexander G. Bell invents the telephone
1882 – Thomas Edison constructs first central power station to electrify New York City
1892 – Andrew Carnegie forms the Carnegie Steel Corporation
RAILROADSRAILROADS
Words to copy are in RED
Transcontinental RR
Lincoln & Republicans promised Transcontinental RR in 1860
1862 – Congress passed Pacific RR act (provided 2 companies to build a transcontinental line)
Central Pacific built East from CA Union Pacific built West from Nebraska
Many workers were required to build the RR, including African Americans, American Indians, & immigrants
Central Pacific = Chinese immigrants Union Pacific = Irish immigrants
Neither group received much credit
for their work.
Biggest Challenge – crossing the Sierra Nevada mountains
Engineers (growing field) figured out how to make tunnels work.
May 10, 1869 – Transcontinental Railroad connected by a golden spike
Two ends connected at Promontory, Utah
Growth of Railroads
Railroads became more efficient after the Civil War
Began to make the rails the same size & network = connect railroad lines to another
Began to consolidate = combining smaller companies with larger ones
Examples: US Airways bought out America West
Time Warner bought AOL
Pixar & Disney
Huge railway companies were built Important RR businessmen:
Cornelius Vanderbuilt (New York & Harlem Railroad)
J.P. Morgan (consolidated RRs)
James J. Hill (Great Northern Railway)
Edward Harriman (Illinois Central &
Union Pacific RRs)
Railroads Change America
Helped end Indian control of the West Tied together the economies of the West &
East Caused the U.S. to grow into an industrial
giant (examples: lumber, steel, coal, aluminum industries)
Helped people settle and farm the plains & valleys of the West.
Changed the way people thought about the country & environment– Pre-railroads = travel was hazardous, weather
was difficult, needed water transport– With railroads = in cold & heat the trains kept
moving, railroads made straight paths to cities without water transport (ex. Denver, Cheyenne)
Railroad agreed to a system of standard time – creating 4 U.S. time zones
1884 – worldwide time zones created
Time Zones