the industrial revolution - farrell's class page · 2018-08-29 · why did the industrial...
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The Industrial
RevolutionFrom England to North America to the World
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The First Industrial
Nation
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Why did the Industrial
Revolution begin In
England?• Natural resources such as coal, iron ore, and
developed farmlands
• New technologies such as the steam engine
and textile machines
• Population growth due to previous agricultural
boom
• Business class risked their capital to start new
ventures.
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Cottage System VS. Factory
System
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Mostly female workers manning the
machines at a factory producing
stockings
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Technological
Advancements
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Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
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James Watt’s Steam
Engine
• Scottish inventor and
mechanical engineer
• Improved upon
Newcomen steam engine
by using condenser
• Key power source of the
Industrial Revolution
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Bessemer’s Smelting
Process• Bessemer Process was
the first inexpensive
industrial process for the
mass production of steel
• Removed impurities from
the iron by blowing air
through it
• Allowed the manufacture
of bridges, railroads,
skyscrapers, and large
ships
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The Wizard of
Menlo ParkThomas Edison-American
Inventor, Scientist, and
Businessman
Invented the Phonograph,
motion picture camera, and
the long-lasting practical
electric lightbulb
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Eli Whitney’s
Cotton Gin
Created in 1793
Separated Cotton Fibers
from seeds
Caused massive growth of
production of cotton, exports
to Britain, and Demand for
U.S. Slavery
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The Spinning
Jenny
Invented by James
Hargreaves in 1764
Produced several threads at
the same time
Were Later Powered by
Water, and then Steam
Engine
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John Kay’s Flying Shuttle
• “a speed which cannot be
imagined, so great that
the shuttle can only be
seen like a tiny cloud
which disappears the
same instant.”
• A wheeled shuttle that
greatly accelerated
weaving by passing
thread between warps
very quickly
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Advancements in
Science and
Medicine
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Louis Pasteur
and Germ
TheoryFrench chemist and
microbiologist, known as one
of the fathers of microbiology
Supported the germ theory
theory of disease
Invented a method to stop
milk and wine from causing
sickness
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The Great and Terrible
Scourge
• Erupted in epidemics
every 10 years in densely
populated areas
• Edward Jenner
developed vaccine
• Used samples of cowpox
disease from women who
had worked with cows
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The
Transportation
Revolution
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Stephenson’s “Rocket”
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Robert Fulton’s
Steamship
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“Any color-so
long as it’s
black.”
Henry Ford-American
Industrialist
Used the assembly line
technique of mass
production
Revolutionized
transportation
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The Wright Brothers
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Impacts of the
Industrial
Revolution
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An English Mill Town
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Urbanization
mass migration of people
from rural areas to cities
Rapid growth of cities due to
industrial demand of workers
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Blessing or
Curse?
The Standard of living
increased overall for most
people
But a new way of living
brought new problems
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Child Labor and Unsafe
Work Conditions
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Newsies
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Min
ers
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A Culture of domesticity
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Women’s Roles and
Suffrage• Women begin to take jobs
in factories performing
manual labor and skilled
crafts
• Women are always paid
less than men and not
much more than children
• Women begin to organize
for equal rights and
suffrage
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The Opposition to Women
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Capitalism and Market
Competition
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Labor Unions
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Questions to think about...
• What are some of the causes and effects of
the Industrial Revolution?
• How did the standard of living increase and
decrease during the Industrial Revolution?
• What are some of the benefits and
drawbacks of philosophers like Smith,
Marx, Owen, Bentham?
• How do we still benefit today from
inventions from the Industrial
Revolution?